• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.15
• /
• pp.6381-6384
• /
• 2015

Background: The purpose of this retrospectively study was to examine the effectiveness and tolerability of a radiotherapy technique for the palliation of symptomatic liver metastases. Materials and Methods: Twentyseven patients with liver metastases were enrolled and received targeted whole liver irradiation consisting of mean 1, 8 Gy in five to twelve fractions to a total mean dose 17Gy. Symptoms at baseline were hepatic pain (26 patients), lost of weight (6), lack of appetite (2), and night sweats (1). Seventeen patients (63%) had failed previous treatment with chemotherapy and/or high-dose steroids. Results: Individual symptom response rates were 100% at 4 weeks. Partial or complete global symptomatic responses were noted in 11 patients (40%) after 2 months. After 3 months, 8 patients (28%) reported loss of pain. The treatment was well tolerated with one patient (3%) experiencing grade 3 toxicity (one vomiting and one diarrhoea). Overall the median survival time was 4.9 months (range 1 - 14 months). One year survival was 39%. Conclusions: This is simple and well-tolerated treatment but to achieve good palliation effects we should carefully selected patients whose conventional treatment does not bring good analgesic control.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.665-669
• /
• 2006

Somatic embryos do not survive at exposure to liquid nitrogen temperatures without cryoprotective treatments. A simplified technique which simultaneously induces and cryoprotects embryogenic calli using plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2) followed by dehydration was developed for the cryopreservation of Soap berry genetic resources. Vitrification is a way of removing the moisture in vegetation through PVS2. The PVS2 vitrification solution consisted of 30% glycerol (w/v), 15% ethylene glycol (w/v), 15% Dimethylsulfoxide (w/v) in B5 medium containing 0.4M sucrose. Two tests were done. The one was to eliminate moisture at $0^{\circ}C$ and the other at $25^{\circ}C$. In both cases the best results came out at a vitrification time of $10{\sim}20$ minutes. It was also found that the survival rate was higher at $0^{\circ}C$ than at $25^{\circ}C$. In particular, the survival rate reached more than 80%. Water-damaged embryos turned brown and stoped growth, but energetic embryos took on a milky hue and show a very vigorous growth rate. Successful cryopreservation of somatic embryos of soapberry can be used to establish in vitro genebanks for long-term conservation of Soapberry genetic resources to complement field genebanks and other in vitro methods already being used.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.179-196
• /
• 1985

By using temperatures as a key variable, a simulation model was constructed to predict the size and developmental speed for the German cockroach population. The following three research steps were conducted to implement the individual simulation technique to represent the basic life system of the cockroach. First, informations on developmental periods and survival rates in each life stage were obtained through rearing experiments at five different temperatures. Secondly, biological parameters needed for modeling were obtained based on these rearing results. The logistic equation was applied to calculating the developmental speed, while the averages of survival rates were utilized as parameters determining population size. And thirdly, a basic life model was constratued in a stimulative framework in FORTRAN for predicting the populating development on the individual basis. For this purpose the biological characteristics, such as life stage, age in days, developmental speed, fecundity, etc., were assigned as an inherent attribute of the transactiion so that they could accompany each individual automatically all through the simulation. This gave the model flexibility and applicability in representing the isnect life system. The save memory space in computer programing, two files were utilized in translocating the individual informations each other as time proceeded. The developed model could be effectively used as a strategic tool in interpreting and managing the cockroach population. It was also suggested in this study that the individual simulation could efficiently serve as a basis to formulate a fundamental framework on which the advanced and complex life process could be built.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.333-339
• /
• 2018

