• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2000

The tensile properties of polyester warp knitted fabrics of satin and reverse satin structure with various lengths of underlap were studied. In the range of low tension, the satin warp knitted fabric showed larger tensile energy and elongation in the direction of $0^\circ$ and larger tensile linearity, tensile resilience and initial modulus in $90^\circ$. Meanwhile, reverse satin one showed larger initial moduli in 0$^{\circ}$ and larger the others in $90^\circ$. In the range of high tension, the tendencies of both fabrics in $0^\circ$ direction were almost the same as those in all direction. As the under laps were shorter for both fabrics, tensile linearity, tensile energy and elongation increased, but tensile resilience decreased in all directions. However initial moduli were changed little.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 2019

In recent years, the crack accidents of earth and rockfill dams occur frequently. It is urgent to study the tensile strength and tensile failure mechanism of the gravelly soil in the core for the anti-crack design of the actual high earth core rockfill dam. Based on the self-developed uniaxial tensile test device, a series of uniaxial tensile test was carried out on gravelly soil with different gravel content. The compaction test shows a good linear relationship between the optimum water content and gravel content, and the relation curve of optimum water content versus maximum dry density can be fitting by two times polynomial. For the gravelly soil under its optimum water content and maximum dry density, as the gravel content increased from 0% to 50%, the tensile strength of specimens decreased from 122.6 kPa to 49.8 kPa linearly. The peak tensile strain and ultimate tensile strain all decrease with the increase of the gravel content. From the analysis of fracture energy, it is proved that the tensile capacity of gravelly soil decreases slightly with the increasing gravel content. In the case that the sample under the maximum dry density and the water content higher than the optimum water content, the comprehensive tensile capacity of the sample is the strongest. The relevant test results can provide support for the anti-crack design of the high earth core rockfill dam.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1994.05a
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• pp.2-7
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• 1994

The dynamic fatigue life equation is applied to uniaxial tensile test. The resultant equations far the surface energy and fracture toughness are calculated with the data from the tensile test and compared with the ones from ASTM E399 test. During the crack propagation under model loading, the material of the crack tip undergoes the process of the elastic-plastic deformation in the uniaxial tensile test. The surface energy per unit area is proportional to the ratio of plastic and elastic elongations. The calculated fracture toughness of the metals are very well coincident to the ASTM E399's test results.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.353-360
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• 2019

The elastic modulus is an important parameter to characterize the property of rock. It is common knowledge that the strengths of rocks are significantly different under tension and compression. However, little attention has been paid to the bi-modularity of rock. To validate whether the rock elastic moduli in tension and compression are the same, Brazilian disc, direct tension and compression tests were conducted. A horizontal laser displacement meter and a pair of vertical and transverse strain gauges were applied. Four types of materials were tested, including three types of rock materials and one type of steel material. A comprehensive comparison of the elastic moduli based on different experimental results was presented, and a tension-compression anisotropy model was proposed to explain the experimental results. The results from this study indicate that the rock elastic modulus is different under tension and compression. The ratio of the rock elastic moduli under compression and tension ranges from 2 to 4. The rock tensile moduli from the strain data and displacement data are approximate. The elastic moduli from the Brazilian disc test are consistent with those from the uniaxial tension and compression tests. The Brazilian disc test is a convenient method for estimating the tensile and compressive moduli of rock materials.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.140-146
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• 2011

A miniature pendular type impact testing machine was designed and developed, adopting a magnetic powder brake in order to investigate tensile and shear behavior of a small solder ball at high speed. In this testing system, the potential energy of the pendulum is transferred into the impact energy during its drop. Then, the impact energy is transmitted through the striker which is connected to the push rods to push the specimen for tensile loading. The tensile behavior of lead-free solder ball in diameter of 760 ${\mu}m$ was successfully investigated in a speed range of 0.15 m/s~1.25 m/s using this designed device. The maximum tensile strength of the solder joint decreases with the loading speed in the testing condition. The maximum tensile strength of the joint was 56 MPa in the low speed region.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.305-310
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• 2008

Based on a composition of 99.4 wt% AISI 316L stainless steel, 0.3wt% Ti and 0.3 wt% $Y_2O_3$, an austenitic ODS steel was fabricated by a process of mechanical alloying, hot isostatic pressing and rolling. Fine oxide particles were observed in the matrix, and their chemical formulations were determined to be $Y_2Si_2O_7$ and TiO. Heat treatment of the cold-rolled sample at $1200^{\circ}C$ induced an isotropic tensile behavior at room temperature and at $700^{\circ}C$. This result would be mainly attributed to the equiaxed grains that form as a result of the heat treatment for recrystallization.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.189-195
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• 2019

