• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.37-46
• /
• 2017

PURPOSES : A composite pavement utilizes both an asphalt surface and a concrete base. Typically, a concrete base layer provides structural capacity, while an asphalt surface layer provides smoothness and riding quality. This pavement type can be used in conjunction with rollercompacted concrete (RCC) pavement as a base layer due to its fast construction, economic efficiency, and structural performance. However, the service life and functionality of composite pavement may be reduced due to interfacial bond failure. Therefore, adequate interfacial bonding between the asphalt surface and the concrete base is essential to achieving monolithic behavior. The purpose of this study is to investigate the bond characteristics at the interface between asphalt (HMA; hot-mixed asphalt) and the RCC base. METHODS : This study was performed to determine the optimal type and application rate of tack coat material for RCC-base composite pavement. In addition, the core size effect, temperature condition, and bonding failure shape were analyzed to investigate the bonding characteristics at the interface between the RCC base and HMA surface. To evaluate the bond strength, a pull-off test was performed using different diameters of specimens such as 50 mm and 100 mm. Tack coat materials such as RSC-4 and BD-Coat were applied in amounts of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and $1.1l/m^2$ to determine the optimal application rate. In order to evaluate the bond strength characteristics with temperature changes, a pull-off test was carried out at -15, 0, 20, and $40^{\circ}C$. In addition, the bond failure shapes were analyzed using an image analysis program after the pull-off tests were completed. RESULTS : The test results indicated that the optimal application rate of RSC-4 and BD-Coat were $0.8l/m^2$, $0.9l/m^2$, respectively. The core size effect was determined to be negligible because the bond strengths were similar in specimens with diameters of 50 mm and 100 mm. The bond strengths of RSC-4 and BD-Coat were found to decrease significantly when the temperature increased. As a result of the bonding failure shape in low-temperature conditions such as -15, 0, and $20^{\circ}C$, it was found that most of the debonding occurred at the interface between the tack coat and RCC surface. On the other hand, the interface between the HMA and tack coat was weaker than that between the tack coat and RCC at a high temperature of $40^{\circ}C$. CONCLUSIONS : This study suggested an optimal application rate of tack coat materials to apply to RCC-base composite pavement. The bond strengths at high temperatures were significantly lower than the required bond (tensile) strength of 0.4 MPa. It was known that the temperature was a critical factor affecting the bond strength at the interface of the RCC-base composite pavement.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.169-179
• /
• 1988

In the part 1, relations were found between fundmental mechanical properties and primary hand values, performance of Korean women's summer fabrics. In this paper, in order to investigate the hand values and mechanical properties such as tensile, shearing, bending, compression, surface and thickness & weight of the women's fall & winter fabrics were measured by KES-F system. Sorts of 90 commercial fabrics for women's fall & winter clothes were classfied into 39 silk and 51 polyester fabrics according to meterials. The experimental results were analysed statistically to relate the hand values and the mechanical properties and concerning to formation of weared clothes and transformation behavior were investigated. Furthermore, there mechanical properties as well as their hand values were discussed in comparison with those values for kimono fabrics. The main results are summarized as follows; 1. The shape of silk fabrics in formation for weared clothes show a box-shaped silhouette. Polyester fabrics has a easy to shape-less and make a silhouette which goes along with the body. 2. Silk fabrics for Korean women's fall & winter clothes have ${\pm}1\sigma$ range of bending, shearing, surface properties and thickness as compared with kimono fabrics. 3. A wrinkle recovery and drapability of silk fabrics for Korean women's fall & winter clothes are inferior to kimono fabrics. On the other hand, the fabrics for Korean women's fall & winter clothes have conical-shaped silhouette based on higher bending rigidity. 4. Except for flexibility with soft feeling, a primary factor of mechanical properties contributes to the hand values of fabrics for Korean women's fall & winter clothes having no concern with materials were same as the women's summer fabrics. 5. As for the hand values of fabrics for Korean folk clothes, stiffness, anti-drape stiffness are larger than those of kimono fabric and stiffness, anti-drape stiffness, crispness of fabrics for Korean women's fall & winter clothes have smaller values as compared with Korean women's summer fabrics.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 환경적인 요인으로 인한 성능저하현상으로 내구성 저하가 예상되는 건대-구의간 고가교의 현재 상태를 분석하고 내구성 저하로 인한 내구연한의 감소를 막기 위하여 고가교 구조물의 경량화를 통한 성능개선을 수행하고자 한다. 경량화 작업은 콘크리트 방음벽을 경량재 방음벽으로, 도상을 자갈도상에서 콘크리트 도상으로, 마지막으로 트라프를 경량화 함으로써 고가교 전체의 경량화를 유도한다. 이러한 고가교 경량화에 따른 정적 및 동적 거동 변화와 성능개선 효과를 분석하고, PSC I 형교 구간의 내하율 증진에 의한 구조안전성을 확인한다. 경량화 결과 구조물의 처짐이 2.6mm가 감소하고 1.07MPa의 인장응력이 감소된 것으로 평가되어 대상 구조물의 구조성능이 효과적으로 개선되었음을 알 수 있다. 고유진동수도 경량화에 따라 약 30% 증가하여 진동이 감소하고 동적거동이 향상되었다. 또한, 해석 및 계측 결과를 근거로 하여 대상교량의 내하력을 평가한 결과, 경량화에 따라 내하율이 1.82에서 1.93으로 증가하여 경량화에 따른 성능개선 효과가 우수한 것으로 판명되었다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.85-93
• /
• 2016