The mature zygotic embryos of the Hevea brasiliensis were cryopreserved through the use of the vitrification and encapsulation/dehydration techniques. In all the experiments, the zygotic embryos were pre-cultured for three days in the MS medium supplemented with 0.3 M sucrose before they were used for the cryopreservation technique. In the vitrification procedure, the effect of the plant vitrification solutions (PVS2 and PVS3) and exposure time were studied. The highest survival rate (88.87%) and regrowth (66.33%) were achieved when the precultured zygotic embryos were incubated in a loading solution for 20 minutes at $0^{\circ}C$. They were subsequently exposed to PVS2 for 120 minutes at $0^{\circ}C$ and plunged directly into liquid nitrogen. Cryopreservation by the encapsulation-dehydration method was successfully done by leaving the encapsulated zygotic embryos in a laminar flow for 4 hours prior to plunging into a LN. The survival rate and regrowth of the encapsulated zygotic embryos were 37.50% and 27.98%, respectively. The cryopreserved zygotic embryos were able to develop into whole plants.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.1405-1416
• /
• 2021

The study uses an innovative management perspective to investigate the environment of higher education institutions to ensure the survival of universities in Cambodia. This has led Cambodian universities to expand their educational offerings to students in Years 2, 3 and 4. The data was collected through a Google Forms survey to facilitate and accelerate data collection. The sample of 500 students come from three higher education institution by employing multi-stage sampling technique of probability and non-probability sampling methods to ensure representation of the research population. The data were analyzed by using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Model (SEM) to investigate the impact of these determinants on students' satisfaction and loyalty, via answering 54 questions. The results showed that the three Cambodian universities perform well in terms of satisfactory conditions such as transformative quality and university image. There are four issues to which universities need to pay attention, namely, teaching methods, infrastructure facilities, learning material, and academic environment that are yet to meet the needs of students. This study contributes to the principle of innovative management in the context of Cambodian academic environment. The results help to fathom the depth of enhancing quality and institutional survival.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.52 no.3
• /
• pp.264-274
• /
• 2024

Bifidobacterium breve is commonly administered as probiotics in fermented foods or supplements. Accordingly, a sufficient number of live cells must be consumed to experience the benefits of probiotics. Microencapsulation is a technique used to increase the viability and stability of probiotics when exposed to industrial processes, low/high temperature, storage periods, and gastrointestinal conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of microencapsulation with alginate-chitosan and pectin-chitosan matrices on the viability and stability of B. breve BS2-PB3. Microencapsulation was performed using alginate-chitosan (2%, 0.75%) and pectin-chitosan (3%, 0.75%), followed by freeze drying. The encapsulation efficiency of both matrices was 94%, and the survival rate after freeze drying was 96%. After 8 weeks of storage, B. breve BS2-PB3 showed a stable viability, with more than 96% and 83% survival rates at 4℃ and room temperature, respectively. Both encapsulation matrices maintained bacterial viability up to 55% in simulated gastric juice (pH 2) and up to 66% in 0.3% bile salt solution. The administration of microcapsules to mice lowered the fecal pH and increased the defecation frequency. This study demonstrated that microencapsulation using alginate-chitosan and pectin-chitosan could maintain probiotic viability and stability.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.207-213
• /
• 2020

Cryopreservation is used for blastocyst preservation of most mammalian embryos and is an important technique for breeding. We aimed to compare the efficiency of the cryopreservation method using the standard Cryotop device and the ReproCarrier device, a domestic product manufactured in Korea. The efficacy of the two devices was analyzed based on the survival rate, intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis of the vitrified bovine blastocysts. The survival rates of the vitrified-warmed blastocysts were similar between the ReproCarrier group (58.4 ± 17.7%) and Cryotop group (59.9 ± 14.1%). Intracellular ROS levels and apoptotic index were determined by DCFDA staining and TUNEL assay. Changes in intracellular ROS levels, number of total nuclei, and cellular apoptosis of vitrified blastocysts after cryopreservation were not significantly different between the two groups. These results indicate that the ReproCarrier device method is as effective as the standard Cryotop method for vitrification of bovine blastocysts in vitro.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 1978

