• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2008

Background: Allergic inflammation was induced by activated Th2 lymphocytes, leading to IgE production and eosinophil activation. A Th2 disproportion was shown in atopic children soon after birth. During specific allergen stimulation, an increase of Th2 cells was observed in most cases. In this study, we prepared new screening "whole blood" system for searching the anti-atopic materials. Cytokine production and IgE secretion from whole blood system were assessed and we confirmed the results by using animal system. Methods: Pathological features in NC/Nga mice are similar to those observed in human atopic dermatitis. Whole blood from NC/Nga mouse was stimulated by using TNCB (Th2 activator) or candidate materials of anti-atopic dermatitis, and the production of cytokines (IL-4, IL-12, and IFN-${\gamma}$) were measured by ELISA. In order to confirm the results of whole blood system, in vivo test was done by using NC/Nga mice. Results: In whole blood system, LPS and extracts of green tea, hardy orange and onion induced the production of IL-12 and IFN-${\gamma}$ while they reduced the production of IL-4. Also, LPS and extracts of onion reduced IgE production. Though atopic dermatitis was observed from a mouse stimulated with TNCB, it was not when a mouse was co-stimulated in LPS or extracts of onion. The results are same as those observed in whole blood system. Conclusion: Whole blood system was simple and speedy methods for searching a materials compared with the conventional high-cost animal system. And the results using whole blood system was proved to be reliable in our experiments for screening anti-atopic material. We expect that the system can be applied to other experiments for searching similar materials.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1995

연구배경: 기관지 천식은 기도의 만성 염증성 질환으로 밝혀지고 있으며, 기관지 천식의 병인에 림프구의 "활성화"가 주요한 역할을 할 것으로 추정되고 있다. 이들 림프구중 TH1 림프구보다 TH2 림프구의 활성화가 아토피 천식환자의 기도에서 증명된 바 있다. 하지만, 아토피 정상인과 아토피 천식환자 사이의 cytokine 발현 차이는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 방법: 아토피 혹은 비아토피 천식환자 각각 6명, 아토피성 정상인, 비아토피성 정상인 각각 6명을 대상으로 기관지 조직을 획득하여 동결절편으로 in situ hybridization을 시행하였다. 사용된 cytokine은 IL-4, IL-5, INF-$\gamma$와 IL-2 였으며, probe의 제조는 random priming을 이용하여 digoxigenin을 부착시켜 사용하였다. 결과: 기관지 천식 환자의 기관지 조직은 상피세포의 탈락이 관찰되고 림프구를 포함한 다양한 염증 세포의 침윤이 기저막 하부에서 관찰되었다. 기관지 조직에서의 음성 대조군으로 RNase를 처리한 경우는 갈색의 음영이 관찰되지 않으나, RNase를 처리하지 않는 조직은 기저막 하부의 염증세포에서 갈색의 음영이 관찰되었다. 정상 대조군 6예 중 IL-2는 2예, INF-$\gamma$; 1예, IL-4;2예, IL-5는 2예에서 각각 관찰되었고, 아토피 대조군은 IL-2 1예, INF-$\gamma$;1예, IL-4와 IL-5는 한 예에서도 관찰되지 않았다. 아토피성 기관지 천식군 6예에서 IL-2는 4예, IFN-$\gamma$; 2예, IL-4; 4예, IL-5는 4예에서 관찰되었으며, 비아토피성 기관지 천식군에서는 IL-2 4예, IFN-$\gamma$;1예, IL-4; 3예, IL-5; 3예가 관찰되었다. 결론: 기관지 천식환자의 기관지내의 림프구는 활성화되어 있고, 아토피성 기관지 천식환자의 병인에 TH2-like 림프구가 관여할 것으로 추측되지만, 일부 아토피성 정상인에서의 기관지에서도 TH2-like 림프구가 활성화되어 있는 것으로 보아 추후 면역조직화학 염색을 이용한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.89-101
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• 2004

