• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제22권4호통권179호
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• pp.313-322
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• 1984

This study was designed to observe the marginal leakage of three permanent cements affected by three temporary cements. The temporary cements used in this study were Zinc oxide-eugenol, Non-eugenol, and Calcium hydroxide cements and the permanent cements were Zinc phosphate, Polycarboxylate and Alumina reinforced EBA cements. To measure the dye penetration into permanently cemented zone, the experimental specimens were treated with the temporary cements for a week. An analysis of the data obtained from 120 specimens resulted in the following conclusions: 1. Regardless of the types of the permanent cements used, using Calcium hydroxide cement as temporary cement showed higher marginal leakage than other temporary cements. 2. Using Polycarboxylate cement as permanent cement showed less marginal leakage than other permanent cements. 3. The marginal leakage in zinc phosphate cement was similar to Alumina reinforced EBA cement regardless of the types of the temporary cements.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2002

This study investigated the effect of temporary cement and desensitizer on the bond strength of luting cements. Total 96 dentin specimens were divided into two groups with and without temporary cementation. For temporary cement-tread group, specimens were cemented with $Temp-bond^{(R)}$ and all specimens were stored in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Each cup was further divided into 3 subgroups with $Gluma^{(R)},\;One-step^{(R)}$ application and without desensitizer After desensitizer application, Ni-Cr specimens were luted to dentin surface with $Panavia-F^{(R)}$ and $Vitremer^{(R)}$ Specimens were placed in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours and shear bond strength between metal and dentin was measured by a universal testing machine. The results were as follows : 1. In $Panavia-F^{(R)}$ cemented groups, the combination of $One-step^{(R)}$ without temporary cement showed the greatest strength. Among the desensitizer types, $One-step^{(R)}$ showed the highest bond strength, followed by No-desensitizer, $Gluma^{(R)}$. 2. In $Vitremer^{(R)}$ cemented groups, the combination of no temporary cement and without desensitizer showed the greatest bond strength. Among the desensitizer types, No-desensitizer group showed the highest bond strength. 3. The use of $Gluma^{(R)}$ significantly reduced the shear bond strength in $Panavia-F^{(R)}$ and $Vitremer^{(R)}$ groups. 4. All temporary cement-treated groups showed a significant lower shear bond strength than without temporary cement groups. 5. Desensitizer application significantly influenced the bond strength of the resin cement and resin modified glass ionomer cement.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.685-698
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• 1995

Temporary cement가 상아질 접착제의 접착 성능에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 소의 하악 전치 100개를 사용하여 순면의 상아질을 노출 시키고 유지놀을 함유하지 않은 Nogenol 및 TempBond NE와 유지놀을 함유한 TempBond 및 산화아연 유지놀세멘트를 각각 도포하여 7일 경과 후 제거하였다. All-Bond 2 및 SuperBond C&B 상아질 접착제를 제조회사의 지시대로 사용하여 접착시킨뒤 $37^{\circ}C$ 항온조에서 24시간 보관 후 인장접착강도를 측정하고, 응집 파단율을 산정하였다. 그리고 temporary cement를 적용하지 않은 상아질면과 temporary cement를 도포하였다가 제거한 상아질면에 10% 인산 수용액 및 10% 구연산 수용액으로 각각 산처리한 상아질 표면성상과 접착실험후의 파단면을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. All-Bond 2로 접착시킨 경우에 는 사용한 temporary cement의 종류에 관계없이 실험군의 인장접착강도가 temporary cement를 사용하지 않은 대조군에 비해 유의하게 낮게 나타냈으나(p<0.05), Super-Bond C&B로 접착시킨 경우에는 유의한 차이가 없었다.(p>0.05). 2. 유지놀을 함유하는 temporary cement와 유지놀을 함유하지 않는 temporary cement를 각각 적용한 실험군들의 인장접착 강도 간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다.(P>O.05). 3. 응집파단율 산정결과 All-Bond 2로 접착 시킨 경우에는 대조군에서 응집-부착성의 혼합파단양상이，실험군에서는 부착성 파단양상이 주로 나타났으나, Super-Bond C&B로 접착 시킨 경우에는 대조군과 실험군 모두에서 용접성파단양상이 우세하게 나타났다. 4. 주사전자현미경적 관찰상에서 temporary cement의 종류에 관계없이 temporary cement를 도포한후 제거하고 10% 인산 수용액 또는 10-3 용액으로 전처리한 모든 시편에서 미세한 temporary cement의 잔존물을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 1977

The purpose of this study was to determine human pulp reactions to temporary cements such as zinc oxide-eugenol cement, modified zinc oxide-eugenol cement (Cavitec) and calcium hydroxide cement (Dycal). Deep class V cavities were prepared in the human teeth with ultrahigh-speed handpiece operating at a free running speed of 300,000 r.p.m., using # 701 bur and water spray coolant. The cavities were flushed with water, dried with cotton pellets and filled with zinc oxide-eugenol cement, modified zinc oxide-eugenol cement and calcium hydroxide cement respectively. The teeth were divided into two groups, which one group was extracted after One day and the other was extracted after seven days. The samples were examined with microscope and the findings were as follows; 1. The pulp reactions to temporary cements were generally mild. Among them the reactions were moderate in zinc oxide-eugenol cement and, slight in calcium hydroxide cement. 2. Calcium hydroxide cement may be used properly as temporary cement for the purpose of pulp protection.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.144-149
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• 2016

