• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.171-173
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• 2018

The poor working conditions of transit drivers not only lead to mental stress and fatigue accumulation of workers, but also to the main causes of mass transit accidents. Stress and fatigue accumulation are closely related to the vital signs because they affect the psychological and physical health. In this paper, we designed a digital garment which can measure driver's health condition by measuring electrocardiogram, pulse rate and body temperature. Also proposed a system that transmits the measured bio-signal to the smartphone app via Bluetooth and transmits the current position of the driver to the server by using the built-in GPS of the smartphone, assuming there is something wrong.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 2011

The diagnosis studies of the process of chemical vapor deposition were carried out by using in-situ particle monitor (ISPM) and self-plasma optical emission spectroscopy (SPOES). We used the two kinds of equipments such as the silicon plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system with silane gas and the borophosphosilicate glass depositon system for monitoring. Using two sensors, we tried to verify the diagnostic and in-situ sensing ability of by-product gases and contaminant particles at the deposition and cleaning steps. The processes were controlled as a function of precess temperature, operating pressure, plasma power, etc. and two sensors were installed at the exhaust line and contiguous with each other. the correlation of data (by-product species and particles) measured by sensors were also investigated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.70-71
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• 2002

Exchange-coupled cluster of transition-metal ions are relevant to many different scientific areas, ranging from chemistry to solid-state physics, biology, material science and has been the subject of much research in recent years(1,2). Single crystal EPR spectroscopy works as a very effective tool for the measurement of J values for small exchange interactions. This makes EPR technique very suitable for detection of weak exchange coupling transmitted over long distances via extended atomic and melecular bridges. Large polyoxometallates (3) may provide ideal structural environments for the study of interactions between paramagnetic ions. The detailed nature of magnetic interaction (positive sign and magnitude of J~0.006 $cm^{-1}$ /) was clearly determined for di-copper(II) system by single crystal EPR spectroscopy (4). The single-triplet (S-T) transitions are forbidden by different symmetries of the wave functions. However, when the singlet ground state is mixed into triplet states, the S-T transitions can be allowed and observed as weak lines. These weak S-T lines are positioned symmetrically with respect to the main transitions in the distance equals to 2J from the center of the spectrum. This lines allow one to determine the J-value with very high accuracy when │J│ ＜ hv 0.32 $cm^{-1}$ /. Unfortunately, the S-T transitions in the single crystal were detected by EPR method only in a few complexes until now. We have measured single-triplet transition lines for several magnetically coupled cluster systems and determined their J values accurately. The temperature dependency of J was studied by monitoring the changes in S-T.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.19-27
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• 2022

In this study, we propose a language and platform to describe and manage the MLOps(Machine Learning Operations) workflow for time series data anomaly detection. Time series data is collected in many fields, such as IoT sensors, system performance indicators, and user access. In addition, it is used in many applications such as system monitoring and anomaly detection. In order to perform prediction and anomaly detection of time series data, the MLOps platform that can quickly and flexibly apply the analyzed model to the production environment is required. Thus, we developed Python-based AI/ML Modeling Language (AMML) to easily configure and execute MLOps workflows. Python is widely used in data analysis. The proposed MLOps platform can extract and preprocess time series data from various data sources (R-DB, NoSql DB, Log File, etc.) using AMML and predict it through a deep learning model. To verify the applicability of AMML, the workflow for generating a transformer oil temperature prediction deep learning model was configured with AMML and it was confirmed that the training was performed normally.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.142-149
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• 2005

To provide observed oceanography data at coastal fish and shellfish farm in the northeastern sea of the Korean peninsula on real time base, we developed real time application system for fisheries oceanography information. The system has been made up a mooring buoy system, a server for oceanography data collection, a server for archiving data and a database system, and a web server for providing fisheries oceanography information using internet. Futhermore, to support letters service on a cellular phone, we developed the communication system from mooring buoy to cell phone on real time base. The oceanography data derived from the system are water temperature speed and direction of current in surface layer middle layer and bottom layer in hour. We were able to quantify short term variation of ocean conditions within several days at shellfish farm such as a scallop sea farm using our system. To reduce damages of fish and shellfish farm from abnormal phenomena of ocean conditions such as a broken stratification of water, an occurrence of abnormal coastal cold water and warm water we will be able to move vertically and horizontally the sea farm facilities to proper conditions using real time oceanography information derive from the system.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2001.05b
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• pp.42-63
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• 2001

