• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.430-439
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• 2016

Medicine herb residues boards were manufactured by using medicine herb residues, and emission properties of volatile compounds from boards were examined under various temperature conditions. The volatile compounds were identified with analysis of TD GC/MS by absorbing their flavor components in Tenax tubes. Total 88 volatile compounds were identified from the board. The number of identified compounds at temperature conditions of $25^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$, and $45^{\circ}C$ were 44, 55, and 65 kinds, respectively. The number of volatile compounds and the total peak area tended to increase with an increase in the temperature. The number of the flavor components detected in all temperature conditions were 34 kinds. Hydrocarbon compounds showed 93% of the detected flavor compounds at $25^{\circ}C$, 92% at $35^{\circ}C$, and 90% at $45^{\circ}C$. Ether compounds accounted for 4% and ketone, aldehyde, and acid-type compounds were detected in a small quantity. The hydrocarbons were composed of 17 kinds of monoterpenes and 39 kinds of sesquiterpenes, which accounted for 11% and 80%, respectively. The most detected compound of monoterpene was limonene, and the major flavor components of sesquiterpenes were ${\alpha}-curcumene$, zingiberene, ${\beta}-elemene$, ${\beta}-selinene$, ${\alpha}-amorphene$, and ${\alpha}-copaene$. Anethole (3.26%) known for ether compounds was detected considerably in all temperature conditions. The results suggest that the manufactured medicine herb residues board include various types of flavor compounds and the flavor compounds might be useful for the manufacture of various products.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2013

The present study was designed to examine the concentrations, emission rates, and source characteristics of a variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in 30 newly-constructed apartment buildings by measuring indoor and outdoor VOC concentrations over a 2-year period. For comparison, seven villa-type houses were also surveyed for indoor and outdoor VOC concentrations over a 3-month period. Indoor and outdoor air samples were collected on Tenax-TA adsorbent and analyzed using a gas chromatograph (GC)/mass spectrometer system or a GC/flame ionization detector system coupled to a thermal desorption system. The long-term change in indoor VOC concentrations depended on the type of VOCs. Generally, aromatic (except for naphthalene), aliphatic, and terpene compounds exhibited a gradual deceasing trend over the 2-year follow-up period. However, the indoor concentrations of the six halogenated VOCs did not significantly vary with time changes. Similar to these halogenated VOCs, the indoor naphthalene concentrations did not vary significantly with time changes over the 2-year period. Unlike the halogenated VOCs, the indoor naphthalene concentrations were much higher than the outdoor concentrations. The indoor concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic compounds were higher for the villa-type houses when compared to those of apartment buildings. In addition, four source groups (floor coverings and interior painting, household products, wood paneling and furniture, moth repellents) and three source groups (floor coverings and interior painting, household products, and moth repellents) were considered as potential VOC sources inside apartment buildings for the first- and second-year post-occupancy stages, respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 1984

Volatiles from Mallus pumila Miller Var. Fuji, Ralls Janet and Jonathan during maturity were examined. The volatiles of apples were collected by the headspace trapping method using. Tenax GC and identified by gas liquid chromatography and GC-mass spectrometry. Among over 34 GLC peaks, 23 esters, 9 alcohols and 2 aldehydes were identified. The quantity of volatiles produced was increased in proportion to the degree of maturity, and 1-butanol, isobutyl butyrate, 2-pentanol, ethyl valerate and hexanal were major.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.616-623
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• 2010

Recently, interests in indoor air quality (IAQ) have been increased; however, a number of researchers have mainly focused on anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOC) emitted from building materials. Therefore, the properties of natural VOC (NVOC) and anthropogenic VOC (AVOC) emitted from wood-based panels was investigated in this work. VOCs emitted from these panels were sampled through Tenax TA/Cabotrap and analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. Comparisons were made concerning TVOC, NVOC, and composition ratios of NVOC. It was revealed that TVOC emission rates of midium density fiber (MDF) were the highest. Besides, it was found that emissions of NVOC from wood-based panels were much higher than those of anthropogenic AVOC except for plywood of Oceania timber. It was also observed that the composition ratio of NVOC emitted from plywood of Pinus radiata was the highest as 65% of TVOC. Major NVOC components were monoterpene compounds such as $\alpha$-pinene, $\beta$-pinene, d-limonene, camphene and $\alpha$-terpinene. It was concluded that the composition rates of VOCs emitted from building materials were clearly different according to the raw materials and manufacturing methods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.222-228
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• 2013

Objectives: The indoor air quality of newly-built (NC) and remodeled (RC) school classrooms was assessed. The primary aim was to show correlations between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde (HCHO) pollutant levels. Methods: This study investigated the indoor air concentrations of VOCs and HCHO at 26 sites of newly built and 68 sites of remodeled classrooms located in South Gyeongsang Province between 2010 and 2012. VOCs in the indoor air were determined by adsorbent tube (Tenax TA) and automatic thermal desorption coupled with GC-MS analysis. Target analytes were five VOCs: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene. HCHO was collected with a 2,4-DNPH cartridge and analyzed by HPLC. Conclusions: This study estimated that indoor VOCs and HCHO concentrations in the classrooms were mainly affected by interior building materials and classroom equipment. For proper indoor air quality in schools, classroom air should be improved through reduction of hazardous materials by adequate ventilation, selecting environmental friendly materials, etc.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.515-525
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• 2002

