• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.54-57
• /
• 1991

The width of head capsule of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), was measured on the 5th generation larvae reared with artificial diet. The mean widths of head capsule of each instar were: 1st, 0.246 mm; 2nd, 0.35 mm; 3rd, 0.546 mm; 4th, 0.809 mm; 5th, 1.242 mm; and 6th, 2.185 mm. The coefficient of variation (%) of each instar were: 1st, 8.6; 2nd, 9.5; 3rd, 15.1; 4th, 11.2; 5th, 12.0; and 6th, 12.9. The growth ratio of each instar were: 2nd, 1.43; 3rd, 1.55; 4th, 1.48; 5th, 1.54; and 6th, 1.76. The fitness(%) to Dyar's law of the measurement of head capsule width were: 1st, 94.7; 2nd, 98.3; 3rd, 98.7; 4th, 94.8; 5th, 94.6; and 6th, 92.2. When the logarithm of the width is plotted against the number of instars, the calculated regression line is highly significient (Log Y = -0.819 + 0.1872X, $r^2$ = $0.9977*{**}$) and Dyar's constant was 1.54.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2019

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG; Panax ginseng Meyer) is a widely used medicinal herb known to exert various immune modulatory functions. KRG and one of its purified components, ginsenoside Rg3, are known to possess anti-inflammatory activities. How they impact helper T cell-mediated responses is not fully explored. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the effect of KRG extract (KRGE) and ginsenoside Rg3 on Th1 cell responses. Methods: Using well-characterized T cell in vitro differentiation systems, we examined the effects of KRGE or enhanced Rg3 on the Th1-inducing cytokine production from dendritic cells (DC) and the naïve $CD4^+$ T cells differentiation to Th1 cells. Furthermore, we examined the change of Th1 cell population in the intestine after treatment of enhanced Rg3. The influence of KRGE or enhanced Rg3 on Th1 cell differentiation was evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: KRGE significantly inhibited the production level of IL-12 from DCs and subsequent Th1 cell differentiation. Similarly, enhanced Rg3 significantly suppressed the expression of interferon gamma ($IFN{\gamma}$) and T-bet in T cells under Th1-skewing condition. Consistent with these effects in vitro, oral administration of enhanced Rg3 suppressed the frequency of Th1 cells in the Peyer's patch and lamina propria cells in vivo. Conclusion: Enhanced Rg3 negatively regulates the differentiation of Th1 cell in vitro and Th1 cell responses in the gut in vivo, providing fundamental basis for the use of this agent to treat Th1-related diseases.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.127-133
• /
• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between body size traits, carcass traits, and primal cuts in Hanwoo steers. Methods: Sixty-one beef carcasses were classified for conformation and primal cut weight. Additionally, carcass weight, fat thickness, carcass dimensions, and longissimus muscle area were determined to complement the grading. Results: The average live weight and cold carcass weight were 759 and 469 kg, respectively. The mean carcass meat, fat, and bone proportions were 551, 298, and 151 g/kg, respectively. Primal cuts weights showed significant positive correlations (p<0.001) of 0.42 to 0.82 with live weight, carcass weight, and longissimus muscle area and a significant negative correlation with carcass fat (without shank, -0.38 to -0.10). Primal cut weights were positively correlated (p<0.01) with carcass length (0.41 to 0.77), forequarter length (0.33 to 0.57), 6th lumbar vertebrae-heel length (0.33 to 0.59), 7th cervical vertebrae carcass breadth (0.35 to 0.58), 5th to 6th thoracic vertebrae breadth (0.36 to 0.65), 7th to 8th thoracic vertebrae girth (0.38 to 0.63), and coxae girth (0.34 to 0.56) and non-significantly related to cervical vertebrae length and coxae thickness. Conclusion: There was a high correlation among live weight, carcass weight, longissimus muscle area, carcass length, 7th cervical vertebrae carcass breadth, 5th to 6th thoracic vertebrae breadth, and 7th to 8th thoracic vertebrae girth of the primal cuts yield. The correlation between fat and primal cut yields was highly significant and negative. Carcass length and 7th to 8th thoracic vertebrae girth, appear to be the most important traits affecting primal cut yields.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.295-310
• /
• 2022

The Weolaksan and Sokrisan granites yield high SiO₂ and alkali (Na₂O+K₂O) contents and low CaO and P₂O₅ contents. The Al saturation index is ≥1.3, which indicates that the granites are peraluminous. The mean U and Th contents are 8.3 and 39.3 ppm, respectively, higher than typical Mesozoic granites in South Korea and about twice the global mean for granitic rocks. The causes of such high radioelement contents are related to high degrees of fractionation and the crustal origin of the granites. U- and Thbearing radioactive minerals occur in the granites include zircon, thorite, monazite, xenotime, fergusonite and uraninite. The fact that the mean Th/U ratio of the granites (5.4) is similar to the global average crustal value suggests that the radioelement contents of granite were controlled by the crustal source material. Given the correlation of Zr, Y, and heavy rare earth elements for U and Th, radioelements are more likely hosted by xenotime than zircon and monazite.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.251-259
• /
• 2005

