• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 1999

We analyzed our experience with orchidopexy for undescended testicle performed during recent 10 years in order to evaluate our results and to determine the most effective treatment of undecended testes. Between 1988 and 1997, we treated 420 undescended tested (314 palpable and 106 nonpalpable) in 356 boys. Medical records were reviewed with respect to age at presentation, the surgical approach, testicular location, testicular volume and the final outcome. The average patient age at presentation was 4.1 years with 40.2 % presenting before age 2 years. Of 106 nonpalpable testes, 23 testes were intra-abdominal, 32 were preperitoneal and 51 were absent. During the first 5 years, we performed orchidopexy through 31 inguinal and 13 midline transabdominal incisions for 44 paitents with nonpalpable testes. In the next 5 years, all 47 patients with nonpalpable were treated through inguinal incisions. For the nonpalpable testes, the inguinal approach with or without intraperitoneal extension was successful in defining the location of testes and blind-ending vessels in all patients. Laparoscopy did not help to avoid surgical exploration in all our patients with nonpalpable tests. Of 339 inguinal and midline tranabdominal orchidopexies without spermatic vessels ligations, 324 testes were placed in the scrotum, 4 in the upper scrotum and 3 in the inguinal area. Eight testes underwent atrophy. Of 13 Fowler-Stephens orchidopexies, 7 were placed in the scrotum and 6 became atrophied. Testicular growths were noticed in most patients who underwent orchidopexies and the colume of pexed testes became as large as the contralateral normal testes by the mean duration of 43.3 months postoperatively. In conclusion, orchidopexies were successful in most cases of cryptochidism in terms of testicular position and growth. However, there were more testicular atrophies in cases where spermatic vessels were ligated. In cases of nonpalpable undescended testes, the inguinal approach with or without intraperitoneal extesion would be recommended.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10095-10099
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• 2015

Background: The present study was conducted to determine knowledge level of technicians working in hospitals about testicular cancer (TC) and self-examination of testicles (TSE) and to determine levels of consciousness and implementation status about TSE. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with technicians working in hospitals (n=243) between $2^{nd}$ January-$31^{st}$ May 2012 at private and governmental hospitals in urban Kayseri. Healthy control subjects (n=235) who were similar to technicians in terms of age, education level and income status were also included to the study. Chi-square test was used in comparison of categorical variables. Results: Technicians were significantly more aware of TC than controls, but the latter were found to have significantly more information about TSE. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of knowing how to do TSE and 80% of both groups were unaware this exam. Of technicians, 19.8% and of controls, 25.5% did TSE, the difference being statistically insignificant. First reason for not doing TSE was "not-knowing" among technicians (48.1%) while it was "ignorance" among controls (66.8%). Of technicians doing TSE, 37.5% did as it came to their mind while 51.7% of controls performed TSE several times in the previous year. Technicians were significantly more afraid of getting TC than controls (p=0.037). Conclusions: It was determined in the present study that rates of TSE were similar between technicians and controls. However compliance with the recommended frequency and right method was low. Consequently, public health education should be planned and applied in order to increase the knowledge of TC and TSE.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.831-836
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• 2009

The aims of this investigation was to examine the anti-obesity effects of oral administration with Mulberry leaves extraction in the high-fat diet induced obesity rats. We investigated the anti-obesity effects of the extract from Mulberry leaves on the progress of high fat diet for 8 weeks. Experimental rats were divided into 5 different experimental groups including an normal group (normal dieat; n=10), control group (high fat diet; n=10), I (Mulberry leaves extraction 100 mg/kg oral administration induced obesity; n=10), II (Mulberry leaves extraction 300 mg/kg oral administration; n=10), and III (Mulberry leaves extraction 500 mg/kg oral administration; n=10). It is to analysis changes in body weight, epididymal fat weight, blood lipid profiles, and fat histological findings. Body weights were significantly increase in control group than normal groups(p<0.05). The level of total cholesterol, LDL-C and TG were significantly lower in experimental groups than control group (p<0.05). In histopathologic finding of fat-tissue around testicle experimental group I and II were more decreased than high fat diet-induced control group in fat cell size. These results suggested that the Mulberry leaves extraction oral administration made the increase of anti-obesity effect in high-fat diet induced obesity rats.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2013