A field study was conducted to estimate the emission rate of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from pine trees. In addition, the influences of meteological variables on their distribution characteristics have been investigated. A vegetation enclosure chamber was designed and constructed of Tedlar bag and acril. Sorbent tubes made up of Tenax TA and Carbotrap were used to collect biogenic VOCs emitted from each individual tree. Analysis of BVOCs was performed using a GC-FID system. The fundamental analytical parameters including linearity, retention time, recovery efficiency, and breakthrough volume were examined and verified for the determination of monoterpene emission rates. Total average concentration of each component is found to be $\alpha$-pinene (16.5), $\beta$-pinene (4.61) from pine trees, and $\alpha$-pinene (42.4), $\beta$-pinene (18.7 ng(gdw)$^{-1}$ hr$^{-1}$ ) from Korean pine trees. On the basis of our study, $\alpha$-pinene was found to be the major monoterpene emitted from both pine and Korean pine trees which were accompanied by $\beta$-pinene, camphene, and limonene. In ambient air, variable monoterpene compositions of emissions from pine trees were similar to Korean pine trees. Emission rates of monoterpene from each tree were found to depend on such parameters as temperature and solar radiation.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 1981

A simple micro-sampling system is described which facilitates isolation and concentration of complex organic constituents into three fractions of different volatilities. The method involves the headspace trapping of very volatile components from a complex matrix onto a porous polymer, Tenax GC, followed by the solvent elution of the matrix and the subsequent fractions of the eluate into volatile and less-volatile fractions. The headspace and the volatile fractions are then analyzed by high-resolution capillary gas chromatography. The less-volatile fraction is analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Experimental details and the results obtained using tobacco leaves as a complex organic matrix are presented.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.2675-2679
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• 2009

This paper reports the example of headspace mulberry paper bag micro solid phase extraction (HS-MPB-$\mu$-SPE) as a new sampling method for the determination of volatile flavor composition of coriander seeds. Adsorption efficiencies between two configurations of mulberry paper bag were compared, and several parameters affecting the HS-MPB-$\mu$-SPE were investigated and optimized. The optimized technique uses an adsorbent (Tenax TA, 0.1 mg) contained in a mulberry paper bag of front configuration where fine surface was outside, and minimal amount of organic solvent (0.6 mL). Linalool and $\gamma$-terpinene were found as abundant flavor compounds from coriander seeds. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) for linalool of major flavor in coriander seeds were 10.3 ng/mL and 34.4 ng/mL, respectively. The proposed method showed good reproducibility and good recovery. The HS-MPB-$\mu$-SPE is very simple to use, inexpensive, requires small sample amounts and solvent consumption. Because the solvent for extraction is reduced to only a very small volume, there is minimal waste or exposure to toxic organic solvent and no further concentration step.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.488-497
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• 2009

In this study, analytical methodology for several organic fatty acids (OFA: propionic acid (PA), butyric acid (BA), isovaleric acid (IA), and valeric acid (VA)) designated as new offensive odorants in Korea (as of year 2010) was investigated along with some odorous VOCs (styrene, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, butyl acetate, and isobutyl alcohol). For this purpose, working standards (WS) containing all of these 13 compounds were loaded into adsorption tube filled with Tenax TA, and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) system thermal desorber interfaced with. The analytical sensitivities of organic fatty acids expressed in terms of detection limit (both in absolute mass (ng) and concentration (ppb)) were lower by 1.5-2 times than other compounds (PA: 0.24 ng (0.16 ppb), BA: 0.19 ng (0.11 ppb), IA: 0.15 ng (0.07 ppb), and VA: 0.28 ng (0.13 ppb)). The precision of BA, IA, and VA, if assessed in terms of relative standard error (RSE), maintained above 5%, while the precison of other compounds were below 5%. The reproducibility of analysis improved with the aid of internal standard calibration (PA: $1.1{\pm}0.4%$, BA: $10{\pm}0.46$, IA; $12{\pm}0.3%$, VA: $4{\pm}0.1%$), respectively. The results of this study showed that organic fatty acid can be analyzed using adsorption tube and thermal desorber in a more reliable way to replace alkali absorption method introduced in the odor prevention law of the Korea Ministry of Environment (KMOE).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1415-1419
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the seasonal variation characteristics of phytoncide in trail of Ulsan Metropolitan. Air samples were collected from May to December 2011. They were collected using Tenax Ta tube and phytoncides were detected and quantified using a Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GC/MSD). This study are summarized as follows; The seasonal concentrations of phytoncide are Munsu Mt. 272.3 ${\mu}g/m^3$, Samho Mt. 192.4 ${\mu}g/m^3$, Shinbul Mt. 50.9 ${\mu}g/m^3$, Sibli Bamboo forest 22.4 ${\mu}g/m^3$ and Joongbu Fire Station 24.4 ${\mu}g/m^3$. In Munsu Mt., Samho Mt. and Shinbul Mt. major component ratio is ${\alpha}$-Pinene > ${\beta}$-Pinene+Myrcene >Limonene >Camphene > ${\gamma}$-Terpinene > ${\alpha}$-Terpinene. Bamboo forest and Joongbu fire station major component ratio is ${\alpha}$-Pinene >Limonene > ${\beta}$-Pinene+Myrcene >Camphene > ${\alpha}$-Terpinene. The variation of seasonal concentration is summer >spring >fall >winter. The phytoncide concentration of coniferous forest(Munsu Mt., Samho Mt.) is higher than broadleaf forest(Shinbul Mt.).