• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.43-71
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• 2005

Terrorism is the use of violence, especially murder and bombing, in order to achieve political aim or to force a government to do something. Nowadays, instrument of mass destruction are smaller, cheaper, and more readily available. Cellular phones were used as timers in the attacks in Madrid last March. Hijacking an airplane is relatively inexpensive. Finally, the information revolution provides inexpensive means of communication and organization that allow groups once restricted to local and national police jurisdictions to become global. Al Qaeda is said to have established a network in fifty or more countries. These technological and ideological trends increased both the lethality and the difficulty of managing terrorism. Because of the unprecedented scale of Al Qaeda's attacks, the focus is properly on Islamic extremists. But it would be a mistake to limit our concern solely to Islamic terrorists, for that would ignore the way that technology is putting into the hands of deviant groups and individuals' destructive capabilities that were once limited primarily to governments and armies.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1064-1073
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• 2020

The general situation of system composition and safety management of high-speed railway terminal is investigated and a comprehensive evaluation index system of operational security is established on the basis of railway laws and regulations and previous research results to evaluate the operational security management of the high-speed railway terminal objectively and scientifically. Index weight is determined by introducing interval eigenvalue method (IEM), which aims to reduce the dependence of judgment matrix on consistency test and improve judgment accuracy. Operational security status of a high-speed railway terminal in northwest China is analyzed using the traditional model of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and a general technique idea and references for the operational security evaluation of the high-speed railway terminal are provided. IEM is introduced to determine the weight of each index, overcomes shortcomings of traditional analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, and improves the accuracy and scientificity of the comprehensive evaluation. Risk factors, such as terrorist attacks, bad weather, and building fires, are intentionally avoided in the selection of evaluation indicators due to the complexity of risk factors in the operation of high-speed railway passenger stations and limitation of the length of the paper. However, such risk factors should be considered in the follow-up studies.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 2018

Smart devices refer to various devices and control equipment such as health care devices, imaging devices, motor devices and wearable devices that use wireless network communication (e.g., Wi-fi, Bluetooth, LTE). Commercial services using such devices are found in a wide range of fields, including home networks, health care and medical services, entertainment and toys. Studies on smart devices have also been actively undertaken by academia and industry alike, as the penetration rate of smartphones grew and the technological progress made with the fourth industrial revolution bring about great convenience for users. While services offered through smart devices come with convenience, there is also various security threats that can lead to financial loss or even a loss of life in the case of terrorist attacks. As attacks that are committed through smart devices tend to pick up where attacks based on wireless internet left off, more research is needed on related security topics. As such, this paper seeks to design an access control method for reinforced security for smart devices. After registering and authenticating the smart device from the user's smart phone and service provider, a safe communication protocol is designed. Then to secure the integrity and confidentiality of the communication data, a management process such as for device renewal or cancellation is designed. Safety and security of the existing systems against attacks are also evaluated. In doing so, an improved efficiency by approximately 44% compared to the encryption processing speed of the existing system was verified.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.353-357
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• 2020

Fractures of the orbital floor and walls are among the most frequent maxillofacial fractures. Virtual three-dimensional (3D) planning and use of patient-specific implants (PSIs) could improve anatomic and functional outcomes in orbital reconstruction surgery. The presented case was a victim of a terrorist attack involving improvised explosive devices. This 58-year-old female suffered severe wounds caused by a single piece of metal from a bomb, shattering the left orbital floor and lateral orbital wall. Due to remaining hypotropia of the left eye compared to the right eye, late orbital floor reconstruction was carried out with a personalised 3D printed titanium implant. We concluded that this technique with PSI appears to be a viable method to correct complex orbital floor defects. Our research group noted good aesthetic and functional results one year after surgery. Due to the complexity of the surgery for a major bony defect of the orbital floor, it is important that the surgery be executed by experienced surgeons in the field of maxillofacial traumatology.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.91-98
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• 2012

As the occurrence rate of terror and hazard is increasing throughout the world, GSA, DoD, and FEMA are proceeding a study about mitigating the damage of terror. Korea is no more a safe place from the terrorist's threat, so we need to make measures against them. In this study we developed modified RVS System by revising some items to adjust the system to the domestic condition and conducted a risk assessment on several tall buildings in Korea. By using IRVS system which is developed by DHS, we also carried out the risk assessment. Comparing the results between RVS with IRVS, we performed terror risk evaluation of tall buildings. Through risk assessment of several tall buildings, we analyzed key factors of each scenarios and suggested the mean value of each items, so we would like to help the counter-terrorism in the design phase.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.231-236
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• 2010