In order to study the growth and survival of enteric pathogens causing water-borne infections in sewage, the filter-sterilized and autoclaved sewages of Dae Gu City were inoculated with Salmonella typhimuriuim, Shigella flexneri 2a, Sh. sonnei I, Vibrio eltor and V. parahaemolyticus, as test series and Escherichia coli as control. After varying periods of incubation up to 15 days at $4^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $25^{\circ}$ and $37^{\circ}C$, viable cells in the inoculated sewages were counted by colony count technique. Distilled water and 0.9% saline were subjected to inoculation of the organisms was observed in the filter-sterilized and autoclaved sewages at $4^{\circ}$ and the sewages became sterile within a few days. At $15^{\circ}$, no growth and rapid inactivation of the organisms in the filter-sterilized sewage and slight or no growth in the autoclaved sewage was noted. Some viable cells were found in the autoclaved sewage after 15 days. A considerable growth was observed in the filter-sterilized and autoclayed sewages, at $25^{\circ}$ and $37^{\circ}$, and large numbers of viable cells were found even after 15days of incubation. In general, the autoclaved sewage supproted the growth more noticeably than the filter-sterilized, except for V.parahaemolyticus which grew well in filter-sterilized sewage. No marked difference was noted between incubations at $25^{\circ}$ and $37^{\circ}$, but V. parahaemolyticus showed a slightly more active growth at $25^{\circ}$ than at $37^{\circ}$. Distilled water inactivated the organisms within a few days, but saline supported the growth at $25^{\circ}$ and $37^{\circ}$. Marked differences were noted in the survival test of sewages pathogens of different origins.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.8
• /
• pp.4163-4167
• /
• 2012

Aims: To prospectively assess the efficacy and safety of moderately hypofractionated conformal radiotherapy in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer. Methods and Materials: From Sept. 2002 to Oct, 2005, 150 eligible patients with T2-4N0-1M0 stage thoracic esophageal squamous cell cancers were enrolled to receive either conventional fractionated radiation (CFR) or moderately hypofractionated radiation (MHR) with a three-dimensional conformal radiation technique. Of the total, 74 received moderately hypofractionated radiation with total dose of 54-60Gy/18-20fractions for 3.5-4 weeks in the MHR arm, and 76 received conventional radiation with total dose of 60Gy/30 fractions for 6 weeks in the CFR arm. Concurrent chemotherapy comprised of paclitaxel and cisplatin. Safety was evaluated, and local control and overall survival rates were calculated. Results: Statistically significant differences between the CFR versus MHR arms were observed in local/regional failure rate (47.3% v 27.0%, P=0.034) and the percentage of patients with persistent local disease (26.3% v 10.8%, P=0.012). But 3 and 5-year overall survival rates (43.2%, 38.8% v 38.2%, 28.0%, respectively) were not different between the two arms (P=0.268). There were no significant differences in the incidences of grade 3 or higher acute toxicities (66.3% v 50.0%) and late complications rates (27.0% v 22.4%) between the MHR and CFR arms. Conclusions: Moderately hypofractionated, three-dimensional radiation treatment could improve the local control rate of esophageal cancer and potentially increase patients' survival.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.2129-2132
• /
• 2012

Objective: To explore improved treatment by retrospectively comparing survival time of gemcitabine-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy (GemRT) versus chemotherapy (Gem) alone in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). Methods: From January 2005 to June 2010, 56 patients with LAPC from Subei People's Hospital were treated either with Gem (n=21) or GemRT (n=35). Gem consisted of 4-6 cycles gemcitabine alone (1000 mg/m2 on Days 1, 8, 15, 28-day a cycle). GemRT consisted of 50.4Gy/28F radiotherapy with concurrent 2 cycles of gemcitabine (1000 $mg/m^2$ on days of radiation 1, 8, 15, 21-day a cycle). Radiation was delivered to the gross tumor volume plus 1-1.5 cm by use of a three-dimensional conformal technique. The follow-up time was calculated from the time of diagnosis to the date of death or last contact. Kaplan-Meier methodology wes used to evaluate survival. Results: Patient characteristics were not significantly different between treatment groups. The disease control rate and the objective response rate of GemRT versus Gem was 97.1% vs 71.4%, 74.3% vs 38.1%. The overall survival (OS) was significantly better for GemRT compared to Gem (median 13 months versus 8 months; 51.4% versus 14.3% at 1 year, respectively). Conclusion: Radiation therapy at 50.4Gy with 2 concurrent cycles of gemcitabine results in favorable rates of OS. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy should be the first choice for patients with LAPC.