• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.39-51
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Hospital Violence Attitude Scale-18 (HVAS-18) for clinical nurses. Methods: The HVAS-18 was developed and validated in 3 steps: Item generation through literature reviews and in-depth interviews, pilot study, and the validity and reliability tests using a test-retest technique. Forty-one items were initially extracted by 8 experts, and 18 items were finally developed by item and factor analysis. The final HVAS-18 was evaluated by 326 clinical nurses from seven general hospitals in three cities. The collected data were analyzed using factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Results: Five discrete factors emerged, which explained 64.0% of the total variance. Each five factor was labeled: Factor 1 (6 items) 'awareness'explained 18.2%; Factor 2 (4 items) 'response' explained 12.9%; Factor 3 (4 items) 'reaction' explained 12.9%; Factor 4 (2 items) 'result-nursing' explained 10.2%; and Factor 5 (2 items) 'result-violence offender' explained 9.6%. The internal consistency, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, was .87, and reliability of the sub-scales ranged from .72 to .83. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that HVAS-18 can be an useful, reliable, and valid instrument for measuring hospital violence attitude of clinical nurses.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 2020

Background: The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) for Dyspnea was developed to assess multidimensional dyspnea using two subscales (experience of dyspnea and functional limitation) and a total score. Objects: This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the FACIT-dyspnea 10-item short form questionnaire (FACIT-dyspnea-K). Methods: Subjects were 163 patients with cancer. Dyspnea-related scales (modified Medical Research Council scale [mMRC], European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 [EORTC QLQ-C30], Hospital Anxiety and Depression [HAD], and WHO Performance Scale) were used to validate the FACIT-dyspnea-K. Results: Internal consistency was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha values of 0.90 and 0.95 in factors 1 and 2, respectively. Convergence validity was determined by comparing the two factors and total score of the FACIT-dyspnea-K with conceptually related assessment tools measuring the physical and emotional effects of dyspnea, with which correlations ranged from 0.364 to 0.567. Criterion validity was established by significant differences in the FACIT-dyspnea-K score between groups when the patients were classified by performance status as assessed by the WHO performance scale. Furthermore, the FACIT-dyspnea-K showed notable correlations with other dyspnea scales (mMRC, EORTC QLQ-C30, and HAD) for cancer patients (r = 0.28 to 0.54). The test-retest reliability of the two factors and total score of the FACIT-dyspnea-K appeared to be excellent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96 to 0.97). Conclusion: This study supports FACIT-dyspnea-K as a valid and reliable instrument to assess the dyspnea experience of cancer patients in clinical settings.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.24 no.1 s.44
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 1994

This study was attempted to explore the relationship between locus of control and the discomfort of the patients at the initial stage of the orthodontic treatment. Locus of control was measured by 'Locus of Control(LOC) scale for children' and 'Orthodontic Locus of Control(OLOC) scale for children'. The discomfort was measured by 'discomfort index card' in 52 children and adolescent patients who initiate orthodontic treatment. In addition, locus of control of the patients' mothers was measured by 'Orthodontic Locus of Control(OLU) scale for parents'. The results were as follows : 1. The test-retest reliability of 'Locus of Control(LOC) scale for children' and 'Orthodontic Locus of Control(OLOC) scale' was in the moderate to high range. 2. Out of 52 patients, 47 showed moderate to severe discomfort following placement of an initial archwire. The patients showed the most severe discomfort on the first day, and most of the discomfort was manifested within the first 3 days, then decreased until the 7th day. There was no significant difference in the discomfort according to sex and age. 3. The discomfort of the patients was the highest in the morning session when a day was divided into 4 sessions, i.e., morning, afternoon, evening, and night. 4. In the score of 'Locus of Control(LOC) scale for children' and 'Orthodontic Locus of Control(OLOC) scale for children', the group of internal locus of control expressed more discomfort than the group of external locus of control. And there was no significant correlation between locus of control of the patients and that of their mothers. 5. There was no significant difference in the score of locus of control according to sex and me. However, the score of boys tended to be lower than that of girls and the score of primary school students higher than that of middle and high school students.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 1982

