• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.414-427
• /
• 2020

The finite element method is used to simulate the navigation of an ice-area bulk carrier in broken ice fields. The ice material is defined as elastic, and the simulations are accomplished at four model speeds and three ice concentrations. The movements of ice floes in the simulation are consistent with those in the model test, and the percentage deviation of the numerical ice resistance from the ice resistance in the model test can be controlled to be less than 15 %. The key characteristics of ice loads, including the average ice loads, extreme ice loads, and characteristic frequency, are analyzed thoroughly in a comprehensive manner. Moreover, the effects of sailing speed and ice concentration on the ice loads are analyzed. In particular, the stress distribution of ice floes is presented to help understand how model speed and concentration affect the ice loads. The "ice pressure" phenomenon is observed at 90 % ice concentration, and it is realistically reflected both in the time―and frequency―domain ice force curves.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제7권5호
• /
• pp.735-751
• /
• 2014

In the previous paper, authors proposed the unified equivalent frame method (UEFM) for the lateral behavior analysis of the flat plate structure subjected to the combined gravity and lateral loads, in which the rotations of torsional members were distributed to the equivalent column and the equivalent slab according to the relative ratio of gravity and lateral loads. In this paper, the lateral behavior of the multi-span flat plate structures under various levels of combined gravity and lateral loads were analyzed by the proposed UEFM, which were compared with test results as well as those estimated by existing models. In addition, to consider the stiffness degradation of the flat plate system after cracking, the stiffness reduction factors for torsional members were derived from the test results of the interior and exterior slab-column connection specimens, based on which the simplified nonlinear push-over analysis method for flat plate structures was proposed. The simplified nonlinear analysis method provided good agreements with test results and is considered to be very useful for the practical design of the flat plate structures under the combined gravity and lateral loads.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.489-499
• /
• 2024

Infill masonry walls are vulnerable to lateral loads, including seismic, wind, and concentrated push loads. Various strengthening metal fittings have been proposed to improve lateral load resistance, particularly against seismic loads. This study introduces the use of post-compressed wedges as a novel reinforcement method for infill masonry walls to enhance lateral load resistance. The resistance of the infill masonry wall against lateral-concentrated push loads was assessed using an out-of-plane push-over test on specimens sized 2,300×2,410×190 mm³. The presence or absence of wedges and wedge spacing were set as variables. The push-over test results showed that both the unreinforced specimen and the specimen reinforced with 300 mm spaced wedges toppled, while the specimen reinforced with 100 mm spaced wedges remained upright. Peak loads were measured to be 0.74, 29.77, and 5.88 kN for unreinforced specimens and specimens reinforced with 100 mm and 300 mm spaced wedges, respectively. Notably, a tighter reinforcement spacing yielded a similar strength, as expected, which was attributed to the increased friction force between the masonry wall and steel frame. The W-series specimens exhibited a trend comparable to that of the displacement ductility ratio. Overall, the findings validate that post-compressed wedges improve the out-of-plane strength of infill masonry walls.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.439-450
• /
• 2023

In this study, the impact load resulting from collision with the fuel rods of surrogate spent nuclear fuel (SNF) assemblies was measured during a rolling test based on an analysis of the data from surrogate SNF-loaded sea transportation tests. Unfortunately, during the sea transportation tests, excessive rolling motion occurred on the ship during the test, causing the assemblies to slip and collide with the canister. Hence, we designed and conducted a separate test to simulate rolling in sea transportation to determine whether such impact loads can occur under normal conditions of SNF transport, with the test conditions for the fuel assembly to slide within the basket experimentally determined. Rolling tests were conducted while varying the rolling angle and frequency to determine the angles and frequencies at which the assemblies experienced slippage. The test results show that slippage of SNF assemblies can occur at angles of approximately 14° or greater because of rolling motion, which can generate impact loads. However, this result exceeds the conditions under which a vessel can depart for coastal navigation, thus deviating from the normal conditions required for SNF transport. Consequently, it is not necessary to consider such loads when evaluating the integrity of SNFs under normal transportation conditions.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.115-121
• /
• 2002

본 논문은 KTX-1 기본훈련기 방향타 조종계통의 정적 하중 시험을 요약한 것이다. 방향타 콘트롤 시스템 정적 하중시험은 정하중 구조 시험용 KTX-1 #004호기에 장착 상태에서 실시하였으며 사용되는 모든 부품은 실제와 동일한 것으로 장착하고 정적하중 시험을 실시하였다. 시험하중 조건은 설계 제한하중(Design Limit Load)과 설계 극한하중(Design Ultimate Load)까지 시험을 수행하며, 전방석과 후방석 패달에 동시하중을 작용하는 경우 중복하중계수(Dual Factor)까지 고려하였다. 이 시험의 요구하중은 MIL-A-8855(USAF)의 요구조건에 따라 수행하였으며, 방향타 콘트롤 시스템 시험 결과는 미 군사규격 요구조건을 만족하였다.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.277-294
• /
• 2018

In the space industry, structures undergo several vibration and acoustic tests in order to verify their design and give confidence that they will survive the launch and other critical in-orbit dynamic scenarios. At component level, vibration tests are conducted with the aim to reach local or global interface loads without exceeding the design loads. So, it is often necessary to control and limit the input based on a load criterion. This means the test engineer should be able to assess the interface loads, even when load cannot be measured. This paper presents various approaches to evaluate interface loads using measured accelerations and by referring to mass operators. Various methods, from curve fitting techniques to finite element-based methods are presented. The methods are compared using signals with known imperfection to identify strengths and weaknesses of each mass operator definition.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.62-68
• /
• 1994

The analysis of statically indeterminate bearing-shaft system was investigated. The moment loads and misalignment angles which were induced in the ball bearings were determined, and the influence of span length of this system on the moment loads and fatigue lives was identified. The sliding and spinning speeds between balls and raceways which affected the performance of ball bearing evaluated. The equation to estimate the cage speed of ball bearing under moment loads was proposed. This equation had been verified by the test results of measuring of cage speed, which was useful to the prediction of ball bearing under moment loads.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 2000

Recently, application of the reinforced earth wall is in increasing trend. Although many investigations on the influence of the length and spacing of reinforcement and the values of surcharge load has been carried out in the past, but the research about the influence of the location and value of surcharge loads has been scarce. Therefore this study was necessitated. The model test were carried out by varying the location and value of surcharge loads for two types of the backfill soils.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 2004

Mechanical load measurements on blade and tower of Vestas 100 kW wind turbine has been reformed in Wollyong test site, Jeju island. The experimental procedure for the measurement of wind turbine loads, such as edgewise(lead-lag) bending moment, flapwise bending moment, and tower base bending moment, has been established. The test facilities consisting of strain-gauges, telemetry and T-Mon system are installed in the wind turbine. Strain gauges are on-site calibrated against load cell prior to monitoring the wind turbine loads. Using the test setup, the loads on the components are being measured and analysed for various external conditions of the wind turbine. A set of results for near rated wind speed has been presented in this paper.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1492-1499
• /
• 2010

This paper is intended as an development of moving load simulation techniques. The concern with dynamic problem of railway bridge caused by the moving train loads has been growing. Over the past few years, several studies have been made on dynamic stability of railway bridge analytically. But very few attempts have been made at experimental research. From the dynamic stability view point, the moving train loads simulation test is revolutionary idea. It can be replace restrictive filed test with new laboratory test. This study investigates minimum specifications of hardware and basic parameters. it is used 39m girder and 4 actuators for experimental verification.