The dried root of Angelica gigas (A. gigas) has been traditionally used as an oriental medicine, which is known to improve blood circulation and blood stasis. In the present study, leaves and stalks of A. gigas were used to investigate their effects on the innate immunity. The extracts were prepared from leaves and stalks of A. gigas and were fed to mice. The numbers of blood cells, total WBCs, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils and basophils were increased by 50% in mice fed with leaves extract of A. gigas compared to control mice. However, the numbers of blood cells were decreased when treated with stalks extract of A. gigas. The level of cholesterol and triglyceride in serum was markedly reduced in both mice group fed with leaves extract and stalks extract of A. gigas compared to control group (P<0.01). There was no significant change in the level of albumin, total protein, phosphate and calcium in serum. Activity of cationic peptide was found to be diffused in the testicles of mice fed with leaves extract of A. gigas compared to control group, which might be due to increased lysozyme in testicle. The lysoplate assay and immunohistochemistry assay suggest that the extract of leaves and stalks of A. gigas are immunogenic, but the effects might be related with acquired immune response rather than innate immunity.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 1998

The purpose of simple abdomen erect projection is to see the fluid level which indicates gastrointestinal ileus or free air due to perforation. we do not have to insist on low kVp technique in simple abdomen erect position as long as we can detect the fluid level and free air shadow. Therefore, the author tried to decrease patient dose by high kVp technique and to improve the image quality due to motion artifact by reduction of exposure time. [Methods] Experiment 1. * screen/film SRO1000/HRH * exposure factor : $140\;kvp{\pm}5\;kv$ with added filters, 200 mA, 0.01 sec * phantom : Acryles : 15.0 cm(equivalent to 17 cm body thickness) 17.5 cm(equivalent to 21 cm body thickness) 20.0 cm (equivalent to 25 cm body thickness) With the exposure factor for same film density($D=0.8{\pm}0.1$) and with the materials above, we tried to find out entrance skin dose and gonad dose for both male and female. Experiment 2. Burger's phantom radiography were checked to see whether there was any change of image quality according to the kVp and the added filters. Experiment 3. Using rotating meter(self made), we examined the motion artifact and the exposure time limitation. [Results and conculution] 1. Using high voltage technique of 140 kVp with added filter, Skin dose, testicle dose and ovary dose decrease to 89.3%, 47% and 71.4% respectively compare to 70 kVp technique, 2. No great changes of Burger's phantom image has detected as from 70 kVp to 140 kVp and the air hole size of Burger's phantom over 0.028 cc(Diameter 3 mm, hight 4 mm) can be distinghished. 3. 0.01 sec(1 pulse) exposure time is possible in the single phase full wave rectification that why we can quitely reduce the unsharness caused by patient's movement.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.387-396
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• 2021

This study was conducted to provide basic data for efficient Hanwoo beef production by conducting a comparison of growth performance, blood metabolites, testosterone, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo according to complete and hemi-castration. Twelve Hanwoo calves were allotted to two treatment groups as follows: CC = complete-castration and HC = hemi-castration method of removing only one testicle. At the end of the test, the body weight was 66 kg higher in HC than in CC, and the average daily gain increased by 12.6% (p < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio was significantly improved in HC compared to CC (p < 0.05). Serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were significantly higher in CC than HC in both the growing and fattening periods (p < 0.05), and serum testosterone concentrations before castration were similar between HC and CC, but steadily increasing in HC after castration. Back fat thickness and marbling score were significantly higher in CC than HC in the entire period (p < 0.01). In the results of this study, hemi-castration can improve body weight gain and feed conversion ratio due to the influence of male hormones compared to complete castration, but it is considered that there will be difficulties in producing high-quality meat with a high marbling score.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.555-563
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• 1995