The detail survey on the Songsanri tomb site including the Muryong royal tomb was carried out during the period from May 1 , 1996 to April 30, 1997. A quantitative analysis was tried to find changes of tomb itself since the excavation. Main subjects of the survey are to find out the cause of infiltration of rain water and groundwater into the tomb and the tomb site, monitoring of the movement of tomb structure and safety, removal method of the algae inside the tomb, and air controlling system to solve high humidity condition and dew inside the tomb. For these purposes, detail survery inside and outside the tombs using a electronic distance meter and small airplane, monitoring of temperature and humidity, geophysical exploration including electrical resistivity, geomagnetic, gravity and georadar methods, drilling, measurement of physical and chemical properties of drill core and measurement of groundwater permeability were conducted. We found that the center of the subsurface tomb and the center of soil mound on ground are different 4.5 meter and 5 meter for the 5th tomb and 7th tomb, respectively. The fact has caused unequal stress on the tomb structure. In the 7th tomb (the Muryong royal tomb), 435 bricks were broken out of 6025 bricks in 1972, but 1072 bricks are broken in 1996. The break rate has been increased about 250% for just 24 years. The break rate increased about 290% in the 6th tomb. The situation in 1996 is the result for just 24 years while the situation in 1972 was the result for about 1450 years. Status of breaking of bircks represents that a severe problem is undergoing. The eastern wall of the Muryong royal tomb is moving toward inside the tomb with the rate of 2.95 mm/myr in rainy season and 1.52 mm/myr in dry season. The frontal wall shows biggest movement in the 7th tomb having a rate of 2.05 mm/myr toward the passage way. The 6th tomb shows biggest movement among the three tombs having the rate of 7.44mm/myr and 3.61mm/myr toward east for the high break rate of bricks in the 6th tomb. Georadar section of the shallow soil layer represents several faults in the top soil layer of the 5th tomb and 7th tomb. Raninwater flew through faults tnto the tomb and nearby ground and high water content in nearby ground resulted in low resistance and high humidity inside tombs. High humidity inside tomb made a good condition for algae living with high temperature and moderate light source. The 6th tomb is most severe situation and the 7th tomb is the second in terms of algae living. Artificial change of the tomb environment since the excavation, infiltration of rain water and groundwater into the tombsite and bad drainage system had resulted in dangerous status for the tomb structure. Main cause for many problems including breaking of bricks, movement of tomb walls and algae living is infiltration of rainwater and groundwater into the tomb site. Therefore, protection of the tomb site from high water content should be carried out at first. Waterproofing method includes a cover system over the tomvsith using geotextile, clay layer and geomembrane and a deep trench which is 2 meter down to the base of the 5th tomb at the north of the tomv site. Decrease and balancing of soil weight above the tomb are also needed for the sfety of tomb structures. For the algae living inside tombs, we recommend to spray K101 which developed in this study on the surface of wall and then, exposure to ultraviolet light sources for 24 hours. Air controlling system should be changed to a constant temperature and humidity system for the 6th tomb and the 7th tomb. It seems to much better to place the system at frontal room and to ciculate cold air inside tombs to solve dew problem. Above mentioned preservation methods are suggested to give least changes to tomb site and to solve the most fundmental problems. Repairing should be planned in order and some special cares are needed for the safety of tombs in reparing work. Finally, a monitoring system measuring tilting of tomb walls, water content, groundwater level, temperature and humidity is required to monitor and to evaluate the repairing work.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.47-57
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• 2007

Real-time oceanographic information system was developed using platforms of aquaculture farms to examine causes of mass mortality of hatchery fishes, and to reduce the damage of mass mortality which has been occurred frequently off coast by abnormal change of ocean conditions. The system had the advantages of direct data distribution to fishermen at the farm and instant maintenance of equipments due to easy access to the farms and residents at the farms in comparison with offshore mooring buoy system. To avoid discontinued measurement of the system, repairs caused by malfunction of equipments, bimonthly preventive maintenances and daily monitoring of measured data were systematized. Confidence intervals calculated by a statistical method using accumulated data were applied to data management. Such activities could minimize discontinuance of measurement and keep information more trustful. In addition, the system has various ways of data distribution. Through homepage and e-mail in the internet, information was provided to public. Display units which were connected to equipments at the farm gave the measured data directly to fishermen, which guided them to run their farm scientifically. Finally large display unit was installed at a fish market and showed the measured data at the nearest station with tide and weather information. Proper region for aquaculture and wintering region were studied using temperature data obtained by the system in 2006. The system will contribute to reduce economic damage of coastal fishery and to understand coastal marine environment.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.661-674
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• 2009

