• Carbon letters
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2003

Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) has been proven to be an excellent material for many industrial applications. A systematic study has been carried out of the kinetics of physical as well as chemical activation of phenolic resin chars. Physical activation was carried out using $CO_2$ and chemical activation using KOH as activating agent. There are number of factors which influence the rate of activation. The activation temperature and residence time at HTT varied in the range $550{\sim}1000^{\circ}C$ and $\frac{1}{2}{\sim}8$ hrs respectively. Kinetic studies show that the rate of chemical activation is 10 times faster than physical activation even at much lower temperature. Above study show that the chemical activation process is suitable to prepare granular activated carbon with very high surface area i.e.$ 2895\;m^2/g$ in short duration of time i.e. 1 to 2 hrs at lower temperature i.e. $750^{\circ}C$ from phenolic resins.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.131-140
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• 1993

본 연구에서는 A17075의 활성화에너지의 각 변수 의존성을 온도 보상시간과 Zener-Hollomon 개변수를 써러 조사하고 가장 신빙성이 있는 Miller에 의한 현상론적 크리프식을 조사 연구하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.81-84
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• 2002

Activation energy value is different according to cement, admixture and water-cement ratio also the relation of age-temperature is as non-linear as activation energy value is large. So to make accurate explanation for the effect of temperature on concrete strength development property, it is necessary to investigation for activation energy value. This study compares activation energy value recommended by Freiesleben and ASTM with activation energy value obtained by consequence of mortar examination according to ASTM C 1074-93. As the result of this study, activation energy value obtained by the study is 37.19KJ/mol, and in case of activation energy value obtained by the study explain temperature's influence about concrete strength development more accurate than activation energy value recommend by Freiesleben and ASTM.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2000

This paper discusses the validity of models predicting the compressive strength of concrete subjected to various temperature histories and the shortcomings of existing rate constant model and apparent activation energy concept. Based on the discussion, a modified rate constant model is proposed. The modified rate constant model, in which apparent activation energy is a nonlinear function of curing temperature and age, accurately estimates the development of the experimental compressive strengths by a few researchers. Also, the apparent activation energy of concrete cured with high temperature decreases rapidly with age, but that of concrete cured with low temperature decreases gradually with age. Finally generalized models to predict apparent activation energy and compressive strength are proposed, which are based on the regression results.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2020

성능위주 소방설계(PBD)의 안전성 평가 과정에서 화재모델링의 신뢰성 확보를 위해서는 화재감지기 작동시간의 정확한 예측성능이 요구된다. 본 연구는 대표적 화재모델인 FDS에 적용되는 정온식 열감지기의 주요 입력인자인 감지기 작동온도와 RTI의 측정을 목표로 한다. 이를 위해 화재감지기 실험 장치인 Fire detector evaluator (FDE)가 적용되었으며, 제품 인지도 조사를 통해 선정된 국내 10종의 정온식 감지기가 고려되었다. 결과적으로 감지기의 제조사별로 작동온도와 RTI는 상당한 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었으며, 측정된 DB가 적용된 FDS의 감지기 작동시간은 보다 정확한 예측이 가능함을 확인하였다. 최종적으로 신뢰성이 확보된 정온식 열감지기의 작동온도와 RTI의 DB가 제공되었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.601-607
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• 2012

The alkali-activation reaction of two types of typical kaolin calcined at various lower temperatures was investigated at room temperature and at elevated temperatures. For the assessment of the reactivity, the temperature increase and the setting time of pastes prepared with calcined kaolin and sodium/potassium hydroxide solution were measured. Unlike raw kaolin, calcined kaolin samples prepared at various temperature showed an alkali-activation reaction according to the different aspects of the changes in the mineral phases. The reactivity with alkaline solutions was exceedingly activated in the samples calcined at $600-650^{\circ}C$, but the reactivity gradually decreased as the temperature increased in a higher temperature range, most likely due to the changes in the crystal structure of the dehydrated kaolin. The activation effect of the calcination treatment was achieved at reaction temperatures that exceeded $60^{\circ}C$ and was enhanced as the temperature increased. The reactivity of the calcined kaolin with an alkaline solution was more enhanced with the solution of a higher concentration and with a solution prepared from sodium hydroxide rather than potassium hydroxide.