Aloe 첨가식이가 흰쥐의 cadmium 독성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 실험 동물로 Sprague-Dawley계 수컷 흰쥐 30마리를 사용했으며 대조군과 cadmium 첨가군 및 3개의 Aloe arborescens 첨가군으로 나누었다. 각 실험군을 6마리로 나누어 9주간 실험을 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 체중의 증가 경향은 cadmium 첨가군보다 cadmium＋0.75% aloe 첨가군이 높았다(p<0.01). 식이 섭취량은 실험군들간에 일정한 경향을 인정할 수 없었으며 cadmium 섭취에 의한 식이량은 감소되었다. 물 섭취량은 대조군>cadmium＋0.75% aloe 첨가군>cadmium＋1% aloe 첨가군>cadmium＋0.5% aloe 첨가군>cadmium 첨가군의 순으로 cadmium 섭취에 의한 물 섭취량 감소를 나타냈으며 cadmium 첨가군에 비하여 aloe 첨가군, 특히 cadmium＋0.75% aloe 첨가군에서 뚜렷한 증가를 보였다. 식이 효율은 대조군에서 가장 높았으며 cadmium+aloe 첨가군들중, 특히 cadmium＋0.75% aloe 첨가군에서 비교적 높았다. 각 장기들의 무게는 실험구들간에 일정한 경향을 보이지 않았으나 고환의 경우에만 대조군에 비하여 cadmium＋0.75% aloe 첨가군에서 높았다. 조직 중의 cadmium 함량은 신장>간>비장>심장>허파>고환>뇌의 순으로 높았다. Cadmium 첨가군에 비하여 cadmium＋0.5% aloe, cadmium＋0.75% aloe, cadmium＋1% aloe 첨가군에서 낮았고, 특히 cadmium＋0.75% aloe 첨가군이 다른 aloe 첨가군에 비하여 낮은 함량을 보여 cadmium 축적 억제를 위한 적당한 수준임을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2007

저선량 방사선에 의한 생물학적 효과를 규명하기 위하여, 쥐의 전신에 저선량 X-Ray을 조사하여 쥐의 정자에 미치는 생물학적효과를 관찰하였다. 실험용 동물인 Sprague-Dawley(SD) rat 총 36마리를 6마리씩 구분하여, 각각 대조군, 10 mGy, 20 mGy, 50 mGy, 100 mGy, 200 mGy의 X-Ray을 전신 조사하였다. 0.1g 당 정자수는 각각 $14.216{\times}10^6,\;13.901{\times}10^6,\;14.153{\times}10^6,\;13.831{\times}10^6,\;14.137{\times}10^6,\;14.677{\times}10^6$로 통계적인 차이는 나타나지 않았고, 정자의 운동성은 각각 50.9%, 49.5%, 55.1%, 54.3%, 48.0%, 52.2%이었다. 그리고 남성호르몬은 대조군에 비하여 모두 증가함을 보였고, 현미경 시야에서 고환조직을 확인한 바로는 정세관, 정소세포에서 공포화가 나타나지 않았다. 이 같은 결과로부터 과학기술부와 보건복지부의 법령에서 제한하는 선량이하에서 피폭선량이 관리된 SD rat에게 유해한 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 이와 같은 연구의 결과는 제한된 숫자의 동물에게서 확인한 결과이므로 인체에서 동일한 효과가 나타난다고 주장할 수 없다. 그러므로 향후 다른 동물과 궁극적으로 인체에 나타나는 효과에 대한 추가적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.301-314
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• 2005