Recently, there has been much research and many attempts to enhance converged information technology services using new technology such as ubiquitous sensor networks (USN) in medical, environmental, industrial, and logistic areas. There has also been much research and various attempts to apply this new technology to agricultural areas. However, applications to the agricultural areas should be considered differently against the same areas such as medical, environmental, industrial, and logistics. Therefore, this paper suggests that an agricultural cultivating management and traceability system. This system is a unified system that supports the processes sowing seeds through selling agricultural products to consumers. Farmers can be provided with an effective calendar for cultivation and weather information in real time as well as the monitoring of the growth of farm products on the farm in real time using this system. Farmers can also control all equipment installed on the farm directly or remotely and the equipment can be controlled automatically when the measured values such as temperature and humidity deviate from the decent criteria which are set by farmers or this system. Additionally, the reliability for and the better quality of the agricultural products can be improved because farmers can use this unified system to cover all processes from sowing seeds to selling to consumers.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.164-173
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• 2004

To delineate geothermal water movement at the Pohang geothermal development site, Self-Potential (SP) survey and monitoring were carried out during pumping tests. Before drilling, background SP data have been gathered to figure out overall potential distribution of the site. The pumping test was performed in two separate periods: 24 hours in December 2003 and 72 hours in March 2004. SP monitoring started several days before the pumping tests with a 128-channel automatic recording system. The background SP survey showed a clear positive anomaly at the northern part of the boreholes, which may be interpreted as an up-flow Bone of the deep geothermal water due to electrokinetic potential generated by hydrothermal circulation. The first and second SP monitoring during the pumping tests performed to figure out the fluid flow in the geothermal reservoir but it was not easy to see clear variations of SP due to pumping and pumping stop. Since the area is covered by some 360 m-thick tertiary sediments with very low electrical resistivity (less than 10 ohm-m), the electrokinetic potential due to deep groundwater flow resulted in being seriously attenuated on the surface. However, when we compared the variation of SP with that of groundwater level and temperature of pumping water, we could identify some areas responsible to the pumping. Dominant SP changes are observed in the south-west part of the boreholes during both the preliminary and long-term pumping periods, where 3-D magnetotelluric survey showed low-resistivity anomaly at the depth of $600m\~1,000m$. Overall analysis suggests that there exist hydraulic connection through the southwestern part to the pumping well.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.18-18
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• 2011

Climate change is impacting and will increasingly impact both the quantity and quality of the world's water resources in a variety of ways. In some areas warming climate results in increased rainfall, surface runoff, and groundwater recharge while in others there may be declines in all of these. Water quality is described by a number of variables. Some are directly impacted by climate change. Temperature is an obvious example. Notably, increased atmospheric concentrations of $CO_2$ triggering climate change increase the $CO_2$ dissolving into water. This has manifold consequences including decreased pH and increased alkalinity, with resultant increases in dissolved concentrations of the minerals in geologic materials contacted by such water. Climate change is also expected to increase the number and intensity of extreme climate events, with related hydrologic changes. A simple framework has been developed in New Zealand for assessing and predicting climate change impacts on water resources. Assessment is largely based on trend analysis of historic data using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall method. Trend analysis requires long-term, regular monitoring data for both climate and hydrologic variables. Data quality is of primary importance and data gaps must be avoided. Quantitative prediction of climate change impacts on the quantity of water resources can be accomplished by computer modelling. This requires the serial coupling of various models. For example, regional downscaling of results from a world-wide general circulation model (GCM) can be used to forecast temperatures and precipitation for various emissions scenarios in specific catchments. Mechanistic or artificial intelligence modelling can then be used with these inputs to simulate climate change impacts over time, such as changes in streamflow, groundwater-surface water interactions, and changes in groundwater levels. The Waimea Plains catchment in New Zealand was selected for a test application of these assessment and prediction methods. This catchment is predicted to undergo relatively minor impacts due to climate change. All available climate and hydrologic databases were obtained and analyzed. These included climate (temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and sunshine hours, evapotranspiration, humidity, and cloud cover) and hydrologic (streamflow and quality and groundwater levels and quality) records. Results varied but there were indications of atmospheric temperature increasing, rainfall decreasing, streamflow decreasing, and groundwater level decreasing trends. Artificial intelligence modelling was applied to predict water usage, rainfall recharge of groundwater, and upstream flow for two regionally downscaled climate change scenarios (A1B and A2). The AI methods used were multi-layer perceptron (MLP) with extended Kalman filtering (EKF), genetic programming (GP), and a dynamic neuro-fuzzy local modelling system (DNFLMS), respectively. These were then used as inputs to a mechanistic groundwater flow-surface water interaction model (MODFLOW). A DNFLMS was also used to simulate downstream flow and groundwater levels for comparison with MODFLOW outputs. MODFLOW and DNFLMS outputs were consistent. They indicated declines in streamflow on the order of 21 to 23% for MODFLOW and DNFLMS (A1B scenario), respectively, and 27% in both cases for the A2 scenario under severe drought conditions by 2058-2059, with little if any change in groundwater levels.