Objective : The present experiments were designed to study on the immune-enhancing effect of Mountain grown ginseng, Mountain cultivated ginseng, and Panax ginseng Method : In order to compare the immune-enhancing effect of moutain grown ginseng, moutain cultivated ginseng and Panax ginseng, the study was done through the forced swimming test (FST), measurement of T helper Th1, Th2 cytokines and fatigue related factors. Result : Moutain grown ginseng and panax ginseng decreased the immobility time in the FST compared to the control. Glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Total-protein (T-protein) in serum were investigated. The serum achieved from ginseng administered mouse showed higher BUN, T-protein than the control. moutain grown ginseng administered group showed lower LDH than the control group. moutain grown ginseng administered mouse showed higher glucose than the control. Creatinine was same in either experimental or control group. Ginseng-induced cytokine production in human T-cell line, MOLT-4 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages were compared. Moutain cultivated ginseng (10-4 dilution) and panax ginseng (10-3 dilution) were increased the interferon $IFN-{\gamma}$ production compared with media control (about 1.6-fold P<0.05) at 48 h. Moutain grown ginseng (10-4 dilution) was increased the $IFN-{\gamma}$ and interleukin IL-4 production compared with media control (about l.4-fold for $IFN-{\gamma}$ and 1.6-fold for IL-4 P<0.05) at 48 h. Moutain grown ginseng (10-3 dilution) and moutain cultivated ginseng (10-4 dilution) were increased the turmor necrosis factor $TNF-{\alpha}$ production compared with $rIFN-{\gamma}$ treated cells (about 1.9-fold for $TNF-{\alpha}$ P<0.05), respectively. Moutain cultivated ginseng (10-3 dilution) was increased the IL-12 production compared with $rIFN-{\gamma}$ treated cell (about 1.7-fold for IL-12 P<0.05). Conclusion : These data suggest that three different three kinds of ginseng act on immune responses in different aspects.

• 약학회지
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2016

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by dysregulatory production of proinflammatory cytokines and helper T (Th) cytokine-dependent autoantibody production. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of baicalin on the dysregulatory production of proinflammatory cytokines and Th cytokines in pristane-induced lupus mice. Mice were received i.p. a single injection of 0.5 ml of pristane, and then, later about 3 months, were used as a pristane-induced lupus model. The pristane-induced lupus mice were administrated orally with baicalin 50 mg/kg once in a day for 10 days. Immune cells obtained from the pristane-primed lupus control group (lupus control) and baicalin-treated pristaneprimed lupus mouse group (BAC lupus) were cultured for 24 h or 36 h with/without mitogens. These results demonstrated that LPS-induced production of macrophage and splenic TNF-${\alpha}$ and Con A-induced production of thymic IFN-${\gamma}$ were attenuated in BAC lupus compared to lupus control, while LPS-stimulated production of macrophage IL-10, Con A-stimulated production of splenic IL-10 and, $PGE_2$-reduced production of splenic IFN-${\gamma}$ enhanced. Therefore, these findings suggest that baicalin may protect from autoimmunity and disease activity in lupus via modulatory effect of proinflammatory cytokine overproduction and Th cytokine imbalance.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.336-340
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• 2008

류마티스성 관절염의 동물 모델인 CIA(collagen induced arthritisd) 생쥐에 CRN을 복강 투여하여 CIA의 발병률 및 관절염지수 등에 대한 효과를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. RF(rhumatoid factor) 인자인 IgG와 IgM 생산량, 그리고 염증 사이토카인인 IL-6와 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 생산량이 감소하였다. 사이토카인 분석결과, 비장세포에서 Th1과 Th2 세포에서 분비되는 $IFN-{\gamma}$와 IL-4를 측정하여 CRN 투여로 Th1 세포에서 Th2 세포로 면역반응이 전환됨을 시사하는 것은 CRN의 치료효과로 사료된다. 혈청 중에서 RA 인자인 IgG와 IgM, 염증 사이토카인인 $TNF-{\alpha}$와 IL-6 및 type II bovine collagen antibody 생산량 이 대조군에 비하여 CRN 투여군이 감소하여 CRN이 관절염의염증 사이토카인을 억제하는 것으로 확인된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.856-862
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Samsoeum(SSE) on cytokine regulation of mouse T cells. The proliferation of mouse CD4 T cells under the influence of SSE extract was measured. When mouse CD4 T cell were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 in various concentrations of SSE extract, it increased proliferation of CD4 cells by 30% in $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. The proliferation of CD4 cells increased in $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Treatment of CD4+ T cells stimulated by anti-CD3e and anti-CD28 with SSE resulted in reduction of $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-4 levels. SSE has dose-dependent inhibitory effect on $IFN-{\gamma}$ and decreased IL-4 by 70% at 50, $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Oral administration of SSE resulted in increase of CD8+ T cell population in Balb/c mice by 8%. CD4+ T cells under Th1/Th2 polarizing conditions for 3 days with SSE resulted in decrease of $IFN-{\gamma}$ level in Th1 cells by 44% and increase of IL-4 level in Th2 cells by 60%. Experimental results of this study show that SSE induces mouse T-cell to transform into Th2, and increases T-cell population and activation.

