• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.88-96
• /
• 2021

Background: Sika deer, Cervus nippon, were originally introduced to South Korea from Japan and Taiwan for commercial farming purposes. Unfortunately, they were released into the wild during religious events and have since begun to impact the native ecosystem and species endemic to South Korea. The study of activity patterns can improve our understanding of the environmental impact of non-native species and their association with sympatric species. Using camera traps, we studied the diel and seasonal activity patterns of non-native sika deer and quantified the temporal overlap with sympatric mammalian species in the Muljangori-oreum wetlands of Hallasan National Park, South Korea. Results: A total of 970 trap events were recorded for five mammalian species from nine locations during the camera-trap survey. Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus) had the highest number of recorded events (72.0%), followed by sika deer (Cervus nippon) (16.2%), wild boar (Sus scrofa) (5.0%), Asian badger (Meles leucurus) (4.5%), and the Jeju weasel (Mustela sibirica quelpartis) (2.0%). Sika deer had bimodal activity patterns throughout the year, with peaks throughout the spring-autumn twilight, and day and night time throughout the winter. Relating the daily activity of sika deer with other mammalian species, roe deer expressed the highest degree of overlap (Δ₄ = 0.80) while the Asian badger demonstrated the lowest overlap (Δ₄ = 0.37). Conclusions: Our data show that sika deer are a crepuscular species with seasonal variations in daily activity patterns. Additionally, we identified the temporal differences in activity peaks between different mammals in the Muljangori-oreum wetlands and found higher degree of overlap between sika deer and roe deer during twilight hours.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
• /
• 2005.09a
• /
• pp.161-164
• /
• 2005

Data mining techniques can be applied to identify patterns of interest in the gene expression data. One goal in mining gene expression data is to determine how the expression of any particular gene might affect the expression of other genes. To find relationships between different genes, association rules have been applied to gene expression data set [1]. A notable limitation of association rule mining method is that only the association in a single profile experiment can be detected. It cannot be used to find rules across different condition profiles or different time point profile experiments. However, with the appearance of time-series microarray data, it became possible to analyze the temporal relationship between genes. In this paper, we analyze the time-series microarray gene expression data to extract the sequential patterns which are similar to the association rules between genes among different time points in the yeast cell cycle. The sequential patterns found in our work can catch the associations between different genes which express or repress at diverse time points. We have applied sequential pattern mining method to time-series microarray gene expression data and discovered a number of sequential patterns from two groups of genes (test, control) and more sequential patterns have been discovered from test group (same CO term group) than from the control group (different GO term group). This result can be a support for the potential of sequential patterns which is capable of catching the biologically meaningful association between genes.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.40 no.3 s.108
• /
• pp.310-320
• /
• 2005

This study attempts at prototyping and evaluating a geovisualization tool that summarizes and explores human activity patterns using spatio-temporal trajectory data collected from GPS receiver. A set of core conceptualization developed in 'time geography' is successfully represented by our prototype based on the notion of 'space-time cube.' The notions of 'temporal dispersion cylinder' and 'parallel plane plot' are also implemented to allow funker analyses of human activity pattern on the space-time trajectory. The capabilities of the geovisualization environment we proposed include the interactive and dynamic functions that support a variety of explorations on the three components of spatio-temporal data : space(where), time(when), and object(what).

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.335-346
• /
• 2002

LBS(Location Based Services) provide the location-based information to its mobile users. The primary functionality of these services is to provide useful information to its users at a minimum cost of resources. The functionality can be implemented through data mining techniques. However, conventional data mining researches have not been considered spatial and temporal aspects of data simultaneously. Therefore, these techniques are inappropriate to apply on the objects of LBS, which change spatial attributes over time. In this paper, we propose a new data mining technique for identifying the temporal patterns from the series of the locations of moving objects that have both temporal and spatial dimension. We use a spatial operation of contains to generalize the location of moving point and apply time constraints between the locations of a moving object to make a valid moving sequence. Finally, the spatio-temporal technique proposed in this paper is very practical approach in not only providing more useful knowledge to LBS, but also improving the quality of the services.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.72-80
• /
• 2000

This study was to investigate the effects of a functional electrical stimulation (FES) on temporal parameters (stride length, step width and cadence) of gait patterns in a patient with right hemiparesis. A single-subject reversal (ABAB) design was used. The subject was a 25-year-old male who had foot drop and circumduction gait pattern. An ink foot-print method was used to assess the temporal parameters of gait between the baseline phase and the intervention phase. FES was applied at 8 m walkway, three times a week for 5 weeks. The results showed that stride length was increased by 4.04 cm and that step width was decreased by 3.93 cm in the intervention phase. There was no difference in cadence between the baseline phase and intervention phase.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.65-76
• /
• 2007

