• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2012

변형경화형 시멘트 복합체(SHCC)는 직접인장 상황에서 FRCCs에 비해 우수한 변형경화 특성을 갖는 재료이다. 하지만 SHCC는 일반적인 콘크리트에 비해서 시멘트비율이 높은 부배합 이며, 이에 따라서 자기수축이 큰 특성을 갖는 재료이다. 따라서 시멘트 복합체 내에 팽창재를 대체함으로써 수축저감을 통한 성능향상을 기대하였다. 이 연구에서는 각 강도별 SHCC의 배합에 팽창재를 대체함에 따른 역학적특성을 평가하고자 하였다. 시험결과 설계기준 압축강도 70MPa 배합이 압축, 인장, 휨, 시험에서 우수한 역학적 특성을 나타내었으며, 균열 특성에서는 팽창재를 대체한 SHCC가 균열분산 및 연성에서 우수한 특성을 나타내었다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2013

최근 시멘트혼합토(CSG)가 많은 설계 시공에 적용되어지고 있다. CSG재료는 경화 초기엔 흙과 같은 역학적 특성을 보이지만 시간이 경과함에 따라 점차 콘크리트 재료적 특성을 발현하게 된다. 경화된 시멘트혼합토는 작은 변형률에서 최대강도가 발현되고 이 후 급격한 취성파괴에 도달하는 탄성적인 성질을 띠게 된다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 CSG재료의 취성거동특성을 완화하고 상대적으로 취약한 인장성능을 개선하고자 PVA 섬유보강재를 적용하였다. 섬유보강 CSG재료는 재하시 하상시료와 섬유사이의 결합력으로 섬유에 인장력이 발생하여 혼합시료의 인장강도 증가와 급작스런 취성파괴발생을 방지할 수 있다. 실험결과 섬유보강만으로도 CSG재료의 응력-변형특성을 취성파괴에서 연성파괴로 유도할 수 있으며, 섬유보강에 의한 잔류강도 증가효과를 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 석션파일의 인발거동을 조사하기 위해 유한차분법 상용 프로그램인 FLAC3D를 이용하여 수치해석을 수행하였다. 석션파일의 인발지지력을 전통적인 지지력 식을 이용하여 구하고, 이 값을 파일의 직경, 길이, 그리고 주변 점토의 비배수 전단강도를 변수로 하는 수치해석을 통한 해석 값과 비교하였다. 총 24개의 수치해석 결과를 바탕으로 석션파일의 인발파괴는 석션파일의 배수조건뿐만 아니라 파일의 제원과 주변 지반의 물성값에 의해 형태가 결정되는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 수치해석 결과로부터 석션파일 내부 주면에 발현되는 전단응력을 구하여 활동파괴와 인장파괴 중 어떤 파괴가 발생할 것인지를 결정하는데 사용하였다. 외부주면의 전단응력과 관계없이 높은 내부 전단응력을 얻은 경우 수치해석 내에서 활동파괴가 발생하는 경우가 많았으며, 이는 전통적인 지지력 공식으로부터 얻은 예측과 잘 맞았다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2018

Many laboratory experiments on crack propagation under uniaxial loading and biaxial loading have been conducted in the past using transparent materials such as resin, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), etc. However, propagation behaviors of three-dimensional (3D) cracks in rock or rock-like materials under tri-axial loading are often considerably different. In this study, a series of true tri-axial loading tests on the rock-like material with two semi-ellipse pre-existing cracks were performed in laboratory to investigate the acoustic emission (AE) characteristics and propagation characteristics of 3D crack groups influenced by intermediate principal stress. Compared with previous experiments under uniaxial loading and biaxial loading, the tests under true tri-axial loading showed that shear cracks, anti-wing cracks and secondary cracks were the main failure mechanisms, and the initiation and propagation of tensile cracks were limited. Shear cracks propagated in the direction parallel to pre-existing crack plane. With the increase of intermediate principal stress, the critical stress of crack initiation increased gradually, and secondary shear cracks may no longer coalesce in the rock bridge. Crack aperture decreased with the increase of intermediate principal stress, and the failure is dominated by shear fracturing. There are two stages of fracture development: stable propagation stage and unstable failure stage. The AE events occurred in a zone parallel to pre-existing crack plane, and the AE zone increased gradually with the increase of intermediate principal stress, eventually forming obvious shear rupture planes. This shows that shear cracks initiated and propagated in the pre-existing crack direction, forming a shear rupture plane inside the specimens. The paths of fracturing inside the specimens were observed using the Computerized Tomography (CT) scanning and reconstruction.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.261-278
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• 2020

In steel-concrete composite beams, to improve the cracking resistance of the concrete slab in the hogging moment region, a new type of connector in the interface, named uplift-restricted and slip-permitted screw-type (URSP-S) connector has been proposed. This paper focuses on the behavior of steel-concrete composite beams with URSP-S connectors. A total of three beam specimens including a simply supported beam with URSP-S connectors and two continuous composite beams with different connectors arrangements were designed and tested. More specifically, one continuous composite beam was equipped with URSP-S connectors in negative moment region and traditional shear studs in other regions. For comparison, the other one was designed with only traditional shear studs. The failure modes, crack evolution process, ultimate capacities, strain responses at different locations as well as the interface slip of the three tested specimens were measured and evaluated in-depth. Based on the experimental study, the research findings indicate that the larger slip deformation is allowed while using URSP-S connectors. Meanwhile, the tensile stress reduces and the cracking resistance of the concrete slab improves accordingly. In addition, the overall stiffness and strength of the composite beam become slightly lower than those of the composite beam using traditional shear studs. Moreover, the arrangement suggestion of URSP-S connectors in the composite beam is discussed in this paper for its practical design and application.

