• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.51-65
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• 2006

This study is to evaluate the morality of teenagers with regard to features of justice. On the basis of the findings, an online morality level test system is designed and implemented to help students understand themselves better and to increase moral maturity through this self-test method based on Kohlberg's Morality Development Level. The main purpose of this study is to help students test and evaluate their morality, and it will be contributed to slough off egocentrism and to orient a relationship based on a mutual respect by using the embodied system. If this system can be applied successfully, an effective improvement on students' further education guidance may be gained because the test and its results are made in the system simultaneously. Also this easy and fast test system can attain much more economical effects than a written test.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.16 no.4 s.34
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• pp.9-26
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• 2004

The purposes of this study are to develop and apply the student activity centered career exploring program and to verify effectiveness on the students' career maturity level. The subjects of this study were 137 students. 4 classes of a middle school in Jinju. They were divided into two groups, the experimental group and the control group. For experiment, the career exploring program was input to the experimental group for 14 class hours. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The student activity centered career exploring program applied to the unit $\ulcorner$The Choice of Career and Job Morals$\lrcorner$ was effective in raising the attitude of the career maturity level. As the result of verifying the differences. there was a statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in the planning quality and the attitude of works. 2. The student activity centered career exploring program applied to the unit $\ulcorner$The Choice of Career and Job Morals$\lrcorner$ was effective in raising the ability field of the career maturity level. The experimental group showed more statistically meaningful differences in the knowledge of jobs, the information exploring, and the self-understanding than the control group. Consequently. the effects of the student activity centered career exploring program on the career maturity level in the unit $\ulcorner$The Choice of Career and Job Morals$\lrcorner$. all the fields of the career maturity level showed the statistically meaningful differences except the independence quality of the attitude field and the decision making of the ability field. So it is concluded that the experiment program elevated the students' career maturity level. However. as the result of analysing independent sample t-test of the pre-test and the post-test. the program was ineffective in the independence quality and the decision making. When this career exploring program is applied to the unit $\ulcorner$The Choice of Career and Job Morals$\lrcorner$. it is recommended to strengthen the activities to cultivate the independence quality and the decision making power.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.309-315
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• 2020

This study examines the accounting students' level of moral development at the university. In this study, we focused on the effects of ethics subject and gender on moral development. Therefore, we compare the moral development of male and female students. We evaluated 216 students in Cognitive Moral Development (CMD) from 17 universities in Indonesia. We measured CMD with the Defining Issues Test (DIT) model developed by Rest in 1986. The findings show that there is no difference in DIT scores between students who have taken the ethics subject and who have not taken. We also confirm female students have a higher DIT score than male students. Our study results show that gender plays an important role in the ethics issue. Our study strengthens the previous research about the effect of ethics study and ethics courses on CMD. This study has an implication for ethics education in university wherein the curriculum or the system should be prepared carefully. Although the results of this study did not show that ethics subject has a strong impact on students' CMD, we still believe that the ethics course plays a significant role in the accountants' morals. For that reason, we argue that morals need time to be developed, and cannot be taught in a short-term course. Future research is needed to explore more about this issue.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.366-373
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• 2020

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between moral distress and the quality of nursing care. Methods: This cross-sectional correlation study included nurses working at oncology nursing units of two secondary general hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, Korea. A total of 207 nurses participated. Moral distress was measured by the Moral Distress Scale-Revised Nurse Questionnaire and quality of nursing care was evaluated by the Quality of Oncology Nursing Care Scale. Data were collected from October 5 to 31, 2018. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results: The quality of oncology nursing care showed a negative correlation with moral distress (r=-.19, p=.007). The factors affecting the quality of oncology nursing care were religion (β=-.22, p=.001), clinical experience in oncology units (β=.27, p=.007), and moral distress (β=-.16, p=.018). Moral distress showed a statistically significant predictive power of 13% in the regression model (F=8.70, p=<.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that management of moral distress is important to increase the quality of oncology nursing care.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.678-688
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing nurses' performance of care in COVID-19 wards. Methods: The participants were 132 nurses who worked in COVID-19 wards at three hospitals, and were recruited from April 1 to May 31, 2021. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 24.0 program. Results: Nursing performance was significantly and positively correlated with ethical sensitivity (r = .75, p < .001), nursing professionalism (r = .67, p < .001), and social support (r = .67, p < .001). Nursing professionalism was positively correlated with ethical sensitivity (r = .64, p < .001) and social support (r = .55, p < .001). Multiple regression analysis for nursing performance revealed that the most significant factor was ethical sensitivity (β = .47, p < .001). Ethical sensitivity, nursing professionalism, and social support explained 66.0% of total variance in nursing performance. Conclusion: Ethical sensitiviy, nursing professionalism, and social support significantly influence nurses' performace of care in COVID-19 wards. It suggests that intervention programs should be directed at improving nurses' ethical sensitivity, bolstering social support, and enhancing nursing professionalism.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.347-355
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand morality identity, occupational stress and authentic leadership and identify factors contributing to turnover intention among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses. Methods: Data were collected from 230 nurses at the university hospitals in Daegu, Ulsan and Busan between February 15 and March 23, 2017. Instruments measuring turnover intention, moral identity, occupational stress, and authentic leadership were utilized. Statistical analysis included t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlational analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: A total of 207 nurses in ICU participated in this study. The power of explanation with age and dependents on turnover intention was 4.1%. With inclusion of occupational stress, moral identity, and authentic leadership factors put into the model, further 20.4% was explained. The explanatory power of the turnover intention in the final model was 23.6% (F=11.63 p<.001), and occupational stress was the key factor explaining turnover intention (${\beta}=.28$, p<.001). Predictive factors contributing to turnover intention were age, occupational stress, moral identity, and authentic leadership in final model. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated occupational stress, moral identity and authentic leadership as critical factors contributing turnover intention of ICU nurses. It is necessary to promote nursing manager's authentic leadership, and to encourage moral identity in ICU nurses. In addition, providing intervention programs to reduce occupational stress for ICU nurses is necessary.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2020