Atopy is a highly prevalent and serious health problem. The prevalence and severity of asthma and allergic diseases have increased over recent decades, particularly in industrialized nations. Early life infections may protect against the development of atopy and allergic diseases like asthma. The inverse relationship between the incidence of atopy and childhood infections has led to the 'hygiene hypothesis', which suggests that diminished exposure to childhood infections in modern society has led to decreased Th1-type responses. Th1 and Th2 responses are counter-regulatory. Reduced Th1 may lead to enhanced Th2-type inflammation, which is important in promoting asthma and allergic disease via up-regulation of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. It is now widely accepted that altered regulation of Th2 responses(and possibly the balance between Th1 and Th2 responses) is an important factor in the development of atopy. CpG DNA represent a novel class of drugs with substantial immunomodulatory properties. CpG DNA contain unmethylated motifs centered on the CpG dinucleotides, like bacterial DNA. These CpG DNA promote Th1 and regulatory type immune responses and suppress Th2 responses. In murine studies, CpG DNA are effective in prevention and treatment of asthma and allergic diseases. CpG DNA are just beginning to be tested in human asthma. While its precise mechanisms continue to be fully studied, CpG DNA offers considerable promise as a novel treatment for atopic inflammation. It may prove to be an important disease modifying therapy, or even curative therapeutic agent for asthma and allergic diseases.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.6-12
• /
• 2005

In the last few years, a spectrum of dendritic cells(DCs), including toll like receptors(TLRs), might play a critical role in regulating allergy and asthma. DC plays a central role in initiating immune responses, linking innate and adaptive responses to pathogen. Human peripheral blood has three non-overlapping dendritic subset that expressed various 11 TLRs. These dendritic subsets and TLR contribute significant polarizing influences on T helper differentiation, but how this comes about is less clear. A better understanding of DC immunobiology may lead to the comprehension of allergy pathophysiology to prevent early stage allergic march.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.111-121
• /
• 2007

In this paper, we propose a TH-Multiband-UWB system through pulse shaping to fit in domestic UWB spectrum regulation. We propose the transmission pulse of Multi-Carrier type for pulse shaping and use Cognitive Radio to detect interfering frequency. We use Genetic Algorithm in Cognitive Radio's calculation propose and propose solution of interference problem between TH-UWB using Cognitive Radio and typical MB-OFDM UWB system or other communication systems. In this paper, we explain how Cognitive Engine detects the interfering frequency. The technique of TH-Multiband-UWB system using Cognitive Radio shows a good performance in interference condition.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.461-467
• /
• 2015

The 6th industrialization is one of the most important policies for Korean agricultural sector, and Korean government allocates the large portion of policy budget to promote the 6th industrialization. However, recently, Korean government has experienced the confusion and inefficiency due to too many policy programs for the 6th industrialization. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current policy programs for the 6th industrialization and to suggest the several guidelines for the more efficient policy system, including the priority of policy programs for the 6th industrialization. The results of studies present a few findings as follows: First, Korean government should evenly promote the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd industry in agricultural sector. Second, the main agent of the 6th industrialization needs to be the ministry of agriculture, food and rural affairs. Third, the policy resource for the 6th industrialization should be focused on the prominent farmers or enterprises. Forth, the policy programs for the 6th industrialization need to be grouped.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.201-211
• /
• 2018

The paper suggests making a policy and strategies for a way of exporting Korean ICT product effectively in the EU and Eastern area, and an effective preparation of 4^th industrial revolution through analysis of preparation status of 4^th industrial revolution of the Visegrad group. Analyze policy, status, what they want for 4^th preparation in the Visegrad group from comparing characteristics analysis of each country's official data, publication data, portal, paper, and etc. They have been preparing for 4^th industrial revolution long time ago as basic research and business before 4^th wave word. With these basic results, they are trying to apply such as, AI, S/W, security, ICT, etc. of 4^th wave core technology. For the development of new export market in EU, the Korean team should research with university and research center or venture company. Through these cooperation, they should understand their personal characteristic, lifestyle, and what consumers want to purchase in EU. And this results can be used in South Asia and India that give a big effect to all over the world ICT market. The external impact of the 4^th wave must have a long-term shift in manpower, and production policy is related to the EU's strategic role, or the preparation of the 4^th wave to the V4 country in the short term.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.53 no.3
• /
• pp.307-314
• /
• 2015

The seasonal abundance of horse and deer flies (family Tabanidae) was analyzed using Mosquito Magnet$^{(R)}$ traps at 5 sites located near/in the demilitarized zone, northern Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea from late April to early October for 4 consecutive years (2010-2013). A total of 2,999 horse and deer flies (tabanids) belonging to 5 genera and 20 species were collected. Chrysops mlokosiewiczi (90.9%) was the most frequently collected, followed by Haematopota koryoensis (4.8%) and C. suavis (1.0%). The remaining 17 species comprised only of 3.3% of all species collected. C. mlokosiewiczi demonstrated bimodal peak populations during mid-June and early August, while H. koryoensis demonstrated a unimodal peak during mid-July. Overall numbers of tabanids collected were influenced by the previous year's winter temperatures and precipitation. Population abundance was influenced by habitat with most of tabanids collected from habitats near forested areas, followed by rice paddies, and a beef farm.