• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.439-449
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• 2019

The development of information technology represented by ICBMA (IoT, Cloud, Big Data, Mobile, AI), is leading to a surge in data and a numerical and quantitative increase in data centers to accommodate it. As the data center is recognized as a social infrastructure, It is very important to identify physical security threats in advance in order to secure safety, such as responding to a terrorist attack. In this paper, we develop physical security threat breakdown structure (PS-TBS) for easy identification and classification of threats, and verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the PS-TBS through expert questionnaires. In addition, we intend to contribute to the improvement of physical security level by practical use in detailed definition on items of PS-TBS.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-32
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• 2019

One way to provide safe buildings and to protect tenants from the terrorist attacks that have been increasing in the world is to study the behavior of buildings members after being exposed to dynamic loads. Buildings behaviour after being exposed to attacks inspired researchers all around the world to investigate the effect of impact loads on buildings members like slabs and to deeply study the properties of High Performance Concrete. HPC is well-known in its high performance and resistance to dynamic loads when it is compared with normal weight concrete. Therefore, the aim of this paper is finding out the impact of dynamic loads on RPC slabs' flexural capacity, serviceability loads, and failure type. For that purpose and to get answers for these questions, three concrete slabs with 0.5, 1, and 2% steel fiber contents were experimentally tested. The tests results showed that the content of steel fiber plays the key role in specifying the static capacity of concrete slabs after being dynamically loaded, and increasing the content of steel fiber led to improving the static loading capacity, decreased the cracks numbers and widths at the same time, and provided a safer environment for the buildings residents.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.157-166
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• 2018

This study conducted a perfect detection of explosives by placing various devices and personnel in place of terrorist bomb detection in a situation that is difficult to detect and protect against the use of explosives not only in countries but also in civilians. The result is that the legal system applies, first, the obligation to introduce bomb-sniffing dogs for national critical and large civil facilities. Secondly, it introduces a certification system for bomb-sniffing dogs to verify their detection capabilities. Third, it is to introduce a system for fostering expert manpower to activate expert water supply companies that operate bomb-sniffing dogs.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.461-475
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• 2021

Strategic structures are a potential target of the growing terrorist attacks, so their performance under explosion hazard has been paid attention by researchers in the last years. In this regard, the aim of this study is to evaluate the blast-resistance performance of lead-rubber bearing (LRB) base isolation system based on a probabilistic framework while uncertainties related to the charge weight and standoff distance have been taken into account. A sensitivity analysis is first performed to show the effect of explosion uncertainty on the response of base-isolated buildings. The blast fragility curve is then developed for three base-isolated steel moment-resisting buildings with different heights of 4, 8 and 12 stories. The results of sensitivity analysis show that although LRB has the capability of reducing the peak response of buildings under explosion hazard, this control system may lead to increase in the peak response of buildings under some explosion scenarios. This shows the high importance of probabilistic-based assessment of isolated structures under explosion hazard. The blast fragility analysis shows effective performance of LRB in mitigating the probability of failure of buildings. Therefore, LRB can be introduced as effective control system for the protection of buildings from explosion hazard regarding uncertainty effect.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.415-420
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• 2023

Since 2017, the application of VR technology in the game field has become more and more extensive, and more and more scholars have conducted research on VR games, especially VR horror games. This article will conduct research on VR horror games and scrolling scroll games through comparative analysis, and believes that VR horror games are much stronger than side scrolling scrolling games in terms of immersion. However, due to its unique flat third-person perspective, completely different operation methods and the existence of 'the fourth wall in side-scrolling horror games, Players can clearly realize that they are in an absolutely safe environment, and that they are just manipulators of game characters, not experiencers of terrorist events, so players will not receive excessive fright. Therefore, this article believes that the number of players who like side-scrolling horror games with certain horror elements is greater than the number of players who like pure VR horror games.Many traditional games in this paper have their own advantages in many aspects. For example, many traditional games such as horizontal games also have good development prospects in the future. We should promote the research on games in the academic community from multiple angles, not limited to popular VR games.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.582-585
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• 2011

