• Architectural research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.193-202
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• 2014

This research started from the premise that Jacques Perret, "Savoyard gentleman" of the 17th century - whose only legacy consists of Des fortifications et artifices, a book of fortified town designs - is still an elusive figure in the history of architecture and deserves to be further investigated. In particular, attention needs to be paid to the lack of any attempt by scholars to define his actual professional status and cultural background: was he an architect, an engineer, a professional or an amateur? The intention of this paper is therefore to shed some light on this question by examining selected contents of his book describing five projects of fortified towns. Plates and descriptions are carefully analyzed related to the engineering (defensive structures) and architectural (city layouts, buildings) content. The figure that emerges is that of an articulate personality who does not fit either in the architectural or in the military engineering professional world. In the field of engineering, he simultaneously demonstrated the competence of a professional and the na$\ddot{i}$vety of an immature technician, while in the field of architecture he showed an advanced creativity alongside several technical and theoretical misunderstandings. From the analysis in this study, the assumption is formulated that Jacques Perret was a connoisseur, i.e. an erudite without any direct involvement in real professional activity. This work is intended to provide a hypothesis for further researches that, hopefully, will deepen our understanding of several other aspects of Perret's complex identity and work.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.7-22
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• 2013

Gimlyong-sa temple has played an important role of Buddhist culture in Gyeongsangdo Provinces(嶺南地域) in the late Joseon Dynasty as the 31st head temple(本山) in the Japanese occupation. There are lots of architectural documentary records remained nevertheless, most of cultural heritages are destroyed by fire in 1997. There were 85 articles in five kinds of books which contained historical achievements of Gimlyong-sa temple and hermitages(Daeseongam(大成庵), Hwajangam(華藏庵), Yangjinam(養眞庵), Geum seondae(金仙臺), Dosoram(兜率庵), Myeongjeogam(明寂庵)). It is possible to understand the five situational peculiarities in the 17~19th century. At the first, they were compiled in 1914 to around 1930 by Kwon Sangro(權相老) to clarify the historical facts. Second, confirmed the formation process of the foundation narrative. Third, the meaning of Seolseondang(設禪堂), Manseru(萬歲樓) and Hyangnojeon(香爐殿) were recorded, it is possible to look at the concept of people at that time. Fourth, the great masters portraits were enshrined in hermitages, not in Gimlyong-sa temple. It means that a hermitage is not for only self-discipline or living but assembly of religious orders(門派). Fifth, Chimgye(枕溪), the great Buddhist clergy and carpenter of Gimlyong-sa, was nationwide active worker in 19th century because he was also in a charge of investment manager for construction.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.56-70
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• 2005

This study investigates historically difference by age of wig banishments that symbolize social-economic status from West Egypt era baroque age as qualitative study that use secondary bibliographic data, there is purpose. Conclusion of this study is as following. Because wig putting on that symbolize among several usages of wig putting on, socio-economic status until 17th century baroque age from ancient Egypt is been in fashion through privilege class lower classes as well as upper class wig putting on attain. Ancient wig putting on became measure that divide class because differ material of wig or one dimension, shape (style) and length became linear measure that it can aim wealth's emblem that putting on of long wave wig and whole wig that differ lust has many wig though was in fashion though whole wig and were in fashion arriving to Renaissance. That it becomes France clean fingernails' necessaries as Louis the 14th that ready crux of absolute authority establishment of France Court put wig from depilation to count 17 was clear socio-economic status etc. symbol measure inclination. Go without question status or position, wealth and churchman puts wig so that can know special sex of weapon of where the soldiers are belonged as well as put wig and wig putting on was parted according to job and lower classes participated in fashion of wig putting on. Wig putting on that become measure that symbolize job or status in this baroque age, position, wealth etc. gave absolute influence in wig fashion in 18th century.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.52
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• pp.336.1-336.12
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• 2018

Background: We aimed to investigate mucosal immunity related to forkhead box P3 ($FOXP3^+$) regulatory T (Treg) cells, T helper 17 (Th17) cells and cytokines in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: Mucosal tissues from terminal ileum and colon and serum samples were collected from twelve children with IBD and seven control children. Immunohistochemical staining was done using anti-human FOXP3 and anti-$ROR{\gamma}t$ antibodies. Serum levels of cytokines were analyzed using a multiplex assay covering interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A/F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$, soluble CD40L, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$. Results: $FOXP3^+$ Treg cells in the lamina propria (LP) of terminal ileum of patients with Crohn's disease were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those in the healthy controls. $ROR{\gamma}t^+$ T cells of terminal ileum tended to be higher in Crohn's disease than those in the control. In the multiplex assay, serum concentrations (pg/mL) of IL-4 ($9.6{\pm}1.5$ vs. $12.7{\pm}3.0$), IL-21 ($14.9{\pm}1.5$ vs. $26.4{\pm}9.1$), IL-33 ($14.3{\pm}0.9$ vs. $19.1{\pm}5.3$), and $IFN-{\gamma}$ ($15.2{\pm}5.9$ vs. $50.2{\pm}42.4$) were significantly lower in Crohn's disease than those in the control group. However, serum concentration of IL-6 ($119.1{\pm}79.6$ vs. $52.9{\pm}39.1$) was higher in Crohn's disease than that in the control. Serum concentrations of IL-17A ($64.2{\pm}17.2$ vs. $28.3{\pm}10.0$) and IL-22 ($37.5{\pm}8.8$ vs. $27.2{\pm}3.7$) were significantly higher in ulcerative colitis than those in Crohn's disease. Conclusion: Mucosal immunity analysis showed increased $FOXP3^+$ T reg cells in the LP with Crohn's disease while Th17 cell polarizing and signature cytokines were decreased in the serum samples of Crohn's disease but increased in ulcerative colitis.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.345-368
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• 2009

