• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.5-7
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• 1974

본 논문은 필자가 미국 미쉬간대학에 유학중 실시된 연구로서 동대학 목재가공학과에 설치된 소형 목재인공건조장치를 사용하여 일정한 건조조건(건구 온도 $150^{\circ}F{\risingdotseq}65.5^{\circ}C$, 습구온도 $1250^{\circ}F{\risingdotseq}51.7^{\circ}C$, 관계습도 48%, 평형함수율 6.9%)하에 공기 순환속도를 매분당 250ft., 400ft, 및 650ft.로 변경할 때 얻어지는 건조속도를 측정하고, 시간당 건조율을 산출하여 비교 검토한 것이다. 본 실험에 사용한 수종은 북미산소나무 Northern white pine (Pinus strobus L.)로서 시편의 크기는 길이 60cm, 넓이 12.5mm(5in.), 두께 18.7mm(3/4in.)이며 공시목의 표면은 증발조건을 균일히 하기 위하여 포삭하였으며, 마구리(end grain)에는 end coating 하였다. 또한 공기순환속도 측정은 상기대학에 비치된 velometer를 사용하였다. 1. 목재의 섬유포화점(함수율 30%) 이상에 있어서 공시목의 건조율은 건조실내 공기순환속도의 증가에 따라서 증가된다. 즉 공시목의 건조율 증감은 공기 순환속도에 대략 비례한다. 그러나 섬유포화점 이하에 있어서는 공기순환속도의 증강은 건조율 증감에 거의 영향을 이치지 아니한다(그림 1, 2 참조). 2. 실험한 건조조건하에 있어서는 공시목의 초기 함수율이 높을수록 높은 건조율을 얻을 수 있다. 즉 공시목의 초기 함수율(MC30% 이상)이 동일하지 아니한 경우에도 공기순환속도를 증가하면 건조 최종기에 있어서 비교적 빨리 대체로 같은 함수율의 공시목을 얻을 수 있다(실험한 초기 함수율, 건조조건 및 공기순환 속도등은 심한 건조 결함을 유발하지 아니하였음). 3. 본연구 결과에 의하면 공시목의 건조율은 섬유포화점(대략 MC30%)에 있어서 현저한 변화를 나타내고 있다. 즉 공시목의 함수율에 대한 건조율 곡선은 그림 3으로 표시된 바와 같이 섬유포화점 이상에 있어서는 건조율 곡선은 X축(MC)에 대하여 요(凹)형(concave)을 나타냈는데, 섬유포화점 이하의 함수율 범위 30%에서 20%에 있어서는 건조율 곡선은 X축에 대하여 철(凸)형(convex)을 나타냈으며 함수율 20% 이하에 있어서는 재차 심한 요(凹)형을 나타내고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이와감은 결과를 요약표시한 원문 그림4에 있어서, 건조율 곡선의 반곡점은 대략 섬유포화점인 MC 30%와 MC 20%에 위치하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이와같이 섬유 포화점으로 알려져 있는 MC 30%와 20%에 있어서 건조율이 급변하는 반곡점 즉 한계점을 표시하는 것은 다음과 같은 야유에 의한 것으로 고려된다. 즉 세포막에 흡수된 결합수의 증발은 세포강, 세포간격 및 기타의 미세한 공간에 존재하는 자유수의 증발보다 훨씬 곤란하므로, 함수율 30%에서 20%의 범위에 있어서는 철(凸)형을 나타낸다. 즉 함수율 30%에서 20% 의 범위에 있에서 세포막의 모세관 응축수(capillary-condensed water)의 증발은 대략 동일한 감소율을 나타내나, 공시목의 함수율이 20%에 접근됨에 따라서 한층 강한 결합상태하에 있는 수분(표면 결합수 및 그 부근에 있는 수분)이 증발하게 되나, 그와 같은 수분의 증발은 한층 곤란하므로 함수율 20% 이하에 있어서 건조율곡선은 재차 요(凹)형을 표시하는 것으로 사료된다. 이상의 관계를 요약 표시한 원문 그림 4에 있어서, 반곡점을 가지지 아니한 점선 곡선 AC 와 2개의 반곡점을 가지는 실선곡선 BD를 비교하면, BD곡선은 AC곡선보다 함수율범위 30%에서 20%에 있어서 그 건조율은 현저히 감소되고 또한 D점을 반곡점으로 해서 그 건조율은 가일층 감소되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이상을 요약하면 생재에서 함수율 30%(섬유포화점)까지는 큰 건조율을 표시하니 함수율 범위 30%에서 20%에 있어서는 그 건조율은 점감되고 함수율 20% 이하에 있어서는 그 건조율은 현저히 감소됨을 표시한다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.633-641
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 철강산업 부산물인 제강슬래그 및 폐아스팔트 콘크리트포장 파쇄물인 순환골재를 사용하여 아스팔트 혼합물용 천연골재를 대체 가능성을 파악하고 제강슬래그를 활용한 아스팔트 혼합물의 공용성 평가를 수행하였다. 일반 WC-2와 Slag WC-2(R)에 대한 평가는 동일한 조건으로 수행하였으며, 수행기관은 국가 공인시험기관(KTR) 및 한국도로학회로 각 기관의 연구용역을 통해 평가되었다. 동적안정도, 동탄성계수, 피로균열 시험결과 슬래그 아스팔트 혼합물이 일반 아스팔트 혼합물에 비해 각각 140%, 저온·고온 487·350%, Low·Middle·High Stress Level 32·325·900% 증가하는 것으로 조사되었다. 함부르크 휠 트래킹 시험결과 두 가지 혼합물의 수분저항성이 우수한 것으로 조사되었으나, 슬래그 아스팔트 혼합물 시험결과에 변곡점이 없고 변위발생량이 낮아 일반 혼합물 대비 우수한 것으로 조사되었다. 장기공용성 평가(APT) 결과 슬래그 아스팔트 혼합물에서 소성변형 발생량이 6.5% 적게 발생하였으며, 표층, 기층 및 하부층의 압축량을 분석한 결과 슬래그 포장도로의 표층 소성변형 저항성이 45% 높게 조사되었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.137-148
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• 2007