During disaster response, prioritization of limited resources is one of the most important bust challenging tasks. At the same time, it is imperative to timely provide the rescuers with the adequate equipment to facilitate lifesaving operations. However, supply of high demand equipment was insufficient during the initial phase of disaster response, challenging lifesaving operations in the case of the 9-11 terrorist attacks. In respond to the Haiti Earthquake, spatial information of the geographic area was not sufficient to support the search and rescue operations in the early phase of disaster response. However, with the help of civilians, information such as road names, infrastructure damage, and victim locations were updated into the spatial data repository. At the same time, resource outside of the disaster affected zone converges into the area to assist the response efforts, which is the effect of convergence that often made resource coordination challenging in large scale disasters. To efficiently collect information and utilize the converging resources, this paper proposes a flexible data repository for information update for equipment utilization in large scale disaster response scenarios.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.34-41
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• 2023

The purpose of this paper is to consider the expansion of non-traditional security threats and the national-level response to the emergence of emerging security threats in ultra-uncertain VUCA situations. As a major research method for better analysis, the theoretical approach was referred to papers published in books and academic journals, and technical and current affairs data were studied through the Internet and literature research. The instability and uncertainty of the international order and security environment in the 21st century brought about a change in the security paradigm. Human security emerged as the protection target of security was expanded to individual humans, and emerging security was emerging as the security area expanded. Emerging security threatsthat have different characteristicsfrom traditionalsecurity threats are expressed in various ways, such as cyber threats, new infectious disease threats, terrorist threats, and abnormal climate threats. First, the policy and strategic response to respond to emerging security threats is integrated national crisis management based on artificial intelligence applying the concept of Foresight. Second, it is to establish network-based national crisis management smart governance. Third, it is to maintain the agile resilience of the concept of Agilience. Fourth, an integrated response system that integrates national power elements and national defense elements should be established.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.91 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2024

Improving the blast resistance of structural establishments has become an imperative engineering commitment to prevent property damage and fatalities in terrorist incidents. This study investigates the effects of blast mass and stand-off distance on CFRP skin concrete core sandwich bunkers of varying thicknesses using ABAQUS/Explicit software with CONWEP functionality. The considered parameters include TNT masses of 1, 10, and 25 kg and stand-off distances of 0.1, 1, 2, and 2.5 meters on structures with 200, 250, and 500 mm core thicknesses. The study finds that there exists a declining response corresponding to the blasting mass reduction coupled with increases in the stand-off distance and core thickness. The 500 mm thick bunker sustains less damage compared to those with 200 mm and 250 mm core thicknesses. The sandwich configuration remains structurally advantageous vs. those without skins. The sandwich bunker with a 500 mm thick concrete core gives the best performance against the 10 kg TNT blast load with a 1 m standoff distance exhibiting a 22.8% reduction in damage vs. that without skins. Mathematical expressions are then formulated for predicting maximum von Mises stress, principal stress, and displacement of sandwich bunkers as functions of TNT masses, stand-off distances, and core thicknesses.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.91 no.1
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• pp.103-121
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• 2024

The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is a numerical technique used in dynamic analysis to simulate the fluid-like behavior of materials under extreme conditions, such as those encountered in explosions or high velocity impacts. In SPH, fluid or solid materials are discretized into particles. These particles interact with each other based on certain smoothing kernels, allowing the simulation of fluid flows and predict the response of solid materials to shock waves, like deformation, cracking or failure. One of the main advantages of SPH is its ability to simulate these phenomena without a fixed grid, making it particularly suitable for analyzing complex geometries. In this study, the structural damage to a masonry arch bridge subjected to blast loading was investigated. A high-fidelity micro-model was created and the explosives were modeled using the SPH approach. The Johnson-Holmquist II damage model and the Mohr-Coulomb material model were considered to evaluate the masonry and backfill properties. Consistent with the principles of the JH-II model, the authors developed a VUMAT code. The explosive charges (50 kg, 168 kg, 425 kg and 1000 kg) were placed in close proximity to the deck and pier of a bridge. The results showed that the 50 kg charges, which could have been placed near the pier by a terrorist, had only a limited effect on the piers. Instead, this charge caused a vertical displacement of the deck due to the confinement effect. Conversely, a 1000 kg TNT charge placed 100 cm above the deck caused significant damage to the bridge.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to make people acknowledge the danger of the air terror and provide measures to prevent a recurrence of the accident and find required security. Also, the air terror is categorized into aircraft and airport and take steps to come up with preventive measures against the air terror by finding a countermeasure and precaution. The following steps should be checked to take precautionary measures against the air terror. major security crackdown and the need for a further security check should be conducted to prevent terrorists from boarding the aircraft, security around the airport needs to be tightened up by training the airport workers and promoting emergency situations, airport sheriffs and armed guards should be on patrol for the safety of the cabin, new measures of efficient security for in and around the airport and its facilities should be set up to tighten up security of baggage.