Our research task have goal to describe a treaty rhetoric known as 『La Rhétorique ou L'Art de Parler』(1688) which corresponds to a very wide field of which the step is not yet dubious in our country. Thus to study the rhetoric of Lamy borrowed from the thought of Descartes, we left the concept d' origin of language in traditional rhetoric in connection with logic and grammar (in first part). Also the second part is devoted to the tropes and the figures that are modified and deteriorated by the language of passion called 'rhetoric of passion or psychological of figure', etc. And the third part interests in the body of the speech being the character of l' heart. Under the influence of the rhetoric of Lamy, French rhetoric at the 17th century is held for an essential text when one interests in the history of the ideas and rhetoric, marked in its specificity (passion). The project of Lamy registered in the concept of passion like 'manners of speaking'. To close this study, which does one have to retain? The first remark to note is that Lamy founds his rhetoric in opposition to traditional designs dating from the beginning of Aristote. Second remark is the idea that one finds based in famous the books of Dumarsais at the 18th century and Fontanier at the 19th century. Admittedly, Lamy is a true rhetorician, grammairien which interests in the question of passions in the speech forces to reconsider the idea spread since Mr. Foucault, and makes it possible to understand the passage of the Great century at the Century of Lumuères. Even if this opinion is not shared, it will be agreed that the work of Lamy on passions or the phenomena sensory and psychological in the center of the language deserves reflexion.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.81-81
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.45-48
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• 2004

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.307-314
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• 2015

The seasonal abundance of horse and deer flies (family Tabanidae) was analyzed using Mosquito Magnet$^{(R)}$ traps at 5 sites located near/in the demilitarized zone, northern Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea from late April to early October for 4 consecutive years (2010-2013). A total of 2,999 horse and deer flies (tabanids) belonging to 5 genera and 20 species were collected. Chrysops mlokosiewiczi (90.9%) was the most frequently collected, followed by Haematopota koryoensis (4.8%) and C. suavis (1.0%). The remaining 17 species comprised only of 3.3% of all species collected. C. mlokosiewiczi demonstrated bimodal peak populations during mid-June and early August, while H. koryoensis demonstrated a unimodal peak during mid-July. Overall numbers of tabanids collected were influenced by the previous year's winter temperatures and precipitation. Population abundance was influenced by habitat with most of tabanids collected from habitats near forested areas, followed by rice paddies, and a beef farm.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.2056-2060
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• 2007

Transcription factor GATA-3 is the critical transcription factor for Th2 cell differentiation. In spite of its importance in Th2 cell differentiation, the molecular mechanism for its action in Th2 differentiation is poorly understood. Previous studies have suggested that GATA-3 may be involved in the chromatin remodeling in the Th2 cytokine locus. To determine whether GATA-3 exerts its effect on its target sites in the extrachromosomal status, cell transfection assay was performed. In this assay, 800 bp IL4 promoter-luciferase constructs linked with GATA-3 target sites were transfected into the M12 B cell line, D10 mouse Th2 cell lines, and human T lymphoma Jurkat cell lines with or without the GATA-3 expression vector. The GATA-3 effects on its target sites were minimal in the extrachromosomal status, supporting the previous propositions that GATA-3 functions at the chromatin level by remodeling chromatin structure.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.17-30
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• 1997

Purpose of this study is to analyze the validity of textbook content on practical arts for the 6th curriculum, to grasp the content problems and to propose the strategy of reformation to be satisfied with consumer better than supplier. The data collected from 196 elemantary school teachers who lived in Gyungsang-namdo and analized by SPSS/PC(sup)+ package program. The statistical methods used for analysis were frequency, descriptives, validity, t-test, oneway ANOVA. The major findings can be summarised as follows： 1. The textbooks on practical arts for 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th grades showed unbalanced division for picture, figure, table unite and evaluation type of all units doesn’t show diversity. 2. The validity of textbook contents on practical arts was found to be the highest for 3rd grade textbook and the lowest for 6th grade one. Among the validity of the evaluation items,‘differentiation with other subject’and ‘usefulness of living’showed high scores, wheres ‘fitness of child level’marked lowest score. 3. There was no significant difference Among the validity contents of teachers based on socio-demographic variables.