• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-53
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• 2007

Various difficult problems occur due to insufficient bearing capacity or excessive settlements when constructing roads or large complexes. Accurate predictions on the final settlement and consolidation time can help in choosing the ground improvement method and thus enables to save time and expense of the whole project. Asaoka's method is probably the most frequently used for settlement prediction which are based on Terzaghi's one dimensional consolidation theory. Empirical formulae such as Hyperbolic method and Hoshino's method are also often used. However, it is known that the settlement predicted by these methods do not match with the actual settlements. Furthermore these methods cannot be used at design stage when there is no measured data. To find an elaborate method in predicting settlement in embankments using various test results and actual settlement data from domestic sites, Back-Propagation Neural Network(BPNN) and Recurrent Neural Network(RNN) were employed and the most suitable model structures were obtained. Predicted settlement values by the developed models were compared with the measured values as well as numerical analysis results. Analysis of the results showed that RNN yielded more compatible predictions with actual data than BPNN and predictions using cone penetration resistance were closer to actual data than predictions using SPT results. Also, it was found that the developed method were very competitive with the numerical analysis considering the number of input data, complexity and effort in modelling. It is believed that RNN using cone penetration test results can make a highly efficient tool in predicting settlements if enough field data can be obtained.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.1129-1137
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• 2008

E-learning as a new education trend is being applied not only to cyber school but also various education fields such as employee training for companies or interactive learning for consumers. Users of the E-learning can take online tests individually anywhere, to evaluate their achievement level. Because users who are taking the online tests may show their own IDs or passwords to others, the possibility of cheating is very high. Therefore, it is very important to authenticate the users. In this paper, we propose an adaptive-keyboard authentication method which depends on user behavior patterns through the use of IDs and passwords. This method does not need any additional devices or special effort. An adaptive method to update patterns in which IDs and passwords are entered was previously suggested and this new method has proved to be better than previous methods through simulations and implementation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2007

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate an error reporting promoting program(ERPP) to systematically reduce the incidence rate of nursing errors in operating room. Methods. A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design was used. Twenty-six operating room nurses who were in one university hospital in Busan participated in this study. They were stratified into four groups according to their operating room experience and were allocated to the experimental and control groups using a matching method. Mann-Whitney U Test was used to analyze the differences pre and post incidence rates of nursing errors between the two groups. Results. The incidence rate of nursing errors decreased significantly in the experimental group compared to the pre-test score from 28.4% to 15.7%. The incidence rate by domains, it decreased significantly in the 3 domains-"compliance of aseptic technique", "management of document", "environmental management" in the experimental group while it decreased in the control group which was applied ordinary error-reporting method. Conclusion. Error-reporting system can make possible to hold the errors in common and to learn from them. ERPP was effective to reduce the errors of recognition-related nursing activities. For the wake of more effective error-prevention, we will be better to apply effort of risk management along the whole health care system with this program.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.672-688
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• 2016

This paper confirmed the roles of images of performance arts, through an analysis of the performance arts realizing media augmented reality, and proceeded audience studies through t-test for verifying the results. As a result, the images used for the performance arts interacted with the audiences through mixing of media, and led to satisfaction for the performance through strong flow and understanding. For some parts, however, an indiscreet use of images caused audiences, who are still familiar with traditional performance arts, to react exclusively toward the media. Eventually, at this time trying new change, convergence media performance arts with images need to orchestrate performance arts and media, so that multiple audiences can easily understand and enjoy, and make an effort to let the audiences get satisfaction based on various experiences. For this, a producer should dedicate to create strategic performance arts contents that can provide professional new knowledge and information, considering even audiences' recognition, as well as their perceptional and psychological characteristics.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1037-1051
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge of dental hygienists on CPR, their CPR attitude and performance ability in an effort to offer data that can contribute to the development of a more effective CPR education program. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 234 dental hygienists in Jeollanam and Jeollabukdo from February 24 to May 20, 2017. The questionnaire asked dental hygienists of the knowledge, attitude, performance ability in regards to CPR. The data were analyzed using SPSS Window ver. 19.0 program through independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, chi-square test and multiple regression analysis. The Cronbach alpha of their CPR knowledge was 0.78, and that of attitude to CPR was 0.79. The Cronbach alpha of CPR performance ability was 0.96. Results: The dental hygienists surveyed in this study who were aware of CPR accounted for 88.9% of total subjects. Dental hygienists who were certified in CPR accounted for 20.5% of total subjects. They received a score of 7.66 on CPR knowledge, 3.33 on attitude and 2.61 on performance ability. There was a positive correlation between the knowledge and attitude, between the knowledge and performance ability and between the attitude and performance ability (r=0.332, r=0.461, r=0.426). A regression analysis showed that the dental hygienists who were younger, who graduated from a four-year university or a higher educational institution, who were CPR certificate holders, who received more CPR education, who were cognizant of automated external defibrillator, who were more knowledgeable on CPR and who took a more positive attitude were more likely to be affected in terms of CPR performance. Conclusions: The dental hygienists surveyed were aware of CPR on the whole, but their CPR knowledge, attitude and performance were not sufficient to perform CPR in emergency situations. More intensive education should be provided for dental hygienists to have an accurate knowledge of CPR to carry it out with a positive attitude.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.253-263
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify the self-efficacy, major satisfaction, and degree of adjustment to college life of nursing students and the relationships among the foregoing. Methods : This study was conducted with 319 nursing students in B city from May to June 2019. The collected data were analyzed with frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient using the SPSS /WIN 22.0 program. Results : The self-efficacy score of nursing college students was shown to be 2.95±0.32 points, major satisfaction score was shown to be 3.83±0.55 points, and college adjustment score was shown to be 3.52±0.55 points. The degrees of adjustment to college life were significantly different according to general characteristics of nursing students as follows; grade (F=6.614, p=.000), health condition (F=13.384, p=.000), club activities (t=4.557, p=.000), happiness index (F=32.094, p=.000), part-time job (t=2.781, p=.006), and motive of major selection (F=7.300, p=.000). The adjustment to college life of nursing students showed a weak negative correlation with self-efficacy (r=-.196, p<.001) and a strong positive correlation with major satisfaction (r=.782, p<.001). Major satisfaction and self-efficacy showed a weak negative correlation (r=-.185, p<.001). Conclusion : Through the results of this study, it can be seen that repetitive studies are necessary in relation to the self-efficacy, major satisfaction, and college adjustment of nursing students, and that interest in effort for the development of programs that can improve nursing students' major satisfaction and college adjustment are necessary.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.225-236
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• 2001

