• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.302-309
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate toxic effects of iso-butylalcohol (iBA) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats under the exposure of 6 hours a day, 5 days a week for 13 weeks by inhalation, and to evaluate the occupational safety of iBA in comparison with the permissible exposure level (PEL) stipulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). iBA did not induce any abnormal changes from the aspects of clinical signs, feed consumption, ophthalmic test, urinalysis, hematology and blood chemistry during and at the terminal of the inhalation toxicity tests. We did not find any abnormal findings in the gross and microscopic observations due to the inhalation of iBA. There was no alteration in relative organ weights by the inhalation of iBA. No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of iBA was considered to be more than 3,000 ppm in rats under the inhalation of 6 hours a day, 5 days a week for 13 weeks. Fifty ppm of iBA, the PEL regulated by OSHA, is too conservative for working places. As iBA showed no abnormal observations in all the experimental parameters at any concentration under this experimental condition, we suggest that 150 ppm is safe enough for the PEL of iBA in the working areas, even taking into onsideration that OSHA lowered the PEL to 50 ppm for fear of the probable risk of its skin irritation.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.241-248
• /
• 2007

To clarify the growth mechanisms of thyroid tumors, we investigated apoptotic cells in 88 thyroid tumors, consisting of 24 adenomas, 58 papillary thyroid carcinomas, and 6 undifferentiated carcinoma, using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate digoxigenin-nick end labeling (TUNEL). The cell proliferating marker was also evaluated immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody to Ki-67 antigen (MIB-1) in the same tumors. The apoptosis was expressed as a percentage of the TUNEL-positive cells in the tumor cells, and a proliferating marker, being the percentage of Ki-67 positive cells, was counted up each tumor. The statistical analysis were used analysis of variance (ANOVA) and student's t-test that were analyze the differences in the rate of each histological types of the thyroid tumors. The overall level of apoptosis was extremely low in all histological types of the thyroid tumors analyzed, the mean apoptosis being $0.31{\pm}0.40$ in adenoma, $0.55{\pm}0.48 $in papillary thyroid carcinoma, and $4.60{\pm}3.27$ in undifferentiated carcinoma. The Ki-67 protein in the thyroid tumor subtypes was significantly lower in adenoma and papillary carcinoma, at $2.45{\pm}2.99$ and $6.27{\pm}4.42$, respectively, than that in undifferentiated carcinoma at $26.47{\pm}23.88$ (p<0.0001). There was no correlation between clinicopathological factors and apoptosis or Ki-67 in papillary thyroid carcinoma. In conclusion, our findings suggest that apoptosis occurs infrequently in thyroid tumor, and that cell proliferating maker Ki-67 markedly differs according to the thyroid tumor subtypes. Moreover, the ratio between proliferating cells and apoptotic cells may reflect thyroid tumor progression.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.109-117
• /
• 2020

Cre recombinase is widely used to manipulate DNA sequences for both in vitro and in vivo research. Attachment of a trans-activator of transcription (TAT) sequence to Cre allows TAT-Cre to penetrate the cell membrane, and the addition of a nuclear localization signal (NLS) helps the enzyme to translocate into the nucleus. Since the yield of recombinant TAT-Cre is limited by formation of inclusion bodies, we hypothesized that the positively charged arginine-rich TAT sequence causes the inclusion body formation, whereas its neutralization by the addition of a negatively charged sequence improves solubility of the protein. To prove this, we neutralized the positively charged TAT sequence by proximally attaching a negatively charged poly-glutamate (E12) sequence. We found that the E12 tag improved the solubility and yield of E12-TAT-NLS-Cre (E12-TAT-Cre) compared with those of TAT-NLS-Cre (TAT-Cre) when expressed in E. coli. Furthermore, the growth of cells expressing E12-TAT-Cre was increased compared with that of the cells expressing TAT-Cre. Efficacy of the purified TAT-Cre was confirmed by a recombination test on a floxed plasmid in a cell-free system and 293 FT cells. Taken together, our results suggest that attachment of the E12 sequence to TAT-Cre improves its solubility during expression in E. coli (possibly by neutralizing the ionic-charge effects of the TAT sequence) and consequently increases the yield. This method can be applied to the production of transducible proteins for research and therapeutic purposes.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.199-207
• /
• 2003