Background: The present study aimed to provide basic data to establish a foundation for efficient operation of the organization by identifying the effects of factors related to moral sensitivity and psychological well-being on job engagement of clinical dental hygienists. Methods: This cross-sectional survey consisted of self-administration questionnaires. After the approval by the Institutional Review Board, a survey was conducted from September 2019 to November 2019, targeting dental hygienists with clinical experience of 1 year or more. A total of 189 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 for Windows. The data were analyzed using average standard deviation, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results: According to job-related characteristics, higher job engagement was associated with more amount of clinical experience, less turnover intention, higher positions, and occasional job fatigue. Job engagement was improved by increasing moral sensitivity and psychological well-being of clinical dental hygienists. The factors affecting job engagement revealed that along with clinical career, the sub-areas of job engagement, namely turnover intention, moral sensitivity, and psychological well-being had statistically significant influence on job engagement and the explanatory power of the model was approximately 44.8%. Conclusion: Joy of working as a clinical dental hygienist, clinical career, turnover intention, moral sensitivity, and psychological well-being were confirmed as influencing factors that affected job engagement of clinical dental hygienists. It is necessary to establish an effective plan to improve job engagement by increasing moral sensitivity and psychological well-being of clinical dental hygienists.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.214-224
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• 2018

Purpose: This study examines the effectiveness of an educational program of nursing biomedical ethics for nursing students to increase awareness of the Code of Ethics for Nurses, moral sensitivity, and application of the Code of Ethics for Nurses. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design and t-test were used. The experimental group (n=31) and control group (n=32) were second-year university nursing students in two major cities. The experimental group received 15 hours of nursing ethics education during the 15-week semester. The training was not provided to the control group. Results: The application of the Code of Ethics for Nurses increased significantly in the experimental group (t=-1.06, p=.017), nurses and patient (t=-2.23, p=.029), obligation of nurse as an expert (t=-2.08, p=.042), nurse and cooperator (t=-2.54, p=.014). The consciousness of biomedical ethics increased significantly in the experimental group (t=4.28, p=.021), newborn's right to live (t=-2.61, p=.011), euthanasia (t=-2.36, p=.021). Conclusion: The results of the study show that providing a nursing biomedical ethics program to nursing students is an effective method to enhance the application of the Code of Ethics for Nurses and Consciousness of Biomedical Ethics. Implementing an intervention program of the Code of Ethics for Nurses in the regular nursing curriculum may reduce conflicts involving ethical decision making by nurses.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.151-161
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• 2017

This methodological study was conducted to test a Professional Moral Courage Scale(PMCS) translated in Korean for 196 nursing students in Changwon, Korea. Data were collected from January 13 to February 20, 2017. An internal consistency reliability and construct validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted. These items were categorized into 4 factors explained 62.20% of the total variance. 4 factor model was validated by CFA(${\chi}2/df=1.89$, p<.001, RMR=.055, GFI=.93, AGFI=.89, CFI=.92, RMSEA=.067). The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was .79 and the reliability of subscales ranged from .44 to .80. The results show that this scale can provide scientific and empirical data when evaluating the PMCS of further clinical nurses, it is meaningful in the sense that it is the first attempt to measure the moral courage needed to provide a good nursing.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.150-167
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• 2001

This cross sectional study was done to find out the situation of computer online pornography access by 4th to 6th grade elementary school students. The subjects of this study were three elementary schools in Andong, which were selected randomly and 120 students randomly selected from 4th to 6th grade for a total of 360 students. The questionnaire was composed with the help of a community health nursing professor and through the reference review. The collected data were analysed by a PC SPSS 10.0 according to school grade and sex, an 12-test was implemented to learn what percent of students have computers and software which prohibit the viewing of online pornography, access motivation and time, content viewed, attitude after accessing the contents, and opinions about computer online pornography. The results of this study were as follows. 1. A total of 86.1% of students had computers at home. Most students placed computers in their own room, 78.9% of students had computer online communication experience. Higher grade students tended to have more experience of communications on the internet (P<0.001). Most students chatted on the internet once or twice a week and higher grade students tended to communicate online more frequently. (P<0.001). Most students used computers more than one hour a day (P<0.05). They used computers according to the following priorities: game, studying, listening to music, communications, chatting. 2. Regarding the frequency of going computer online more than seven times per week, male students showed a higher frequency than female students (P<0.05). Male students used computers more than one hour a day and female students less than half an hour (P<0.001). Male students mostly used computers to play computer games. On the other hand. female students used the computer to study, listen to music, and chat (P<0.001). 3. Regarding software installation to prevent access of computer online pornography, a total of 19.4% of students responded they installed one. but 80.6% didn't have any, 20.3% of students had accessed pornography, 46.6% of students responded. they first get to know to the computer online pornography through friends. 4. The reasons for accessing computer online pornography were ranked as follows: curiosity, interest, to release stress, and sex drive (P<0.05). Obscene contents were found in computer games, pictures, and video. Among these, pictures were the most common. 5. Regarding students' attitude toward online pornography, most students responded that they took much pleasure in the contents (P<0.05). 6. Regarding the question 'Does online pornography degrade morals and cause a sex crime', most students responded as 'no'. They also responded positively to the suggestion that the contents would be effective in preventing sex crimes and to release stress. 74.7% of students responded that males' access of the contents as proper but females' access as immoral. Regarding social efforts to protect students from this harmful environment. most replied that those efforts were unnecessary (P<0.001).