• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.377-397
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• 2005

A new box model is proposed to describe the dynamic trend of the spatially averaged concentrations of pollutants over a large urban area such as metropolitan Seoul. Being averaged temporally and spatially over a thresh-hold scales, the dynamics of the pollutant concentration becomes simple enough that the governing equation can be expressed in an explicit algebraic form as a function of several meteorological factors and the pollutant emission rate. The single most important meteorological factor is the wind speed dominating the daily variations of the pollutant concentrations. Given the meteorological data from the surface station in the metropolitan Seoul, the model concentration shows excellent agreement with observations from January 1, 1990 to December 31, 2000: the modeling uncertainty, for example, of $NO_2$ concentrations, defined as mean differences between the model concentrations and observations is $16\%$ of the model concentrations. Even for $PM_{10}$ of which secondary sources are considered to be very important and simple box model is irrelevant to, the model performance turns out good, modeling uncertainty being about $32\%$.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2007

A vertical transect with 4 km length was established for the macrofaunal survey on the Chokchon macrotidal flat in Kyeonggi Bay, Incheon, Korea, 1994. Tidal elevation (m) and sediment mean grain size $(\phi)$ were inversely predicted by the transfer functions from the faunal assemblages. Three methods: weighted average using optimum value (WA), tolerance weighted version of the weighted average (WAT) and maximum likelihood calibration (MLC) were employed. Estimates of tidal elevation and mean grain size obtained by using the three different methods showed positively corresponding trends with the observations. The estimates of MLC were found to have the minimum value of sum of squares due to errors (SSE). When applied to the previous data $(1990\sim1992)$, each of three inference models exhibited high predictive power. This result implied there are visible relationships between species composition and faunas' critical environmental factors. Although a potential significance of the two major abiotic factors was re-affirmed, a weak tendency of biological interaction was detected from faunal distribution patterns across the flat. In comparison to the spatial and temporal patterns of the estimates, it was suggested that sediment characteristics were the primary factors regulating the distribution of macrofaunal assemblages, rather than tidal elevation, and the species composition may be sensitively determined by minute changes in substratum properties on a tidal flat.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2014

This research was conducted to examine the temporal methane ($CH_4$) and nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emission trends in livestock agriculture from year 1990 to 2011 with Tier 1 national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory reporting method, which was related to efforts of decreasing GHG emissions and to achievement of voluntary GHG mitigation target. Methane emissions from enteric fermentation were calculated with default $CH_4$ emission factors of IPCC. Methane and $N_2O$ emissions from manure treatment processes were calculated with Tier 1 and mixture of Tier 1 and Tier 2 including $N_2O$ emission factors of manure treatment systems and nitrogen excretion rate of livestock, respectively. According to 2013 National GHG Inventory Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification report, GHG emission fluctuations from enteric fermentation and manure treatment processes were similarto livestock head fluctuation. GHG emissions from enteric fermentation were mainly affected by beef cattle including Hanwoo, while manure treatment processes were affected by various livestock.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2005

In order to understand regional wind characteristics and to estimate offshore wind resources, a wind map of the Korean Peninsula was established using remote-sensing data from the satellite, U.S. NASA Quik SCAT which has been deployed for the Sea Winds Project since 1999. According to the linear regression result between the wind map data and in-situ marine-buoy data, the correlation factor was greatly improved up to 0.87 by blending the remote-sensing data of Quik SCAT with U.S. NCEP/NCAR CDAS reanalysis data to eliminate precipitation interference and to increase temporal resolution. It is found from the established wind map that the wind speed in winter is prominent temporally and the South Sea shows spatially high energy density over the wind class 6. The reason is deduced that the north-west winds through the Yellow Sea and the north-east winds through the East Sea derived by the low pressure developed in Japan are accelerated passing through the Korea Channel and formed high wind energy region in the South Sea; the same trends are confirmed from the statistical analysis of the meteorological observation data of KMA.

• 천문학논총
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.629-631
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• 2015

In this proceedings, preliminary results of the KVN Source-Frequency Phase-Referencing (SFPR) observation of 3C 66A and 3C 66B are presented. The motivation of this work is to measure the core-shift of these 2 sources and study the temporal evolution of the jet opacity. Two more sources were observed as secondary reference calibrators and each source was observed at 22, 43, and 86 GHz simultaneously. Our preliminary results show that after using the observations at the lower frequency to calibrate those at the higher frequency of the same source, the residual visibility phases for each source at the higher frequencies became more aligned, and the coherence time became much longer; also, the residual phases for different sources, within 10 degrees angular separations, follow similar trends. After reference to the nearby calibrator, the SFPRed maps were obtained as well as the astrometric measurements, i.e. the combined coreshift. The measurements were found to be affected by structural blending effects because of the large beamsize of KVN, but this can be corrected with higher resolution maps (e.g. KAVA maps).