The present study examined that in vivo/vitro test is investigated in normotensive sham-operated rats(NSR) and aldosterone-analogue deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats(ADHR) and that the antiliypertensive effect was induced by silver spike point(SSP) electrical stimulation at meridian points(CV-3, -4, Ki-12, SP-6, LR-3, BL-25, -28, -32, -52), specifically, such as aldosterone in 24 hour urine analysis from normal volunteer. The heart weight, the tickness of vascular wall, collagen fiber and the systolic blood pressure were significantly increased in ADHR than that in NSR. The required time of PSS-induced resting tone and the phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase(SAPK/JNK) were significantly increased in ADHR than that in NSR. However, the Kv currents were significantly decreased in ADHR than that in NSR. The current of 1 Hz continue type of SSP electrical stimulation significantly decreased in excretion of urine aldosterone from normal volunteer. These results suggest that the development of aldosterone analogue-induced hypertension is associated with changed heart weight, content of collagen fiber, tickness of vascular wall, blood pressure, resting tone, voltage-dependent K+ current(Kv) and phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK, which directly affects blood pressure. Therefore the hypertension is a risk factor on cerebrovascular disease. Moreover, These results suggest that the SSP electrical stimulation, especially current of 1 Hz continue type, significantly regulates excretion of urine aldosterone from volunteer.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.178-184
• /
• 2015

This work aims to utilize wastes from the potato starch industry to produce single-cell protein (SCP) with high lysine content as animal feed. In this work, S-(2-aminoethyl)-_L-cysteine hydrochloride-resistant Bacillus pumilus E1 was used to produce SCP with high lysine content, whereas Aspergillus niger was used to degrade cellulose biomass and Candida utilis was used to improve the smell and palatability of the feed. An orthogonal design was used to optimize the process of fermentation for maximal lysine content. The optimum fermentation conditions were as follows: temperature of 40℃, substrate concentration of 3%, and natural pH of about 7.0. For unsterilized potato starch wastes, the microbial communities in the fermentation process were determined by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Results showed that the dominant population was Bacillus sp. The protein quality as well as the amino acid profile of the final product was found to be significantly higher compared with the untreated waste product at day 0. Additionally, acute toxicity test showed that the SCP product was non-toxic, indicating that it can be used for commercial processing.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.77-82
• /
• 2011

The export of the containers consists of two steps, carrying them into the container yard and, then, out to the ship. For the safety of the ship, the heavier container should be loaded at the lower part of the ship. Because of this, the container rehandling happens during carrying out to the ship, and the number of the rehandling container is an important factor for the loading and unloading capability. There has been many studies for utilizing the idle times after loading the containers in the container yard. This study suggests the method of decreasing the number of container rehandling by preprocessing the container using the information about the weight of the container. This method is the preprocessing one which can decrease, during carrying into the container yard, the number of container rehandling which can happen during carrying out to the ship, and, according to the simulation test, it showed to be more effective than other method.

• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.11 no.1 s.20
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 2007

This paper proposes a detection method of position of OFF-switch. Each switch has the parallel path with a serial combination of passive element, its parallel path has each different frequency characteristics. Frequency characteristic of ON-switch reveals a flat spectrum irrelevant to frequency characteristic of passive element connected in parallel to its each terminal and frequency characteristic of OFF-switch reveals the same characteristic as one of passive element connected in parallel. Detection of position of OFF-switch is done by measuring the similarity of each spectrum corresponding to frequency characteristic of passive element connected in parallel to OFF-switch. The measure of their similarity is to calculate Euclidean distance between their test spectrum and reference spectrum. The spectrum with the smallest distance among reference spectrum is recognized as the spectrum of OFF-switch. The real time digital signal processing system is implemented to detect the position of OFF-switch by using spectrum matching.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.73-80
• /
• 2008