• 폴리머
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2009

Isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI)를 이소시아네이트 화합물로 사용하고, poly (tetramethylene glycol)(PTMG)과 polycarbonate diol(PCD)을 혼합한 폴리올을 사용하여 선형 수분산성 폴리우레탄(WPU)을 합성하고, 이들을 필름으로 캐스팅하여 폴리카보네이트(PC) 함량 변화에 따른 기계적 특성과 염색성, 내알칼리성 변화를 분석하였다. WPU 필름에 PC 성분의 함량이 증가함에 따라 인장강도는 증가하고 파단신도는 감소하였으며, 분산염료에 대한 겉보기 염착량이 감소하였지만, 내알칼리성은 영향이 없었다. 합성한 WPU 용액을 PET 섬유 인공피혁용 함침가공제로 사용한 결과, PTMG 만을 폴리올로 사용한 WPU 수지로 처리한 경우보다 인공괴혁의 마찰견뢰도, 일광견뢰도, 내세탁성 등 염색견뢰도를 크게 증가시킬 수 있었다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.487-493
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• 2012

To analyze the factors on stretch-flangeability for 980 MPa-grade hot-rolled steels, two types of steels (Fe-Cr and Fe-Mo) were manufactured by hot-rolling. Manufactured steels at the low coiling temperature, such as 400 and $500^{\circ}C$, had poor stretch-flangeability due to un-uniformly distributed carbides and a large deviation of interphase hardness. However, when the coiling temperature was set at $650^{\circ}C$ with Fe-Cr steel, 998 MPa of ultimate tensile strength, 19% of total elongation and 65% of the hole expanding ratio were achieved by microstructural constituents of polygonal ferrite (PF) and granular ferrite (GF) dispersed with fine carbides (<50 nm). Therefore, the material to attain 980 MPa with superior formability was the Fe-Cr steel that was precipitation-hardened in polygonal ferrite and granular ferrite at the coiling temperature $650^{\circ}C$.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권12호
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• pp.967-976
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• 2011

Conventional fracture tests of resistance spot welds have been performed without consideration of the paint baking process in the automobile manufacturing line. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of the paint baking process on load carrying capacity and fracture mode for resistance spot welded 590 dual phase (DP), 780DP, 980DP, 590 transformation in duced plasticity (TRIP), 780TRIP and 1180 complex phase (CP) steels. With paint baking after resistance spot welding, the l-shape tensile test (LTT) and nano-indentation test were conducted on the as-welded and paint baked samples. Paint baking increased the load-carrying capacity of the resistance spot welded samples and improved the fracture appearance from partial interfacial fracture (PIF) to button fracture (BF). Improvement in fracture appearance after LTT is observed on weldments of 780 MPa grade TRIP steels, especially in the low welding current range with paint baking conditions. The higher carbon contents (or carbon equivalent) are attributed to the low weldability of the resistance spot welding of high strength steels. Improvement of the fracture mode and load carrying ability has been achieved with ferrite hardening and carbide formation during the paint baking process. The average nano-indentation hardness profile for each weld zone shows hardening of the base metal and softening of the heat affected zone (HAZ) and the weld metal, which proves that microstructural changes occur during low temperature heat treatment.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.405-423
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• 2016

In this study, the feasibility of using telecommunication single-mode optical fiber (SMF) as a distributed fiber optic strain and crack sensor was evaluated in concrete pavement monitoring. Tensile tests on various sensors indicated that the $SMF-28e^+$ fiber revealed linear elastic behavior to rupture at approximately 26 N load and 2.6% strain. Six full-scale concrete panels were prepared and tested under truck and three-point loads to quantify the performance of sensors with pulse pre-pump Brillouin optical time domain analysis (PPP-BOTDA). The sensors were protected by precast mortar from brutal action during concrete casting. Once air-cured for 2 hours after initial setting, half a mortar cylinder of 12 mm in diameter ensured that the protected sensors remained functional during and after concrete casting. The strains measured from PPP-BOTDA with a sensitivity coefficient of $5.43{\times}10^{-5}GHz/{\mu}{\varepsilon}$ were validated locally by commercial fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. Unlike the point FBG sensors, the distributed PPP-BOTDA sensors can be utilized to effectively locate multiple cracks. Depending on their layout, the distributed sensors can provide one- or two-dimensional strain fields in pavement panels. The width of both micro and major cracks can be linearly related to the peak strain directly measured with the distributed fiber optic sensor.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.267-273
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• 1998

MDI와 에스테르타입의 폴리올인 EBA, NBA, HA를 각각 반응시켜 이소시아네이트 말단기를 갖는 다양한 우레탄 프리폴리머를 합성하였다. 합성된 프리폴리머는 상온에서는 100% 고형분이었으며, 약 $80^{\circ}C$로 가열하면 용융되어 도포에 적당한 흐름성을 나타내었고, 냉각하면 고화되고 습기와 반응하면서 서서히 경화되었다. 대기중의 습기와 반응하여 경화된 우레탄수지의 인장물성은 폴리올의 구조에 따라 특징적인 거동을 나타내었다. 접착력은 EBA, NBA, HA순의 큰 값을 나타내었으며, 이는 동일한 조건에서 가교된 우레탄수지의 파단에너지와 같은 경향을 나타내었다. 또한, 접착조인트의 파괴는 모두 접착제 자체에서 일어났으며, 시험속도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 이로 미루어, 우레탄 핫멜트 접착제 자체의 강인성이 접착력을 결정하는 주요 요인임을 알 수 있었다.