The growth in global energy demand and the increased recognition of the impacts of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel plants have aroused a renewed interest on nuclear energy. Many countries are looking afresh at building more nuclear power stations to deal with the twin problems of global warming and the need for more generating capacity. Many in the nuclear community are also anticipating a significant growth of new nuclear generation in the coming decades. If there is a nuclear renaissance, will the expansion of nuclear power be compatible with global non-proliferation and security? or will it add to the environmental burden from the large inventory of spent nuclear fuel already produced in existing nuclear power reactors? We learn from past peaceful nuclear activities that significant concerns associated with nuclear proliferation and spent-fuel management have resulted in a decrease in public acceptance for nuclear power in many countries. The terrorist attack in the United States (US) on September 11, 2001 also raised concern for security and worry that nuclear materials may fall into the wrong hands. As we increase the use of nuclear power, we must simultaneously reduce the proliferation, security and environmental risks in managing spent-fuel below where they are today.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.47
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• pp.263-298
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• 2010

The global trading system is vulnerable to terrorist exploitation while the international trade is an essential element for the economic development. Customs has a unique role in the international trade to provide increased security while ensuring facilitation of the legitimate flow of goods and the role of Customs has become more and more indispensable these days. In response to this trend, the World Customs Organization(WCO), the organization of more than 170 Customs administrations all over the world, adopted an international framework("SAFE Framework") in 2005, which includes the Authorized Economic Operator(AEO) concept, whereby a party involved in the international movement of goods would be approved by Customs as complying with the supply chain security standards, and given benefits, such as simplified Customs procedure and less Customs intervention. In this stream, the Japanese government has developed and promoted AEO Program in close cooperation with the business sector, aiming at ensuring security while facilitating legitimate trade. For that purpose, Japan Customs, as a main entity in the field of international trade, has developed comprehensive AEO program with combination of programs for importers, exporters, warehouse operators, Customs brokers and logistics operators, such as forwarders and carriers, which are consistent with the "SAFE Framework" developed by the WCO. The purpose of this paper aims to analyse the introduction plans of AEO program for the trade security and trade facilitation with Japanese AEO system.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.633-649
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• 2011

The paper presents a study aimed at understanding some characteristics of an interior explosion within a room with limited or no venting. The explosion may occur in ammunition storage or result from a terrorist action or from a warhead that had penetrated into this room. The study includes numerical simulations of the problem and analytical derivations. Different types of analysis (1-D, 2-D and 3-D analysis) were performed for a room with rigid walls and the results were analyzed. For the 3D problem the effect of the charge size and its location within the room was investigated and a new insight regarding the pressure distribution on the interior wall as function of these parameters has been gained. The numerical analyses were carried out using the Eulerian multi-material approach. Further, an approximate analytical formula to predict the residual internal pressure was developed. The formula is based on the conservation law of total energy and its implementation yields very good agreement with the results obtained numerically using the complete statement of the problem for a wide range of explosive weights and room sizes that is expressed through a non-dimensional parameter. This new formula is superior to existing literature recommendations and compares considerably better with the above numerical results.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2012

The mass social trauma, such as organized violence, wars, oppression by dictatorships and massive terrorist attacks, exposes thousands of people to trauma in a short period of time. Therefore, the mass social trauma is distinguished from individualized trauma, such as a violent attack, rape or a traffic accident in that it results in multiple and extended consequences beyond the individual. During the Khmer Rouge regime, one quarter of the Cambodian population was killed as a result of malnutrition, forced labor and mass killings. Until now, its evil continues to affect Cambodian's physical and mental health problems. Although there is ongoing debate, to date, no consensus has been reached supporting a clear set of recommendations for the intervention and longitudinal study regarding the influence of killing field massacre being too little. And comparative cultural studies, such as comparing the East to West or other Asian cultures are also lacking. This article gives an overview of previous study results about the mental health of Cambodians, and suggests a possible research issue and therapeutic interventions to determine the impact of mass trauma to the members of society and post-traumatic recovery factors.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.74-84
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• 2013

Modern companies have been facing devastating impacts from unexpected events such as demand uncertainties, natural disasters, and terrorist attacks due to the increasing global supply chain complexity. This paper proposes a multi stage logistic network model under disruption risk. To formulate the problem practically, we consider the effect of continuity rate, which is defined as a percentage of ability of the facility to provide backup allocation to customers in the abnormal situation and affect the investments and operational costs. Then we vary the fixed charge for opening facilities and the operational cost according to the continuity rate. The operational level of the company decreases below the normal condition when disruption occurs. The backup source after the disrup-tion is recovered not only as soon as possible, but also as much as possible. This is a concept of the business continuity plan to reduce the recovery time objective such a continuity rate will affect the investments and op-erational costs. Through numerical experiments, we have shown the proposed idea is capable of designing a resilient logistic network available for business continuity management/plan.