• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권7호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2013

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common type of medically intractable epilepsy in adults and children, and mesial temporal sclerosis is the most common underlying cause of TLE. Unlike in the case of adults, TLE in infants and young children often has etiologies other than mesial temporal sclerosis, such as tumors, cortical dysplasia, trauma, and vascular malformations. Differences in seizure semiology have also been reported. Motor manifestations are prominent in infants and young children, but they become less obvious with increasing age. Further, automatisms tend to become increasingly complex with age. However, in childhood and especially in adolescence, the clinical manifestations are similar to those of the adult population. Selective amygdalohippocampectomy can lead to excellent postoperative seizure outcome in adults, but favorable results have been seen in children as well. Anterior temporal lobectomy may prove to be a more successful surgery than amygdalohippocampectomy in children with intractable TLE. The presence of a focal brain lesion on magnetic resonance imaging is one of the most reliable independent predictors of a good postoperative seizure outcome. Seizure-free status is the most important predictor of improved psychosocial outcome with advanced quality of life and a lower proportion of disability among adults and children. Since the brain is more plastic during infancy and early childhood, recovery is promoted. In contrast, long epilepsy duration is an important risk factor for surgically refractory seizures. Therefore, patients with medically intractable TLE should undergo surgery as early as possible.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.564-573
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• 2006

시간정보는 정보 추출, 질의응답 시스템, 자동 요약과 같은 자연언어 처리 응용분야에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 사건 탐지 및 추적 분야에서는 기사의 발행일이 기사간 유사도 계산에 많이 사용되고 있지만 그 유용성에는 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 사건 탐지 및 추적 시스템의 성능을 향상시키기 위해서, 한국어 신문기사를 대상으로 비교적 간단한 자연언어 처리 기술을 사용해서 시간정보를 추출하는 방법을 개발하였다. 시간표현 어구를 추출하기 위해 품사패턴과 어휘사전이 사용되었고, 추출된 시간표현 어구는 정규화 과정을 통해 특정 시각 또는 기간으로 변환되었다. 실험을 통해 시간표현 추출과정의 정확도를 측정하였고, 기사에서 자동으로 추출된 시간을 사용함으로써 사건 탐지 및 추적 시스템의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• 대한치매학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.148-157
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• 2023

Background and Purpose: Episodic memory is a system that receives and stores information about temporally dated episodes and their interrelations. Our study aimed to investigate the relevance of episodic memory to time perception, with a specific focus on simultaneity/order judgment. Methods: Experiment 1 employed the simultaneity judgment task to discern differences in time perception between patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia, and age-matched normals. A mathematical analysis capable of estimating subjects' time processing was utilized to identify the sensory and decisional components of temporal order and simultaneity judgment. Experiment 2 examined how differences in temporal perception relate to performance in temporal order memory, in which time delays play a critical role. Results: The temporal decision windows for both temporal order and simultaneity judgments exhibited marginal differences between patients with episodic memory impairment, and their healthy counterparts (p = 0.15, t(22) = 1.34). These temporal decision windows may be linked to the temporal separation of events in episodic memory (Pearson's ρ = -0.53, p = 0.05). Conclusions: Based on our findings, the frequency of visual events accumulated and encoded in the working memory system in the patients' and normal group appears to be approximately (5.7 and 11.2) Hz, respectively. According to the internal clock model, a lower frequency of event pulses tends to result in underestimation of event duration, which phenomenon might be linked to the observed time distortions in patients with dementia.

• 물과 미래
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.115-124
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• 1993