Using a strain-controlled rheometer [Rheometrics Dynamic Analyzer (RDA II)], the steady shear flow properties of a semi-solid ointment base (vaseline) have been measured over a wide range of shear rates at temperature range of $25{\sim}60^{\circ}C$. In this article, the steady shear flow properties (shear stress, steady shear viscosity and yield stress) were reported from the experimentally obtained data and the effects of shear rate as well as temperature on these properties were discussed in detail. In addition, several inelastic-viscoplastic flow models including a yield stress parameter were employed to make a quantitative evaluation of the steady shear flow behavior, and then the applicability of these models was examined by calculating the various material parameters (yield stress, consistency index and flow behavior index). Main findings obtained from this study can be summarized as follows : (1) At temperature range lower than $40^{\circ}C$, vaseline is regarded as a viscoplastic material having a finite magnitude of yield stress and its flow behavior beyond a yield stress shows a shear-thinning (or pseudo-plastic) feature, indicating a decrease in steady shear viscosity as an increase in shear rate. At this temperature range, the flow curve of vaseline has two inflection points and the first inflection point occurring at relatively lower shear rate corresponds to a static yield stress. The static yield stress of vaseline is decreased with increasing temperature and takes place at a lower shear rate, due to a progressive breakdown of three dimensional network structure. (2) At temperature range higher than $45^{\circ}C$, vaseline becomes a viscous liquid with no yield stress and its flow character exhibits a Newtonian behavior, demonstrating a constant steady shear viscosity regardless of an increase in shear rate. With increasing temperature, vaseline begins to show a Newtonian behavior at a lower shear rate range, indicating that the microcrystalline structure is completely destroyed due to a synergic effect of high temperature and shear deformation. (3) Over a whole range of temperatures tested, the Herschel-Bulkley, Mizrahi-Berk, and Heinz-Casson models are all applicable and have an almostly equivalent ability to quantitatively describe the steady shear flow behavior of vaseline, whereas the Bingham, Casson,and Vocadlo models do not give a good ability.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2005

When test tubes for PCM with melting point lower than a room temperature are installed vertically as the T-history method proposes, there exists a temperature distribution in the longitudinal direction by natural convection, which lowers the precision of measured heat-of-fusion. The purpose of the present work is to improve the precision by arranging the test tubes horizontally, while maintaining the simplicity and convenience. Assuming that the amount of heat transfer is very small through the vapor space formed in the upper part of the tubes by volumetric change, the obtained value by the T-history method using the latent heat period bounded by two inflection points is in good agreement with that of the literature. Also, the scattering of measured values by the proposed method decreases markedly compared to that of vertical positioning.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.652-660
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• 2003

T-history method, measuring heat-of-fusion of phase change material (PCM) in sealed tubes, has the advantages of a simple experimental device and no requirements in sampling process. However, a degree of supercooling used in selecting the range of latent heat release and neglecting sensible heat during the phase change process can cause significant errors in determining the heat of fusion in the original method, which has been improved in order to predict better results by us. In the present study, the modified method was applied to a variety of PCM such as paraffin and lauric acid having very small or no supercooling with a satisfactory precision. Also the selection of inflection point and temperature measurement position was fumed out not to affect the accuracy of heat-of-fusion significantly. As a result, the method can provide an appropriate means to assess a new developed PCM by cycle test even if a very accurate value cannot be obtained.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.155-158
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• 2003