본 논문에서는 범용유한요소해석 프로그램인 ABAQUS를 사용하여 국내에서 사용되는 콘크리트벽돌을 조적채움벽으로 가진 철근콘크리트 골조를 대상으로 유한요소해석을 실시하였다. 해석대상은 순수골조, 채움벽의 두께가 0.5B인 골조, 두께가 1.0B인 골조의 3종류이다. 철근콘크리트 골조 및 채움벽의 재료특성은 재료시험 결과로부터 구하였으나 두께가 1.0B인 채움벽의 경우 벽돌의 쌓기방법의 차이에 의해 0.5B 두께의 실험체보다 4배 정도 증가된 인장강도를 사용하였다. 유한요소 해석결과는 실험을 통해 구한 하중-변위관계 및 변위각에 따른 균열양상을 상당히 정확하게 예측하였다. 유한요소해석 결과의 분석을 통해 조적채움벽과 골조사이의 접촉응력 및 골조의 전단력과 휨모멘트를 산정하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제31권6A호
• /
• pp.457-464
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 경질형 폴리우레아로 보강된 RC 슬래브의 보강성능과 파괴거동을 파악하기 위한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 보강성능을 평가하기 위해 경질형 폴리우레아를 도포한 시험체와 기존의 보강재로 사용되는 탄소섬유시트와 유리섬유시트를 부착한 시험체, 무보강 시험체를 제작하여 실험을 수행하였으며, 구조물의 보강성능에 큰 영향을 미치는 부착성능 평가도 수행하였다. 휨 성능 평가결과로는 경질형 폴리우레아를 도포한 시험체는 무보강 시험체보다 높은 휨 성능을 보였지만 섬유시트를 부착한 시험체보다는 다소 낮은 휨 성능을 나타내었다. 하지만 경질형 폴리우레아를 도포한 시험체는 탄성범위를 넘어선 소성구간에서의 연성거동은 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 부착성능 결과에서는 모든 시험체의 부착성능이 표준부착 강도인 1.5 MPa 이상의 값으로 높게 나타났다. 또한, 경질형 폴리우레아를 도포한 시험체는 섬유시트의 보강방법에 사용되는 에폭시 레진을 사용하지 않아도 인장용 지그와 경질형 폴리우레아의 탈락이 일어나지 않고 콘크리트 모재와의 탈락이 발생한 것으로 나타나 경질형 폴리우레아를 콘크리트의 보강재로 사용 할 경우 부착성능의 저하로 인한 보강효과의 성능저하는 일어나지 않을 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.1677-1685
• /
• 2014