본 연구는 유수지.배수펌프장설계를 위한 계획강우의 임계지속기간의 결정 및 이에 근거한 계획 유수지.배수펌프장의 적정규모 추정에 관한 것이다. 계획강우의 지속기간과 시간적 분포형의 변화에 따른 영향을 파악하기 위하여 20~240분 범위의 9가지 경우의 지속기간들과 Huff의 4분위법에 의한 4종류의 강우분포들을 검토대상 강우로 선택하였으며, 유출해석모형으로는 ILLUDAS를 사용하였다. 임계지속기간 결정기준으로서 저류비(총유출량에 대한 최대저류량의 비)의 개념을 도입하였으며, 이 값을 최대로 하는 지속기간을 계획강우의 임계지속기간으로 하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 배수구역면적이 $0.24~12.7\textrm{km}^2인$ 서울시의 18개 유수지.배수펌프장을 선정하였으며, 분석 결과 전반적으로 30분과 60분이 임계지속기간으로 나타났다. 도한 Huff의 제 2, 3분위형의 경우가 제 1, 4분위형 보다 큰 저류비를 보여주었다. 또한 임계지속기간을 갖는 강우조건에서의 최대저류비와 첨두입출비간의 회귀식을 제시하였다. 이 관계식은 유수지 배수펌프장 계획수립에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.327-338
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• 2000

complexity in atmospheric environment coupled with shoreline and complex terrain often causes local variations of meteorology that are distinct from those representative over larger surrounding area, These kinds of local variations are less significant in usual long-term environmental impact analyses dealing with continuous plume. The variations could however be crucial in predicting dispersion of toxic substance released in a relatively small area for a short duration. In the present paper the effects of spatial and temporal resolution of diagnostic wind field on the dispersion of the released substance are investigated by using a puff model. A hypothetical release scenario assumes that a substance is released from a location in the Yochon Industrial Estate and passively dispersed within a few-kilometer distance for an hour. The results show that diagnostic analysis could resolve more spatial variations to some extent by employing smaller grid size. The peak concentrations and puff trajectories obtained from spatially -and/or tmeporally -varing diagnostic wind field are found appreciably different from those obtained from uniform wind field. Attention to high-resolution wind field in the both spatial and temporal spaces is called in the consequence analysis of toxic substance release.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.219-236
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• 2023

In this paper, finite element modeling of the laser ultrasonics (LU) process in ablation regime is of interest. The momentum resulting from the removal of material from the specimen surface by the laser beam radiation in ablation regime is modeled as a pressure pulse. To model this pressure pulse, two equations are required: one for the spatial distribution and one for the temporal distribution of the pulse. Previous researchers have proposed various equations for the spatial and temporal distributions of the pressure pulse in different laser applications. All available equations are examined and the best combination of the temporal and spatial distributions of the pressure pulse that provides the most accurate results is identified. This combination of temporal and spatial distributions has never been used for modeling laser ultrasonics before. Then by using this new model, the effects of variations in pulse duration and laser spot radius on the shape, amplitude, and frequency spectrum of ultrasonic waves are studied. Furthermore, the LU in thermoelastic regime is simulated by this model and compared with LU in ablation regime. The interaction of ultrasonic waves with a defect is also investigated in the LU process in ablation regime. Good agreement of the results obtained from the new finite element model and available experimental data confirms the accuracy of the proposed model.

• 감성과학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2018

인간이 외부 환경에 적절하게 대응하기 위해서는 정확한 시간 지각이 필요함에도 불구하고 다양한 비 시간적(non-temporal) 특성들이 시간 지각에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 그동안 시간 지각에 영향을 주는 다양한 요인들이 검증되었지만 참가자와 자극 간의 거리가 시간 지각에 영향을 주는지 직접 검증한 연구는 없다. 본 연구는 자극의 망막상 크기, 물리적 크기, 지각된 크기를 고려하여 관찰 거리가 시간 지각에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 연구 결과, 자극의 물리적 크기 및 지각된 크기가 동일한 실험에서 관찰 거리의 효과가 나타나지 않았으며, 자극의 망막상 크기가 동일한 실험에서만 관찰 거리의 효과가 나타났다. 이는 자극의 망막상 크기가 동일한 경우, 관찰 거리가 증가할수록 자극의 물리적 크기 또한 커지기 때문에 자극의 크기가 시간 지각에 영향을 준 결과일 수 있다. 이러한 실험 결과는 정보가 제한되지 않는 경우에 관찰거리가 변화하더라도 대상의 지속시간이 항상성 있게 지각될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.101-112
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• 2022