자동차 부품 T/P housing과 valve에 사용되는 S20C 계열의 강에 Mn과 V 첨가에 따른 냉각속도의 영향과 조직의 거동, 단조 시 변형속도와 경도 변화를 조사하였다 냉각속도를 증가하면 오스테나이트 결정립에 의한 변태 지연에 의해 변태개시 온도가 저하되었다 미소한 Mn 함량의 증가는 냉각속도를 민감하게 하여 변태개시 온도를 감소 시켜 결정립 미세화를 일으킨다. 또한, 성형압이 클수록 내부보다 표면이 큰 경도값이 나타났다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2021

The present study fabricated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber-reinforced alkali-activated slag/fly ash (AASF) composites with varying mixture ratios of slag and fly ash. The thermomechanical behaviors of the AASF composites exposed to 200, 400, 600, or 800℃ were evaluated by means of compressive strength test, visual observation, and fire resistance tests. X-ray diffractometry, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and thermogravimetry tests were performed to analyze the microstructure change of the AASF composites upon exposure to high temperatures. Specimens exhibited a gradual strength loss up to 600℃, while also showing a significant decrease in the strength above 600℃. The fire resistance test revealed the occurrence of an inflection point as indicated by an increase in the internal temperature at around 200℃. In addition, specimens showed the dehydration of C-S-H gel, the presence of åkermanite, gehlenite, and anorthite upon exposure to 800℃, which is associated with the formation of macropore population with pores having diameters of 1-3 ㎛ and 20-40 ㎛. Visual observation indicated that the PVA fibers mitigated the cracking and/or spalling of the specimens upon exposure to 800℃.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.71-81
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• 1971

The intention of this study is to investigate the properties of polymer blend, NBR/PVC vulcanizates and blending procedures such as roll-mixing temperatures and sequences for polymer blending of NBR and PVC(resin type). The results obtained are as follows: 1. The roll temperature applied for polymer blending is around $150^{\circ}C$. At this temperature region, the degradation of rubber stock, which may be caused by heat, can be minimized and mill processing in practical application in industries can also be facilitated. 2. It is obviously necessary that a small amount of plasticizers should be added to the stock for improving processibility of roll mixing and physical properties. 3. On roll-mixing sequence, it is more effective that PVC compounded with plasticizer is added to NBR milled on hot roll. 4. The vulcanizates of the blends with different degree of polymerization of PVC ale similar to one another in properties. 5. NBR/PVC(70/30) blends shows the better physical characters than eve,-made foreign latex blend except abrasion-resistance. 6. As PVC addition ratio is increased, the physical properties such as resistance to ozone, tear, heat and oil and tensile strength, modulus, hardness have also improved, on the other hand, tension set and rebound character decreased. 7. The curve of ultimate elongation have point of inflection at the ratio of $30\sim40$ part of PVC. 8. While CR is blended, the physical properties such as brittle point, rebound and resistance to oil in high temperature have improved. 9. Polymer blend of NBR and domestic PVC is applied for the industrial utility such as rubber sole and heel, electric wire cover and oil-resistant packing, coating and gasket, printing roll, film for food packing etc.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.761-768
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• 2000

In order to investigate how the fatigue damage effects on the critical properties of superconductor, a fatigue test at room temperature and an Ic measurement test at 4.2K were carried out in this study, respectively, using a 9 strand Cu-Ni/NbTi/Cu composite cable. Through the fatigue test of a 9 strand Cu-NUNbTi/Cu composite cable, a conventional S-N curve was plotted even though there was a possibility of fretting among strands. It was found that the maximum stress corresponding to the inflection point on the S-N curve obtained was nearly the same value as the yielding strength of cable obtained from the static tensile test. However, the effect of cabling in multi-strands superconducting cable on the fatigue strength was not noticeable. The critical current(Ic) measurement was carried out at 4.2K in a NbTi strand out of the fatigued cable. It showed a degradation of lc at high stress amplitude regions over 380NTa, and the degradation became significant as the applied stress amplitude increased.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.445-449
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to improve recycling rate of the waste glasses by investigating bloating mechanism. In this study, we use waste glass(W/G) and hard clay(H/C) as raw materials. The artificial lightweight aggregates were formed by plastic forming($\phi$=10 mm) and sintered by fast firing method at different temperatures(between 700 and $1250^{\circ}C$). The physical properties of the aggregates such as bulk specific gravity, adsorption and microstructure of surface and cross-section are investigated with the sintering temperature and rate of W/G-H/C contents. As the result of the bulk specific gravity graphs, we can found out the inflection point at content of W/G 60 wt%. From the microstructure images, we considered the artificial lightweight aggregates content of W/ G over 60wt% are distributed numerous micro-pores by organic oxidation without Black Core and the artificial lightweight aggregates of W/G below 60 wt% are distributed macro-pores with Black Core.