Korean versions of British Medical Research Council (MRC), Cornell Medical Index(CMI), and American Thoracic Society 78 (ATS-DLD-78) respiratory questionaires were compared with each other, and were tested the stability, in terms of test-retest reliability, of each questions by self-administration of those to 156 medical students. The results obtained and conclusions drawn are as follow: 1. The degree of agreements between responses to the comparable questions of CMI vs MRC, and of CMI vs ATS-DLD-78 were not satisfactory. There were, however, $71{\sim}100$ per cent of agreement between responses to the questions on Cough, Wheezing, Phlegm, Breathlessness, and Chest illness of ATS-DLD-78 vs MRC questionaire. And the ATS-DLD-78 tended to yield greater number of positive responses than MRC (See Table 4). 2. All of the coefficient of stability of each questions in 3 questionaires were statistically significant, ranged $77{\sim}100$ per cent, except that of the question on episode of cough and phlegm in ATS-DLD-78 questionaire (See Table 5-1). The question is composed of two collateral conditions, 'lasting for 3 weeks or more' and 'each year'. 3. It can be insisted that the Section-B questions of CMI is not proper for use in epidemiologic survey on respiratory illness. And rather than MRC, the ATS-DLD-78 questionaire deserves to prefer to be used in epidemiologic studies on respiratory illness. 4. In question-wording, especially, of inquiring past experience, it is possible to lessen the reliability of the question that including collateral conditions such as 'the duration lasted of symptoms', and moreover, of which words are not common usage. For example, for Korean '10days' or 'half a month' is more familiar time unit rather than 'week'.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.83-92
• /
• 2005

Computer-assisted motional analysis is a popular method in biomechanical studies. Validation of the specific system and its measurement are fundamental to its application in the areas. Because the accuracy and consistency of a particular system provide the researchers with critical information to assist in making judgements regarding the degree to which inferences can be drawn from measurement data. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy and consistency of the Kwon3D motion analysis system. Validation parameters were five lengths from eight landmarkers in combination with the DLT reconstruction error values, digitizing monitor resolutions, and numbers of control points. With the best setting, Kwon3D's estimations of 260cm, 200cm, 140cm, 100cm, and 20cm were $260.33{\pm}.688cm$, $199.98{\pm}.625cm$, $139.89{\pm}.537cm$, $99.75{\pm}.466cm$, $20.08{\pm}.114$, respectively. There was no significant DLT error value difference between two monitor resolutions, but 0.27cm significant difference in 260cm estimation. There were significant differences in 260cm and 200cm estimations between with 33-control-point DLT error and with 17-control-point DLT error, but no in 140cm, 100cm, and 20cm estimations. Test-retest results showed that Kwon3D measurements were highly consistent with reliability coefficients alpha of .9263 and above.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2009

Objectives : As depression falls into the category of Wuljeung, Gamiguibi-Tang(Jiaweiguipitang) is the standard prescription to cure Wuljeung. This study develops a questionnaire for building the guidelines to administer Gamiguibi-Tang to depression and evaluates reliability and validity of questionnaire. Methods : With extracting the text related to depression and Gamiguibi-Tang through total 9 Korean medicine books and consulting the experts, the study selected 80 items and converted them into a questionnaire. It surveyed the neuropsychiatry professors and the medical specialists three times by Delphi method, and lastly selected 21 final items of a questionnaire. On the basis of the questionnaire, it collected total 216 samples and tested their reliability and validity. Results : 21 items all didn't reduce total Cronbach alpha coefficient and satisfied test-retest reliability. As a result of factor analysis, totally 5 factors were extracted such as mental state, sleep, accompaniment, fatigue and weakness. Finally, in comparing a depression group with a normal control group, two groups all showed meaningful difference in each 21 items' point, the sum of factor 1 to 5 items' points, and the sum of 21 items' points. Conclusions : The questionnaire on the updated depression prescription guideline of Gamiguibi-Tang satisfied both of reliability and validity. Later it can help objectifying to apply Gamiguibi-Tang to depression cure.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.346-354
• /
• 2014

The study was performed to determine the reliability and validity of the 'Qi Blood Yin Yang Deficiency Questionnaire (Qi Blood Yin Yang DQ)' for the 100 subjects with chronic fatigue. After 100 subjects respond to the 'Qi Blood Yin Yang DQ', Korean medical doctor classified the subjects into 4 groups such as Qi deficiency group, Blood deficiency group, Yin deficiency group and Yang deficiency group. 100 subjects were retested in the same way after 3 weeks. The reliability and the validity of the questionnaire were inspected. Internal consistency of the 'Qi Blood Yin Yang DQ' was excellent (Cronbach alpha 0.916). Test-retest reliability was good (intra-class correlation coefficient 0.699). Construct validity analyzed by exploratory factor analysis produced 4 factors, which were selected from eigenvalues that are greater than 1.0. The 'Qi Blood Yin Yang DQ' consisted of 4 factors. The factor 1, 2, 3 and 4 showed 'Qi deficiency', 'Yin deficiency', 'Yang deficiency' and 'Blood deficiency' respectively. The 'Qi Blood Yin Yang DQ' restructured in this study may provide a fundamental questionnaire and a further study is required for a more advanced, standardized and statistically proven questionnaire.