• Carbon letters
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• 제2권3_4호
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• pp.176-181
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• 2001

A series of activated carbons were prepared from coconut shells and coal-tar pitch binder by physical activation with steam in this study. The effect of variable processes such as activation temperature, activation time and ratio of mixing was investigated for optimizing those preparation parameters. The activation processes were carried out continuously. The nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K on pellet-shaped activated carbons show the same trend of Type I by IUPAC classification. The average pore sizes were about 19-21${\AA}$. The specific surface areas ($S_{BET}$) of pellet typed ACs increased with increasing the activation temperature and time. Specific surface area of AC treated for 90 min at temperature $900^{\circ}C$ was 1082 $m^2/g$. The methylene blue numbers continuously increased with increasing the activation temperature and time. On the other hand, iodine numbers highly increased till activation time of 60 min, but the rate of increase of iodine numbers decreased after that time. This indicates that new micropores were created and the existing micropores turned into mesopores and macropores because of increased reactivity of carbon surface and $H_2O$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2014

In this study, carbon aerogel (CA) was synthesized using a soft-template method, and the optimum conditions for the adsorption of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) by the carbon aerogel were evaluated by controlling the activation temperature. KOH was used as the activation agent at a KOH/CA activation ratio of 4:1. Three types of activated CAs were synthesized at activation temperatures of $800^{\circ}C$(CA-K-800), $900^{\circ}C$(CA-K-900), and $1000^{\circ}C$(CA-K-1000), and their surface and pore characteristics along with the $CO_2$ adsorption characteristics were examined. The results showed that with the increase in activation temperature from 800 to $900^{\circ}C$, the total pore volume and specific surface area sharply increased from 1.2165 to $1.2500cm^3/g$ and 1281 to $1526m^2/g$, respectively. However, the values for both these parameters decreased at temperatures above $1000^{\circ}C$. The best $CO_2$ adsorption capacity of 10.9 wt % was obtained for the CA-K-900 sample at 298 K and 1 bar. This result highlights the importance of the structural and textural characteristics of the carbon aerogel, prepared at different activation temperatures on $CO_2$ adsorption behaviors.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.394-398
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• 2008

One of barely water soluble ketones, acetophenone (AP) was dissolved in methanol and then was mixed with aqueous solution of C. I. Red Acid 114. In order to find out the role of AP in the dyeing process the rate constants and the activation parameters were calculated. The rate for the dyeing with AP was faster than that without it. Because of the reduced temperature dependence by AP the activation energy ($E_a$) for the dyeing with AP was smaller than that without it. With increasing temperature the activation enthalpy (${\Delta}H^*$), the activation entropy (${\Delta}S^*$), and the activation free energy ($G^*$) decreased, which was more noticeable in dyeing with AP. The rate constants and the activation parameters agreed well with the results from the previous reports that the ability of AP to increase disaggregation of dye molecules, loosening the wool fiber, and wickabilty of dyeing solution made it possible to dye wool fiber at low temperature.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2005

The lowest activation temperature of a commercial vacuum getter reported so far in literature was about $400^{\circ}C$. Recently, $Ti_{0.3}Zr_{0.2}V_{0.5}$ alloy has been reported to exhibit the activation temperature lower than $200^{\circ}C$ when they are prepared as thin film. In this study, the alloy was prepared as bulk form and its activation temperature and hydrogen sorption properties were investigated in compliance with a standard method. The alloy powder was prepared by arc melting and subsequent HDH(Hydride-DeHydride) process. The activation temperature of the alloy was estimated from the ultimate pressure-temperature curve and located between $150^{\circ}C\;and\;200^{\circ}C$. The hydrogen sorption speed measured by an orifice method was 0.895 liter/sec which is comparable to thin film of same composition.