The effect of C, Mn, and Al additions on the tensile and Charpy impact properties of austenitic high-manganese steels for cryogenic applications is investigated in terms of the deformation mechanism dependent on stacking fault energy and austenite stability. The addition of the alloying elements usually increases the stacking fault energy, which is calculated using a modified thermodynamic model. Although the yield strength of austenitic high-manganese steels is increased by the addition of the alloying elements, the tensile strength is significantly affected by the deformation mechanism associated with stacking fault energy because of grain size refinement caused by deformation twinning and mobile dislocations generated during deformation-induced martensite transformation. None of the austenitic high-manganese steels exhibit clear ductile-brittle transition behavior, but their absorbed energy gradually decreases with lowering test temperature, regardless of the alloying elements. However, the combined addition of Mn and Al to the austenitic high-manganese steels suppresses the decrease in absorbed energy with a decreasing temperature by enhancing austenite stability.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.107-115
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• 2017

PURPOSES : The piezoelectric energy road analysis technology using a three-dimensional finite element method was developed to investigate pavement behaviors when piezoelectric energy harvesters and a new polyurethane surface layer were installed in field conditions. The main purpose of this study is to predict the long-term performance of the piezoelectric energy road through the proposed analytical steps. METHODS : To predict the stresses and strains of the piezoelectric energy road, the developed energy harvesters were embedded into the polyurethane surface layer (50 mm from the top surface). The typical type of triaxial dump truck loading was applied to the top of each energy harvester. In this paper, a general purpose finite element analysis program called ABAQUS was used and it was assumed that a harvester is installed in the cross section of a typical asphalt pavement structure. RESULTS : The maximum tensile stress of the polyurethane surface layer in the initial fatigue model occurred up to 0.035 MPa in the transverse direction when the truck tire load was loaded on the top of each harvester. The maximum tensile stresses were 0.025 MPa in the intermediate fatigue model and 0.013 MPa in the final fatigue model, which were 72% and 37% lower than that of the initial stage model, respectively. CONCLUSIONS : The main critical damage locations can be estimated between the base layer and the surface layer. If the crack propagates, bottom-up cracking from the base layer is the main cracking pattern where the tensile stress is higher than in other locations. It is also considered that the possibility of cracking in the top-down direction at the edge of energy harvester is more likely to occur because the material strength of the energy harvester is much higher and plays a role in the supporting points. In terms of long-term performance, all tensile stresses in the energy harvester and polyurethane layer are less than 1% of the maximum tensile strength and the possibility of fatigue damage was very low. Since the harvester is embedded in the surface layer of the polyurethane, which has higher tensile strength and toughness, it can assure a good, long-term performance.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.788-799
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• 2008

This study is concerned with the effects of Mo, Cr, and V addition on tensile and Charpy impact properties of API X80 linepipe steels. Four kinds of steels were processed by varying Mo, Cr, and V additions, and their microstructures and tensile and Charpy impact properties were investigated. Since the addition of Mo and V promoted to form fine acicular ferrite and granular bainite, while prohibiting the coarsening of granular bainite, it increased the strength and upper shelf energy, and decreased the energy transition temperature. The Cr addition promoted the formation of coarse granular bainite and secondary phases such as martensite-austenite constituents, thereby leading to the increased effective grain size, energy transition temperature, and strength and to the decreased upper shelf energy. The steel containing 0.3wt.% Mo and 0.06wt.% V without Cr had the highest upper shelf energy and the lowest energy transition temperature because its microstructure was composed of fine acicular ferrite and granular bainite, together with a small amount of hard secondary phases, while its tensile properties maintained excellent.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2023

Air ingress incidents are major safety accidents in very-high-temperature reactors (VHTRs). Air containing a high volume fraction of oxygen may cause severe oxidation of core components at the VHTR, especially for the significantly thin alloy tube wall in the intermediate heat exchanger (IHE). The research objects of this study are Inconel 617 and Incoloy 800H, two candidate alloys for IHE in VHTR. The air ingress accident scenario is simulated with high-temperature air flow at 950 ℃. A continuous oxide scale was formed on the surfaces of both the alloys after the experiment. Because the oxide scale of Inconel 617 has a loose structure, whereas that of Incoloy 800H is denser, Inconel 617 exhibited significantly more severe internal oxidation than Incoloy 800H. Further, Inconel 617 showed a significant decrease in ultimate tensile strength and plasticity after aging for 200 h, whereas Incoloy 800H maintained its tensile properties satisfactorily. Through control experiment under vacuum, we preliminarily concluded that serious internal oxidation is the primary reason for the decline in the tensile properties of Inconel 617.