• Anxiety and mood
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.123-131
• /
• 2017

Objective : The PTSD Checklist (PCL) is a self-report screen for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that can be scored for both diagnostic assessment and symptom severity measurement. The most recent revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) contains a number of changes to the definition of PTSD, and the aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the PCL for the DSM-5 (PCL-5-K). Methods : The participants were 204 Korean veterans of the Vietnam War who completed the PCL-5-K, the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), PTSD module of Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, Research Version (SCID5-RV PTSD module), Korean version of Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R-K) and Combat Exposure Scale (CES-K). Results : The PCL-5-K demonstrated good internal consistency (${\alpha}=0.972$) and test-retest reliability (r=0.96); the suggested cut-off score for PTSD diagnosis was ${\geq}37$ with 0.88 sensitivity and 0.96 specificity. The PCL-5-K scale correlated highly with the IES-R-K and CES-K. Factor analysis identified only one factor. Conclusion : Among elderly Korean veterans of the Vietnam War, the PCL-5-K demonstrated similar psychometric qualities to those of both the original PCL and subsequent versions. It is expected that the PCL-5-K will be a useful PTSD screening tool.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.433-441
• /
• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to develop a dish-based semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Korean adolescents and evaluate its reproducibility and validity. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Based on 24-hour dietary recall data from the 4th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), we developed a FFQ with 71 items. From a quota sample of 160 adolescents recruited using gender and age group as stratification variables, 153 participated in the complete data collection process. The FFQ was administered to each subject twice, at an interval of 3-4 weeks, to evaluate the test-retest reliability. The validity of the FFQ was assessed relative to 8-day food record data. RESULTS: The study findings demonstrated the FFQ's satisfactory reproducibility. Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from 0.64(for ${\beta}-carotene$) to 0.81(for protein). From cross-classification analyses, the proportion of subjects in the same intake quartile was highest for protein (65.4%) and lowest for vitamin A(47.1%). With regard to validity analysis, Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from 0.27(for vitamin A and fiber) to 0.90 (for energy). The proportions of subjects in the opposite categories between the first FFQ and the 8-day food record data were generally low within the range from 0.74% (for energy and carbohydrate) to 13.2% (for ${\beta}-carotene$). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the dish-based semiquantitative FFQ developed in this study can be useful for grouping Korean adolescents according to major macro- and micronutrient intakes with reasonable reproducibility and validity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.2739-2745
• /
• 2014

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is a fundamental outcome in oncology patients and quality of life (QOL) assessment requires clinically relevant questionnaires. The purpose of this study was translation and definition of measurement properties and the clinical validity of Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ)-OG25 module in Persian patients with oesophagus, oesophagogastric junction (OGJ) or gastric cancers. Materials and Methods: The translation procedure followed European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) guidelines. Both EORTC QLQ-OG25 and a core questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) were administered to patients with oesophagus (150), OG junction (93) and gastric (32) cancer undergoing multi-modal treatments. Convergent and discriminant validity, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and known-groups comparisons were used to examine reliability and validity. Results: In all, 275 patients (mean age 62 years) completed both questionnaires. Compliance rate was high and the questionnaire module was well accepted. We found good reliability for multi-item subscales of QLQ-OG25 (Cronbach's alpha coefficients 0.76-0.89). About 73% had TNM staging and scales distinguished between clinically distinct groups of patients. However, patients in palliative group experienced compromised functional status and worse treatment-associated symptoms than those in the potentially curative group. Test-retest scores were consistent. Multi-trait scaling analysis demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusions: Overall, the Persian version of QLQ-OG25 demonstrated psychometric and clinical validity that supports its application as a supplement to the original tool (EORTC QLQ-C30) when assessing HRQL in patients with upper-gastrointestinal (GI) cancer both in curative and palliative phases.