PURPOSE. The use of temporary or permanent cements in fixed implant-supported prostheses is under discussion. The objective was to compare the retentiveness of one temporary and two permanent cements after cyclic compressive loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The working model was five solid abutments screwed to five implant analogs. Thirty Cr-Ni alloy copings were randomized and cemented to the abutments with one temporary (resin urethane-based) or two permanent (resin-modified glass ionomer, resin-composite) cements. The retention strength was measured twice: once after the copings were cemented and again after a compressive cyclic loading of 100 N at 0.72 Hz (100,000 cycles). RESULTS. Before loading, the retention strength of resin composite was 75% higher than the resin-modified glass ionomer and 2.5 times higher than resin urethane-based cement. After loading, the retentiveness of the three cements decreased in a non-uniform manner. The greatest percentage of retention loss was shown by the temporary cement and the lowest by the permanent resin composite. However, the two permanent cements consistently show high retention values. CONCLUSION. The higher the initial retention of each cement, the lower the percentage of retention loss after compressive cyclic loading. After loading, the resin urethane-based cement was the most favourable cement for retrieving the crowns and resin composite was the most favourable cement to keep them in place.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.125-140
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• 2011

보철물을 기능적으로 평가하기 위해 임시 시멘트로 임시 합착을 한 경우 보철물 내면의 잔여 임시 시멘트는 레진 시멘트를 이용한 최종 합착에 있어서 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 다양한 임시 시멘트 제거 방법과 임시 시멘트의 잔여 성분이 임플란트 전용 레진 시멘트와 보철물의 유지력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 임플란트 지대주는 일반적인 시멘트 유지형 보철물 제작에 사용되는 높이 5.5 mm, 직경 4.5mm, 6도의 축면 경사도와 chamfer 변연을 갖는 기성품(Solid abutment, GSRAS4621, Osstem Implant Co., Busan, Korea)을 사용하였다. 40개의 주조시편을 제작하여 합착 전 70 psi하에 공기입자 분사법을 시행하였고, 10개의 시편을 임시 시멘트의 합착과정 없이 바로 최종 시멘트로 합착하여 대조군으로 설정하였으며 나머지 시편을 각 10개씩 임시 시멘트 제거를 위하여 오렌지 솔벤트를 이용한 군, 초음파 세척을 이용한 군, 공기입자 분사법을 이용한 군으로 나누었다. 임시 시멘트의 합착과 분리 후 제거과정을 거쳐 최종 시멘트로 임플란트 전용 시멘트($Premier^{(R)}$ Implant $Cement^{TM}$, Premier Co., PA, U.S.A.)를 사용하여 최종 합착을 실시하였다. 각 시편은 10분간 5 kg의 하중 하에 합착하였으며 열순환을 거쳐 만능시험기에서 분당 0.5 mm의 속도로 인장접착강도를 측정하였다. 측정이 끝난 뒤 모든 시편을 초음파 세척과 공기입자 분사법, 증기 세척의 과정을 통해 내면의 잔여 성분을 제거하였다. 완전 건조 후 비유지놀계 임시 시멘트를 사용하여 다시 임시 합착, 분리를 거친 후 동일한 실험 과정을 반복하였고 인장접착강도를 측정하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 오렌지 솔벤트를 사용한 군이 가장 작은 유지력을 나타냈으며 초음파 세척법을 사용한 군과 공기 입자 분사법을 사용한 군과 비교시 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 초음파 세척법을 사용한 군과 공기 입자 분사법을 사용한 군 간의 비교시 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 오렌지 솔벤트를 사용한 군은 대조군과 비교시 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며(p<0.05), 초음파 세척법을 사용한 군과 공기 입자 분사법을 사용한 군은 대조군과 비교시 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 임시 시멘트의 유지놀 성분의 유무에 따른 비교시 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로부터 임시 시멘트 제거를 위해 오렌지 솔벤트만을 사용하는 것은 임플란트 전용 시멘트를 사용한 최종 합착시 유지력 감소의 원인이 될 수 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 임플란트 보철물 내면의 임시 시멘트를 효과적으로 제거하기 위한 방법으로 초음파 세척법, 공기 입자 분사법, 또는 이들의 복합적인 사용이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.259-268
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• 2007