Extreme precipitation events have recently become a leading cause of disasters. Thus, investigating the variability and trends of extreme precipitation is crucial to mitigate the increasing impact of such events. Spatial distribution and temporal trends in annual precipitation and four extreme precipitation indices of duration (CWD), frequency (R10 mm), intensity (Rx1day), and percentile-based threshold (R95pTOT) were analyzed using the daily precipitation data of 10 observation stations in Chungcheong province during 1974-2020. The precipitation at all observation stations, except the Boryeong station, showed nonsignificant increasing trends at 95% confidence level (CL) and increasing magnitudes from the west to east regions. The high variability in mean annual precipitation was more pronounced around the northeast and northwest regions. Similarly, there were moderate to high patterns in extreme precipitation indices around the northeast region. However, the precipitation indices of duration and frequency consistently increased from the west to east regions, while those of intensity and percentile-based threshold increased from the south to east regions. Nonsignificant increasing trends dominated in CWD, R10 mm, and Rx1day at all stations, except for R10 mm at Boeun station and Rx1day at Cheongju and Jecheon stations, which showed a significantly increasing trend. The spatial distribution of trend magnitude shows that R10 mm increased from the west to east regions. Furthermore, variations in precipitation were very strongly correlated (99% CL) with R10 mm, Rx1day, and R95pTOT at all stations, except with wR10 mm at Cheongju station, which was strongly correlated with a 95% CL.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2001

주파수 위상 간섭계를 이용한 전기장 재구성 방법(SPIDER)을 이용하여 Kerr 렌즈 모드록킹된 티타늄 사파이어 레이저 공진기에서 생성된 펨토초 영역의 극초단 펄스의 펄스폭과 위상을 측정하였다. 8cm 길이의 SF10 매질과 마이켈슨형의 시간지연암(arm)을사용하여 주파수 층밀림(shearing)을 구현하고 제2종 BBO결정으로 합주파수 발생을 시켜 SPIDER 장치를 구성 하였다 얻어진 층밀림 주파수 간섭 신호로부터 SPIDER 알고리즘을 이용하여 펄스의 전기장을 복원하였다 SPIDER의 정확도를 확인하기 위해 SPIDER에서 얻은 펄스로 재구성한 간섭형 자체상솬신호를 직접 측정한 간섭형 자체상관 신호와 비교하였다. SPIDER를 티타늄 사파이어 레이저 공진기에 적용하여 19fs의 펄스폭을 얻었으며 sech$^2$나 가우시안으로 가정한 간섭형 자체상관의 결과는 이보다 작은 값으로 나타나서 펨토초 레이저의 정확한 펄스폭 측정을 위해서는 펄스모양의 가정이 필요없는 SPIDER 방법이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1650-1656
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• 2000

Objective : Little consensus exists concerning which temporal lobe structures need to be resected or how much resection should be done during hippocampal resection. The purpose of this study is to identify whether the extent of hippocampal resection influences seizure after anterior temporal lobectomy. Materials and Methods : The extent of hippocampal resection was assessed in 96 patients who underwent temporal lobectomy for medically intractable complex partial seizures originating from a unilateral seizure focus in the anteromesial temporal lobe. Patients who had structural lesion were excluded from the study. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging in the coronal and saggital planes were used to quantify the extent of the hippocampal and lateral cortical resection. The patients were divided into two groups. Patients who underwent hippocampal resection to the level of the cerebral peduncle were included in the partial resection group, and those who had resection to the level of the colliculus were assigned to total resection group. Seizure outcomes were defined according to the Engel classification and compared between the two groups. Neuropsychologic outcomes in the selected cases were reviewed. Results : The over-all seizure-free outcome(Engel classification 1) was accomplished in 75%(72/96) of the patients (mean duration of follow-up, 36.8 months). The total hippocampectomy group had a statistically superior seizure outcome than the partial hippocampectomy group(87.3% versus 58.5% seizure-free, p-value=0.001). Also, younger patients had a more favorable outcome. Other variables such as laterality, the extent of lateral cortical resection, age at onset and gender were not significant. The pre- and postoperative memory functions were evaluated in 24 patients. A worse postoperative memory outcome was associated with partial hippocampectomy. However this was not acceptable due to a former bias. Conclusion : The result of this study conforms that aggressive hippocampectomy resulted in a better seizure outcome.