With the introduction of the video display terminal (VDT), the efficiency and productivity of work has improved. However, VDT syndrome is threatening the health of workers as a side effect of prolonged use of a VDT. Among various VDT syndromes, the musculoskeletal disorder, especially, the cumulative trauma disorder (CTD) is the common research topic related with upper extremities function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the wrist-hand orthosis (WHO) on fatigue in middle deltoid, anterior deltoid, serratus anterior, and upper trapezius during one-hour computer keyboard typing. Twelve healthy subjects participated in this study. Surface electromyography was used to assess the localized muscle fatigue (LMF), and the LMF was calculated at 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 40 minutes, and 60 minutes in each muscle, with and without the WHO. Data were analyzed by paired t-test with a level of significance of .05. The results of this study are as follows: 1) At 10 minutes, the LMF decreased significantly with applied WHO in the middle deltoid, anterior deltoid, and upper trapezius (p=.001, p=.026, p=.019, respectively). 2) As the computer keyboard typing period increased, there were no significant LMF differences, except for the upper trapezius. Therefore, it can be concluded that the WHO can be applied to decrease the LMF for the initial 10 minute period in the middle deltoid, anterior deltoid, and upper trapezius' but that the long term effect of WHO in reducing the LMF was proven only in upper trapezius during continued computer keyboard typing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.20-25
• /
• 2004

On July $18^{th}$, 2003, Incheon International Airport Corporation(lIAC) signed the Construction Management Service Contract with KIDS consortium (composed of Kun-Won Eng., ITM Corp, Do-Hwa Eng, Space Croup) for the $2^{nd}$ phase construction protect consists of landfill, $\#3$ runway, remote Concourse, IAT, BHS, cargo terminal, etc scheduled to be finished by the end of 2008. KIDS dispatched qualified engineers to the Construction Management Division of IIAC for providing technical assistance to IIAC members to pursue project goals in tulle. within budget with appropriate quality level to build one of leading hul] airports for the Northeast Asia legion in the $21^{st}$ century. The work scope covers upgrading various project procedures and related computer programs, cost and schedule control, design supervision for building design including support systerns such as HVAC, fire protection, elevators and escalators, boarding bridges, electrical and communication systems, and technical support for IAT/BHS, QA/QC, field test and inspection, start-up and commissioning, etc. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the major activities of the Construction Management Services performing at the IIA project for your reference.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.87-98
• /
• 2012

Purpose : This study aims to examine hospital employees' subjective symptoms of VDT syndrome (Video display terminal syndrome) and figure out their effects on health conditions and correlations. Materials and Methods : This study used a structured self-administering questionnaire and gained data from 125 subjects. The questionnaire consists of total 62 questions, and they went through real number, percentage, ${\chi}^2$-terst, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis. Results : Regarding the difference in the types of subjective symptoms of VDT syndrome by jobs, there was statistically significant difference in ophthalmic symptoms, systemic symptoms, and musculoskeletal symptoms. About the correlation between the subjective symptom points of VDT syndrome by the types of symptoms, there was statistically significant correlation all in skin trouble, backache, upper limb muscle pain, lower limb muscle pain, fatigue in the head and eyes, and depression or anxiety disorders. There was significant correlation between the subjective symptom points of VDT syndrome and subjective health conditions. Conclusion : Hospital employees' subjective health conditions had significant correlation with subjective symptom points of VDT syndrome. This result shows that as radiologists' and also other hospital employees' working conditions change into VDT environment, VDT syndrome gradually appears more and more. This implies that it is needed to designate not only radiologists but also all the other hospital employees as jobs exposed to the working environment of VDT syndrome and provide preventive measures, education, and publicity for it afterwards.