Objective: Rebamipide is a propionic acid derivative that has an action of the inhibition of superoxide production and removal of hydroxyl radical with the sperm incubation and cryopreservation. In the present study, to investigate whether rebamipide is useful to treat male infertility and sterility, the author observed the antioxidative effects in patient with male infertility and also examined its absorption and distribution in rat genital organ. Methods: To measure the distribution of rebamipide in reproductive organ in the rat, carbon indicated rebamipide, $^{14}C-OPC-12759$, was orally administered to 10 Spraque-Dawley rats and its organ concentration in serum, liver, kidney, stomach, duodenum, colon, urinary bladder, seminal vesicle, epididymis and testicle were measured each time after 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours by using HPLC fluorescent method. The concentrations in semen were measured by HPLC fluorescent method in a sample of 50 infertile males who took 900 mg of rebamipide daily for 3 months. To measure the antioxidative effect and fertility rate for 3 months, each month before and after the treatment, sperm motility, vitality, the oxygen free radical formation, level of peroxidation, fetilizing capacity of semen sample which were obtained from infertile male patients by masturbation after at least 48 hours abstinence were analyzed by computer assisted semen analyzer, eosin-nigrosin stain, chemiluminescence, thiobarbituric acid method and hypo-osmotic swelling test. Simultaneously in a sample that wanted baby, both pregnancy and delivery were researched. Results: The $^{14}C-OPC-12759$ concentration in the body of white rats was highest in gastrointestinal organ like stomach, smal intestine and duodenum and followed by genital organ like seminal vesicle, testis and epididymis. The rebamipide concentration in semen of infertile males was $220.77{\pm}327.84ng/mL$ (SD) which showed a large deviation but it was higher than serum which was $126{\pm}76ng/mL$ (SD). In the infertile males, after the treatment with rebamipide, the level of seminal reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation have significantly decreased in duration of the treatment (p<0.05) and sperm vitality and fertilizing capacity except sperm motility significantly improved on post treatment of 2~3 months (p<0.05). Out of the 41 cases who hoped for pregnancy, 15 cases (36.6%) became pregnant and 12 cases had childbrith, 2 cases had miscarriage and one case is ongoing. The side effect was observed in 1 case (2%) which experienced diarrhea but it was lost spontaneously. Conclusions: We conclude from this study that rebamipide showed relatively high tendancy of absorption and excretion in the genital organ. In infertile males who had elevated ROS in semen, by specifically inhibiting the cell damage from the antioxidation, a way to preserve sperm motility, vitality and fertilizing capacity was confirmed.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.641-648
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• 2015

고지방 고콜레스테롤 식이를 급여한 마우스에서 황칠나무 잎 추출물이 체내 지질 상태에 미치는 영향을 보기 위해 본 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과 황칠나무 추출물을 투여한 마우스의 체중이 모두 control군에 비해 감소하였다. 혈장과 간장의 TG, TC 및 혈장 LDL-C 농도도 control군에 비해 유의적으로(P<0.05) 감소하였으며, 혈장 HDL-C의 농도는 control군이 normal군보다 유의적으로 낮아졌고 DA-200군, DE-200군은 normal군의 수준까지 증가하였다(P<0.05). 간장, 비장, 고환 지방의 상대 무게와 혈장 인슐린 농도는 normal군에 비해 control군이 매우 높았으나 황칠나무 잎 추출물을 투여했을 때는 추출방법에 상관없이 농도에 비례적으로 인슐린 농도가 감소되었다. 그리고 모든 황칠나무 투여군의 간 조직 AST, ALT 활성과 MDA 농도 및 SOD 활성도 변화되었는데 AST, ALT 활성과 MDA 농도는 control군에 비해 낮아졌고 SOD 활성은 control군에 비해 증가하였다(P<0.05). 특히 DE-200군의 ALT 활성 및 DA-200군, DE-200군의 MDA 농도가 normal군의 수준까지 감소되었다(P<0.05). 또한 hematoxylin과 eosin 염색을 통해 황칠나무 잎 추출물이 간세포의 지질 침착 정도를 개선하는 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과를 통해 황칠나무 잎 추출물은 추출용매와 추출물의 농도에 따라 약간의 차이는 있으나 모두 고지방 고콜레스테롤 식이를 급여한 마우스의 체내 지질 상태의 개선에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다.