섬유를 콘크리트의 보강재로 소량 혼입한 섬유 보강 콘크리트는 콘크리트의 인장저항 능력과 연성능력을 향상시킬 수 있다. 최근에는 강섬유의 적용성이 확대됨에 따라 강섬유 길이의 연장을 통해 보강의 효과를 증대시키고 있다. 섬유의 길이 연장은 동일한 시공성과 품질성을 위해 섬유 혼입률을 동시에 감소시킬 필요가 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 35mm, 60mm 길이의 강섬유와 화학적인 안정성과 내구성, 경제성 등이 우수한 보강 재료로 평가되어지고 있는 폴리프로필렌 섬유에 대해 섬유혼입률 1.0% 이하에서의 휨 성능을 평가하였다. 강섬유 혼입률이 0.25% 이상, 폴리프로필렌 섬유는 혼입률 0.5% 이상에서 균열강도 도달 후 취성 파괴되는 무보강보의 파괴거동을 개선하는 효과가 나타났다. 다만, 폴리프로필렌 섬유가 혼입된 보강 콘크리트는 균열 이후 deflection-softening 거동을 보였다. 그러나, 0.5%이상의 폴리프로필렌이 혼입된 보강보는 균열 이후 최대강도가 균열강도의 약 60~80%정도 강도회복을 보였으며, 강섬유에 비해 균열 이후 응력감소현상을 지연시키는 경향이 뛰어난 것으로 판단된다. 결론적으로 폴리프로필렌 보강콘크리트는 0.75% 혼입률 이상에서는 충분히 만족할 만한 구조적 휨 성능 향상을 보일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 특히, 폴리프로필렌 1.0% 보강 콘크리트의 에너지 흡수 성능은 0.5%, 0.75%가 혼입된 강섬유 보강 콘크리트의 에너지 흡수성능과 거의 비슷한 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.35-48
• /
• 1988

Modern technological progress demands the use of materials at high temperature and high pressure. One of the most critical factors in considering such applications - perhaps the most critical one - is creep behavior. In this study the stress exponents n were determined during creep over the temperature range of $90^{\circ}C\;to\;500^{\circ}C$ (0.4 - 0.85 Tm) and stress range of 0.64 kgt/$mm^2$ in order to investigate the creep hehavior. The stress dependence of rapture time (n') were determined over the temperature range of $200^{\circ}C\;to\;240^{\circ}C$ and stress range of 8.13 kgt/$mm^2$ to 9.55 kgt/$mm^2$ in order to investigate to creep rupture property. And the stress transient dip tests were also carried out for the internal stress ${\sigma}i$ over the temperature range of $90^{\circ}C\;to\;500^{\circ}C$ and stress range of 0.64kgt/$mm^2$ to 17.2 kgt/$mm^2$. The creep tests for constant temperature and stress transient dip tests were conducted in air with Al 7075 alloy under constant tensile load. At around the temperature range $200^[\circ}C\;-\;230^{\circ}C$ and the stress level 8.13 - 9.55 (kgt/$mm^2$), the temperature range $280^{\circ}C\;-\;310^{\circ}C$ and the stress level 1.85 - 2.55 (kgt/$mm^2$), the temperature range $380^{\circ}C\;-\;410^{\circ}C$ and the stress 1.53 - 0.91 (kgt/$mm^2$), the stress exponent in had the value of 6.2 - 6.65 but at around the temperature range $90^{\circ}C\;-\;120^{\circ}C$ and the stress level 10 - 17.2(kgt/$mm^2$), the value of 1.3, and at around the temperature range $470^{\circ}C\;-\;500^{\circ}C$, the stress level 0.62 - 1.02 (kgt/$mm^2$) the value of 1-1. Besides these results, at around the temperature $200^{\circ}C\;-\;240^{\circ}C$ the stress dependence of rupture time (n') had the value of 6.3. Finally, it was found that the value n calculated by considering the applied stress dependence of the internal stress were in good agreement with those obtained for the creep test. Then, it was concluded that the change in n was mainly attributed to the difference of the applied stress dependence of the internal stress and the ratio of the internal stress to the applied stress, and the creep rupture life may be represented as.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.135-135
• /
• 2010