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.257-267
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• 2011

This paper examines the spatial and temporal variability in the shoreline boundary caused by artificial structures in Songdo Beach of South Korea. Quickbird Images of 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2010 extracted from Google Earth were used to identify changing trends of shoreline boundary. The most significant changes were observed in area where groins were extensively established, inducing the sand beach much narrower than before in almost 75% of the area($15070.72m^2$ in 2003 to $3877.46m^2$ in 2010). The Google Earth made it possible to identify area-wide patterns of shoreline change subject to many different type of artificial structures, which cannot be acquired by traditional field sampling. Groin heights, lengths and profiles can be modified during maintenance operations if the Google Earth monitoring indicates that the initial layout is not operating properly as a physical barrier to control sediment transport. It is anticipated that this research could be used as a valuable reference to confirm the outputs from past field researches for coastal processes to respond to storms in more visual and quantitative manner.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.591-603
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• 2016

Investigations of Enterobius sp. infection in prehistory have produced a body of data that can be used to evaluate the geographic distribution of infection through time in the Americas. Regional variations in prevalence are evident. In North America, 119 pinworm positive samples were found in 1,112 samples from 28 sites with a prevalence of 10.7%. Almost all of the positive samples came from agricultural sites. From Brazil, 0 pinworm positive samples were found in 325 samples from 7 sites. For the Andes region, 22 pinworm positive samples were found in 411 samples from 26 sites for a prevalence of 5.3%. Detailed analyses of these data defined several trends. First, preagricultural sites less frequently show evidence of infection compared to agricultural populations. This is especially clear in the data from North America, but is also evident in the data from South America. Second, there is an apparent relationship between the commonality of pinworms in coprolites and the manner of constructing villages. These analyses show that ancient parasitism has substantial value in documenting the range of human behaviors that influence parasitic infections.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.384-392
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the health inequality discourse in the Korean press by analyzing newspaper articles using a relatively new content analysis technique. Methods: This study used the search term "health inequality" to collect articles containing that term that were published between 2000 and 2018. The collected articles went through pre-processing and topic modeling, and the contents and temporal trends of the extracted topics were analyzed. Results: A total of 1038 articles were identified, and 5 topics were extracted. As the number of studies on health inequality has increased over the past 2 decades, so too has the number of news articles regarding health inequality. The extracted topics were public health policies, social inequalities in health, inequality as a social problem, healthcare policies, and regional health gaps. The total number of occurrences of each topic increased every year, and the trend observed for each theme was influenced by events related to its contents, such as elections. Finally, the frequency of appearance of each topic differed depending on the type of news source. Conclusions: The results of this study can be used as preliminary data for future attempts to address health inequality in Korea. To make addressing health inequality part of the public agenda, the media's perspective and discourse regarding health inequality should be monitored to facilitate further strategic action.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze the trends of phamacopuncture used in facial nerve palsy related articles that have been published in the Korean medicine journal. Methods : 242 papers related to facial nerve palsy were retrieved from Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System(OASIS) and Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal(KTKP). We selected 13 research papers treated with pharmacopuncture for facial nerve palsy. We analyzed for type of pharmacopuncture used, treatment point and clinical type. Results : 1. The number of searched articles is thirteen. 2. The most common clinical type of facial nerve palsy is Bell's palsy. Other types are accompanying tympanitis type, herpes zoster oticus, caused by traumatic temporal bone fracture type, Foville syndrome, Foville-Millard-Gubler syndrome and multiple cerebral neuritis. 3. In the case of pharmacopuncture, the most frequently used type is Hominis Placenta Pharmacopunture. The second is Hwangreonhaedok-tang and Hwangreon Pharmacopuncture. Other than that BV, Sinbaro, Jungsongouhyul Pharmacopuncture, Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum Pharmacopuncture and Ginseng pharmacopuncture are used. 4. The most frequently used part as a treatment point is ST4, ST6, TE17.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.367-379
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• 2019

연구목적: 본 연구는 기후변화에 따른 재난의 특성을 분석하여 기후위험에 대비하기 위한 관리체계를 제시함을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법: 최근 국내외 자연재난으로 인한 피해의 추이를 분석하고 기후변화에 따른 재난의 특성을 파악함으로써 기후위험을 위한 관리체계를 설계한다. 연구결과: 기후변화에 따른 위험의 불확실성과 다양한 규모의 재난을 고려할 때, 위험의 평가에서부터 목표 설정, 계획 수립, 모니터링 및 평가, 학습과 조정 등의 핵심과정을 포함하는 포괄적 기후위험 관리체계가 요구되며, 이는 이해관계자 참여를 바탕으로 지속적으로 반복되는 체계를 의미한다. 결론: 본 연구에서 제시한 포괄적 기후위험 관리체계를 효과적으로 추진하기 위해 시범사업을 통해 관리체계를 수정 및 보완하고, 필요한 제도적 여건을 마련해야 한다.