The roughness of rock joint is one of the most important parameters in developing the shear resistance and the tendency of dilation. Due to the damage accumulated with shearing displacement, the roughness angle is lowered continuously. It is known that dilation, shear strength hardening, and softening are directly related to the degradation of asperities. Much effort has been directed to incorporate the complicated damage mechanism of asperities into a constitutive model fur rock joints. This study presents an elasto-plastic formulation of joint behavior including elastic deformability, dilatancy and asperity surface damage. It is postulated that the plastic portion of incremental displacement 7an be decomposed into contributions from both sliding along the asperity surface and damage of asperity. Numerical cyclic shear tests are presented to illustrate th? performance of the derived incremental stress-displacement relation. A laboratory cyclic shear test is also simulated. Numerical examples reveal that the elasto-plastic joints model is promising.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 1998

The environmental problem of the rural area has been accelerated in soil as well as water. Soil contamination is usually caused by improper operation of landfills, abandoned mine fields, accidental spills, and illegal dumpings. Once soil contamination is initiated, pollutants migrate and may cause groundwater contamination which takes much effort for remediation. Early detection, therefore, is important to prevent further contamination. Electrical resistivity method was used to detect soil contamination, but it was not effective to the heterogeneous condition. Static cone penetrometer test (CPT) has been used widely to investigate geotechnical properties of the underground. In this study, electrical resistivity method and CPT are combined to improve the applicability of it. The pilot test was performed to examine the variation of electrical resistivity with different soil minerals and pore fluid characteristics. Soil samples used were poorly graded sand, silty sandy soil, and weathered granite soil. For all the cases, electrical resistivity decreased with increasing of moisture content. Soil mineral also affected the electrical resistivity significantly. Above all, leachate addition in the pore fluid was very sensitive and caused decreasing of electrical resistivity markedly. It implies that electrical resistivity method can be applied to investigate pollutant plume effectively. This is specially sure when the sensors contact the contaminated soils directly. The CPT method involves cone penetration to the ground, therefore, underground contamination around the cone could be investigated effectively even for heterogeneous condition as it penetrates if electrical resistivity sensors are attached on the cone.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.433-439
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of job-stress factors associated with fatigue among emergency rescue workers. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 264 rescue workers in J province from January 5 to March 14, 2015. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics about the subjects, health-related characteristics, a job stress instrument, and a subjective fatigue instrument. The results were analyzed using a t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis to determine the factors related to fatigue. Fatigue was influenced by the personal characteristics of the rescue workers and job stress. To reduce fatigue, effort to manage and relieve stress is required after a job is done in the field. In addition, it is expected that fatigue can be reduced by providing methods that can improve the healthcare capacity of the rescue workers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5325-5335
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate violence experiences and coping behaviors of nursing students when they were doing clinical practice. Data were collected from 250 nursing students from 10th of November to 10th of December in 2014 using questionnaires. 231 questionnaires were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. 98.7% of the subject have experienced violence. Most frequently mentioned setting where violences were experienced was psychiatric unit, abusers were patient. Most frequent violence type was verbal abuse(97.4%) followed by physical threatening(76.2%). Most frequent coping behavior was enduring(87.8%) followed by avoiding(83.2%). In this study, most of nursing students experienced violence during the clinical practice. They need to be better protected from violence during the clinical practice. It is needed various active effort and programs to prevent violence and to help students cope more against violence in their practice.