In Mn-Ge equilibrium phase diagram, many Mn-Ge intermetallic phases can be formed with difference structures and magnetic properties. The MnGe has the cubic structure and antiferromagnetic(AFM) with Neel temperature of 197 K. The calculation predicted that the $MnGe_2$ with $Al_2Cu$-type is hard to separate between the paramagnetic(PM) states and the AFM states because this compound displays PM and AFM configuration swith similar energy. Mn-doped Ge showed the FM with Currie temperature of 285 K for bulk samples and 116 K for thin films. In addition, the $Mn_5Ge_3$ compound has hexagonal structure and FM with Curie temperature around 296K. The $Mn_{11}Ge_8$ compound has the orthorhombic structure and Tc is low at 274 K and spin flopping transition is near to 140 K. While the bulk $Mn_3Ge_2$ exhibited tetragonal structure ($a=5.745{\AA}$;$c=13.89{\AA}$) with the FM near to 300K and AFM below 150K. However, amorphous $Mn_3Ge_2$ ($a-Mn_3Ge_2$) was reported to show spin glass behavior with spin-glass transition temperature (Tg) of 53 K. In addition, the transition of crystalline $Mn_3Ge_2$ shifts under high pressure. At the atmospheric pressure, $Mn_3Ge_2$ undergoes the magnetic phase transition from AFM to FM at 158 K. The pressure dependence of the phase transition in $Mn_3Ge_2$ has been determined up to 1 GPa. The transition was found to occur at 1 GPa and 155 K with dT/dP=-0.3K/0.1 GPa. Here report that Ferromagnetic $Mn_3Ge_2$ thin films were successfully grown on GaAs(001) and GaSb(001) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy. Our result revealed that the substrate facilitates to modify magnetic and electrical properties due to tensile/compressive strain effect. The spin-flopping transition around 145 K remained for samples grown on GaSb(001) while it completely disappeared for samples grown on GaAs(001). The antiferromagnetism below 145K changed to ferromagnetism and remained upto 327K. The saturation magnetization was found to be 1.32 and $0.23\;{\mu}B/Mn$ at 5 K for samples grown on GaAs(001) and GaSb(001), respectively.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.160-170
• /
• 2010

강섬유를 혼입한 콘크리트(Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete, SFRC) 보는 강섬유의 우수한 인장강도로 인하여 일반 철근콘크리트 보에 비하여 높은 전단강도를 가진다. 이 연구에서는 강섬유 혼입율에 따른 SFRC 보의 전단거동을 규명하기 위하여 실험을 수행하였으며, 특히, 압축영역에서의 비균열 콘크리트 단면의 전단저항 분담율을 분석하였다. 또한, 이 연구의 실험결과 및 기존에 보고된 87개의 실험 데이터를 수집하여 SFRC보의 전단예측식들에 대한 정확도를 평가하였다. 강섬유의 혼입율이 증가할수록 전단강도는 증가하는 경향성을 나타내었다. 그러나, 강섬유 혼입율이 0.5%인 실험체는 사인장 균열 이후 갑작스럽게 파괴되었고, 강섬유의 혼입율이 2.0%인 실험체에서는 전단보강효율이 감소하는 것으로 관찰되어 최대 전단보강효율을 가질 수 있는 혼입율은 1~2% 사이에 있을 것으로 추정된다. 또한, 압축영역에서의 비균열 콘크리트 단면의 전단저항 분담율은 약 21% 이상으로 관찰되었으며, 이 연구에서 평가된 SFRC보의 전단강도에 대한 기존 제안식 중에서 오영훈 등이 제안한 식이 비교적 정확하게 전단강도를 예측하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.33.1-33.12
• /
• 2019

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of the restorative technique on the mechanical response of endodontically-treated upper premolars with mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavity. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight premolars received MOD preparation (4 groups, n = 12) with different restorative techniques: glass ionomer cement + composite resin (the GIC group), a metallic post + composite resin (the MP group), a fiberglass post + composite resin (the FGP group), or no endodontic treatment + restoration with composite resin (the CR group). Cusp strain and load-bearing capacity were evaluated. One-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test were used with ${\alpha}=5%$. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to calculate displacement and tensile stress for the teeth and restorations. Results: MP showed the highest cusp (p = 0.027) deflection ($24.28{\pm}5.09{\mu}m/{\mu}m$), followed by FGP ($20.61{\pm}5.05{\mu}m/{\mu}m$), CR ($17.62{\pm}7.00{\mu}m/{\mu}m$), and GIC ($17.62{\pm}7.00{\mu}m/{\mu}m$). For load-bearing, CR ($38.89{\pm}3.24N$) showed the highest, followed by GIC ($37.51{\pm}6.69N$), FGP ($29.80{\pm}10.03N$), and MP ($18.41{\pm}4.15N$) (p = 0.001) value. FEA showed similar behavior in the restorations in all groups, while MP showed the highest stress concentration in the tooth and post. Conclusions: There is no mechanical advantage in using intraradicular posts for endodontically-treated premolars requiring MOD restoration. Filling the pulp chamber with GIC and restoring the tooth with only CR showed the most promising results for cusp deflection, failure load, and stress distribution.