• 약학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2008

Water extracts of Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus (ADA) fruits were used to treat hPBMC to determine the mechanisms for the immunomodulatory effects. The secretion level of various cytokines including Th-1 type (IL-2, L-12, $IFN-{\gamma}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$) and Th-2 type (IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) were measured using ELISA. A significant increase of Th-1 type cytokine secretion was observed in the presence of extract while Th-2 cytokine, IL-6 was suppressed. Our results suggest that ADA fruit extract may influence the anticancer immune responses towards a predominance of Th-1 cytokines in the immune system.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Li Zhong Tang(LZH-T) on atopic dermatitis by using NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse. Methods First, in vitro, we isolated B cells from NC/Nga mouse which induced atopic dermatitis-like skin for 18 weeks. We analyzed FACS by intracellular staining of $IFN-{\gamma}$, GATA-3+ and also analyzed cytokines by using real-time PCR. Secondly, in vivo, after administration of LZH-T to the 12 weeks old mouse with atopic dermatitis. We analyzed serum IgE, $IFN-{\gamma}$ level and observed the changes of activated cell. Results In vitro, LZH-T decreased the levels of CD4+/$IFN-{\gamma}$ and increased the levels of CD4+/GATA3+. In vivo, serum IgE levels were decreased and $IFN-{\gamma}$ levels were increased in LZH-T group compared to the control group. In PBMCs, the percentage of activated cell - granulocytes, CD3+, CD3+CD4+, B220+CD23+, and CCR3+ were decreased and CD19+, CD3+CD8+ were increased in LZH-T group compared to the control group. Conclusions This study demonstrates immunological activity of GPJST on atopic dermatitis-like model mice.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1285-1289
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• 2006

Hominis placenta (HP) has been used as an agent for promoting physiological function in traditional asian medicine. The present study was peformed to investigate whether HP acupuncture treatment in an experimental tumor mice model inhibit tumor growth through immunomodulatory effects. Mice were inoculated subcutaneously with colon26-L5 cells on the back. Three days after tumor inoculation, HP herbal acupuncture treatment was conducted on BL18 acupoint every other day for three weeks. HP Herbal acupuncture treatment significantly suppressed the primary tumor growth and prolonged survival rate. To evaluate immunomodulatory effect of HP acupuncture, splenocytes proliferation assay, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and ELISA for IFN- ${\gamma}$, and IL-4 cytokine level. HP herbal acupuncture enhanced the mitogenic activity of Balb/c whole splenocytes induced by various mitogenic stimuli and increased immune cell population such as T cell, B cell, Th cell, Tc cell and Macrophages. HP herbal acupuncture caused a marked increase of production of Th1 cytokine (IFN- ${\gamma}$ ,) and decrease of production of Th2 cytokine (IL-4). These results indicated that HP herbal acupuncture suppresses tumor growth through a mechanism leading to a Th1 dominant immune state.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2010

목 적: 난관수종액내의 사이토카인 농도를 측정하고, 사이토카인 농도가 다른 난관수종액을 이용하여 생쥐 배아 발생에 미치는 영향을 비교하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 난관수종액은 자궁난관 조영술에서 난관수종이 진단되어 복강경을 통한 난관 절제술을 시행하는 경우 난관 절제술 전에 난관으로부터 채취한 다음 3,000 rpm에서 10분간 원심분리시킨 후 상층액만을 $-20^{\circ}C$에서 보관하였다. 난관수종액의 사이토카인의 조성 및 농도를 확인하기 위하여 interleukin (IL)-$1{\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$, interferon (IFN)-$\gamma$, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 등을 ELISA 방법으로 측정하였다. 기본 배양액에 난관수종액을 5%, 10%, 30%의 비율로 첨가하여 각 군별로 배반포로의 발달을 관찰하였다. 결 과: 난관수종액내에서 IL-$1{\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-$\alpha$, IFN-$\gamma$, VEGF, EGF, MCP-1가 검출되었으며, 그 농도에 있어서는 큰 차이를 보였다. 정상 혈청 농도에 비하여 난관수종액-1은 IL-6, IL-10이 증가되어 있었고, 난관 수종액-2는 IFN-$\gamma$, MCP-1 및 VEGF가 증가되어 있었다. 각 난관수종액의 Th1/Th2 비는 HSF-1의 경우 IFN-$\gamma$:IL-10이 3.69로 정상인 데 비하여 HSF-2의 경우 IFN-$\gamma$:IL-10이 61.14로 크게 증가되어 있었다. 난관수종액을 포함하지 않는 배양액에서는 배반포기 발달률은 76.7%이었고, 난관수종액-1군은 74%로 대조군과 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 난관수종액-2군의 경우 27.7%로서 대조군 및 난관수종액-1군과도 유의한 차이를 보였다. 난관수종액-1의 경우 난관수종액 농도에 따른 차이는 없었으며, 난관수종액-2군의 경우 농도에 증가함에 따라 배반포로의 발달이 감소하기는 하였지만 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 결 론: 난관수종액마다 사이토카인의 조성이 다르며 이에 따라 생쥐 배아발달에 미치는 영향이 다를 수 있다. 염증성 사이토카인이 증가된 난관수종액이 배아발달에 악영향을 미칠 것으로 추정된다. 특정 사이토카인에 의한 작용을 규명하기는 위해서는 향후 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.