Studies in landscape ecology have emphasized on the relationship between landscape patterns and shapes. A variety of landscape metrics has been developed so far to quantify landscape structures. Therefore, their developments and widespread applications become possible with the advent of spatial information systems including geographic information systems(GIS) and remote sensing. This study is to grasp the change of land use and landscape ecology indices, and to analyze the change of landscape structure in a part of Gyeonggi-do during 15 years from 1985 to 2000. Green-area distribution maps and agricultural-area distribution maps for the analysis were reconstructed from land cover maps constructed by WAMIS(Water Management Information System). And then, 4 landscape ecology indices(TA, LPI, SHAPE_AM, CAI_MN) for the green-area and 5 landscape ecology indices(TA, PD, LPI, LSI, CAI_MN) for the agricultural-area were selected by using pearson correlation analysis. According to the spatio-temporal change analysis using landscape ecology indices, the green-area fragmentation of Yongin was the most severe of the study area and the agricultural-area fragmentation of Gwangju and Namyangju was more severe than any other regions.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.29-40
• /
• 2008

With the spread of mobile devices and advances in communication techknowledges, the needs of application which uses the movement patterns of moving objects in history trajectory data of moving objects gets Increasing. Especially, to design public transportation route or road network of the new city, we can use the similar patterns in the trajectories of moving objects that move on the spatial network such as road and railway. In this paper, we propose a spatio-temporal similar trajectory search algorithm for moving objects on road network. For this, we define a spatio-temporal similarity measure based on the real road network distance and propose a grid-based index structure for similar trajectory search. Finally, we analyze the performance of the proposed similar trajectory search algorithm in order to show its efficiency.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.53-65
• /
• 2020

This study aimed to provide a basic information for managing the water quality of national and regional 1st rivers in Gyeongnam by analyzing the emerging hot spot patterns in BOD, T-P, and TOC, and by grouping the changing trends into clusters. The emerging hot spot analysis for each water quality item was implemented in ArcGIS Desktop with monthly water quality data from 96 water environmental monitoring stations in Gyeongnam, and then four patterns of water quality change were classified by the K-mean cluster analysis. As for BOD, persistent cold spot pattern covered about 42.9% of target rivers, and T-P concentration tended to be low or be getting lower at over 70% of target rivers. While, for TOC, about 70% of target rivers resulted in oscillating hot spots. In addition, the cluster analysis showed that the downstream of Nakdong river had the top priority in terms of water quality management because of the increasing concentration for all the three water quality.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.481-490
• /
• 2009

Diverse posttranslational modifications of histones, such as acetylation and methylation, play important roles in controlling gene expression. Histone methylation in particular is involved in a broad range of biological processes, including heterochromatin formation, X-chromosome inactivation, genomic imprinting, and transcriptional regulation. Recently, it has been demonstrated that proteins containing the Jumonji (Jmj) C domain can demethylate histones. In Arabidopsis, twenty-one genes encode JmjC domain-containing proteins, which can be clustered into five clades. To address the biological roles of the Arabidopsis genes encoding JmjC-domain proteins, we analyzed the temporal and spatial expression patterns of nine genes. RT-PCR analyses indicate all nine Arabidopsis thaliana Jmj (AtJmj) genes studied are actively expressed in various tissues. Furthermore, studies of transgenic plants harboring AtJmj::${\beta}$-glucuronidase fusion constructs reveal that these nine AtJmj genes are expressed in a developmentally and spatially regulated manner.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.299-303
• /
• 2008

In this study, an uncertainty assessment for surface air temperature(T2m) and precipitation(PCP) over East Asia is carried out. The data simulated by the intergovermental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) Atmosphere-Ocean coupled general circulation Model (AOGCM) are used to assess the uncertainty. Examination of the seasonal uncertainty of T2m and PCP variabilities shows that spring-summer cold bias and fall warm bias of T2m are found over both East Asia and the Korea peninsula. In contrast, distinctly summer dry bias and winter-spring wet bias of PCP over the Korea peninsula is found. To investigate the PCP seasonal variability over East Asia, the cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function(CSEOF) analysis is employed. The CSEOF analysis can extract physical modes (spatio-temporal patterns) and their undulation (PC time series) of PCP, showing the evolution of PCP. A comparison between spatio-temporal patterns of observed and modeled PCP anomalies shows that positive PCP anomalies located in northeastern China (north of Korea) of the multi-model ensemble(MME) cannot explain properly the contribution to summer monsoon rainfalls across Korea and Japan. The uncertainty of modeled PCP indicates that there is disagreement between observed and MME anomalies. The spatio-temporal deviation of the PCP is significantly associated with lower- and upper-level circulations. In particular, lower-level moisture transports from the warm pool of the western Pacific and corresponding moisture convergence significantly contribute to summer rainfalls. These lower- and upper-level circulations physically consistent with PCP give a insight of the reason why differences between modeled and observed PCP occur.