purpose: This study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic by removable method of temporary cement on the abutment tooth. Material and Method: Sixty molar teeth of human with the occlusal surface up were mounted in acrylic resin blocks. The 45 specimens were prepared to exposure dentin by diamond bur and the eugenol-containing temporary cement($Cavitec^{TM}$ ($KERR^{(R)}$, U.S.A)was applied to the dentin surfaces. After initial removal of the cement with a dental explorer, the specimens were divided into 4 groups of 15 specimens each. The dentin surfaces of the specimens were treated by rotary instrument with as follow pastes: $Zircate^{(R)}$ prophy paste(Dentsply, U.S.A), Radent Prophy Paste(Pascal company,inc. U.S.A), and Dental pumice(Wip mix corporation,U.S.A). An adhesive resin luting agent(Variolink $II^{(R)}$, Ivoclar Vivadent, Leichtenstein) including Monobond-S and $Excite^{(R)}$ was applied to all specimens. The ceramic specimens were made with an A1 ingot of IPS Empress $II^{(R)}$ (Ivoclar Vivadent, Leichtenstein). After the specimens were stored in distilled water for 48hr, the shear bond strength(MPa) was measured by a Universal testing machine(Zwick 145641, Zwick, Germany) at a 1mm/min cross-head speed. The data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. Results: In all group, there were no significant differences in comparison with the control group(p>0.05). The pattern of most failure showed the mixed type of cohesive and adhesive failure. Conclusion: Resin bond strength of IPS Empress $II^{(R)}$ was not affected by removal method of the temporary cement.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.151-157
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• 1991

The roles of temporary sealing materials used in endodontics are impotant Especially, its marginal sealing properties affect endodontic success and failure in endodontic treatment The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare and evaluate the marginal sealing properties of various temporary restorative materials used in endodontic access cavity by using electrochemical method. Standard endodontic access cavities were prepared in extracted human molar teeth and filled with Caviton, IRM, zinc oxide - eugenol cement. Each specimen was immersed in 1 % solution of KCl, and applied a potential of 9 V external power supply. Marginal microleakage and water sorption were measured for marginal sealing effect evaluation in comparison with each group. A comparative study of the obtained results have led to the following conclusions. 1. The Caviton group showed lower marginal microleakage value than the zinc oxide - eugenol cement and IRM group the 6 th day after. The IRM group showed lwoer marginal microleakage value than the zinc oxide - eugenol cement group from the 6 th day to the 12 th day. But there was no significant difference between zinc oxide - eugenol cement and IRM group after the 13 th day. 2. As time went by, marginal microleakage value was increased in Caviton, IRM and zine oxide - eugenol cement.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제22권9호통권184호
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• pp.803-811
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• 1984

The purpose of this study was to research how temporary cementation effected on the bond strength of permanent cementation. Zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate and EBA ZOE cements were used as permanent cements, and as temporary cements Nogenol, Tempak and Dycal were used. The ninety six (96) specimens were prepared to measure the bond strength of permanent cements after treated with temporary cements for one week. The tensile stregths were measured with an Instron Universal Test Machine. The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1. With zinc phosphate cement, there was a tendency that the bond strengths of the group of temporarily cemented with Nogenol were increased, meanwhile they were decreased a little in the groups of Dycal and Tempak than those of the control group. 2. With polycarboxylate cement, there was a tendency that the bond strengths of the Control group were higher than those of experimental groups and they were decreased in order of Tempak, Noginol, and Dycal. 3. With EBA ZOE cement, there was a tendency that the bond strengths of the group of temporarily cemented with Tempak were increased a little, meanwhile they were decreased a little in the groups of Nogenol and Dycal than those of the Control group. 4. Among the permanent cements, the bond strengths of polycarbosylate cement were the highest and were followed in order of zinc phosphate cement and EBA ZOE cement.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to measure and compare the removal torques of different cements applied in attachments of zirconia restorations on titanium (Ti) abutments fitted with retrievable cement-type slot (RCS) on the lingual side for the better retrievablity by use of a slot driver. Materials and Methods: Three types of cements were used in the experiment: two permanent cements in $RelyX^{TM}$ U200 (RU) (3M ESPE) which is a resin cement and $FujiCem^{TM}$ (FC) (GC) which is a resin-modified glass ionomer cement, and a temporary cement in $Freegenol^{TM}$ temporary cement (TC) (GC). Measurements of removal torques were conducted as follows; an attached sample was fixed on the equipment customized for the experiment; a slot driver was connected to a MGT12 (Mark-10 Corp.), a torque measurement instrument; the sample had the driver fitted to its RCS and then was rotated until the it was removed; and finally, the maximum torque value was recorded. Result: As for the removal torque measurement results, the average values were $47.9{\pm}2.6Ncm$ for RU, $43.4{\pm}1.5Ncm$ for FC, and $20.9{\pm}1.0Ncm$ for TC. The statistical analysis using Kruskal-Wallis test yielded the significance probability of P<0.05 (P=0.002), which confirmed the presence of significant differences between the three groups. Conclusion: All three cements exhibit clinically acceptable levels of removal torque when applied to an upper zirconia implant restoration fitted with a lingual slot, with RU and FC, the two permanent cements, having the significantly higher values than that of TC, the temporary cement.