• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.136-140
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• 2009

Vehicle idle has become an increasing quality concern for automobile manufacturers because of its impact on customer satisfaction. As demand for better fuel economy increases, automobile manufacturers are continuously looking for any benefits from different driving conditions. Combustion variability in spark ignition engines was recognized that the stability of engine at idle is affected by the factors of fuel injection timing, ignition timing and air-fuel ratio. Therefore in this research, the results will be shown the effects of stability and the variations at idle according to fuel injection timing, ignition timing and air-fuel ratio as the basic parameters.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.457-468
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• 2017

Background Abdominoplasty, with or without liposuction, is among the most frequently performed aesthetic procedures. Its main objective is to improve the body contour by means of excising redundant skin and fat tissue. Although abdominoplasty is considered a safe procedure with high satisfaction rates, intraoperative and postoperative complications can become a challenge for the surgical team. The aim of this article is to offer a synopsis of the most common complications arising after abdominoplasty, along with evidence-based guidelines about how to prevent and treat them. Methods A systematic MEDLINE search strategy was designed using appropriate Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, and references were scanned for further relevant articles. Results According to the published case series, local complications are considerably more common than complications with systemic repercussions. Approximately 10% to 20% of patients suffer a local complication following abdominoplasty, while fewer than 1% suffer a systemic complication. Prevention and management strategies are critically discussed for complications including seroma, haematoma, infection, skin necrosis, suture extrusions, hypertrophic scars, neurological symptoms, umbilical anomalies, deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism, respiratory distress, and death. Conclusions The complications of abdominoplasty vary in severity and in the impact they have on the aesthetic outcomes. Recommendations for prevention and management are based on various levels of evidence, with a risk of observer bias. However, most complications can be treated appropriately following the current standards, with satisfactory results.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.316-325
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a Critical Pathway for Uterine Artery Embolization patients. Method: There were 6 steps that were taken. Step 1 was selecting a diagnosis, and Step 2 was organizing a development team consisting of 7 experts. Step 3 analyzed the medical records, and Step 4 drew up a preliminary Critical Pathway. Step 5 tested the clinical validity of the preliminary Critical Pathway, and Step 6 developed the final Critical Pathway. Result: The contents of the medical practices observed in the medical records were investigated in seven areas: monitoring/assessment, treatment, medication, diet, activity, consults, and education/discharge plan; and a total of 73 items was identified. The validity of the 73 items was examined by a group of specialists. 68 items were adopted, 4 items revised, 1 item removed, and 1 item was added. Using the results, a preliminary Critical Pathway was drawn up. According to the results from examining the clinical validity of the preliminary Critical Pathway with five patients for five weeks, 3 items which showed discrepancy were revised and another 3 items were added. Then, the final Critical Pathway was completed. Conclusion: This Critical Pathway needs to be clinically applied and continuously to measure its effects in terms of the length of stay, cost.effectiveness, and the patients' and staffs' satisfaction.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.95-99
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• 2012

Interior design companies in Seoul, Korea, senior level designers-designers shared leadership model has not been implemented by the design management. The whole interior design companies are worked each by a leadership team consisting of senior level designers, contractors and designers, being accountable for company, workers, and budgets. The results for workers' opinion in leadership positions were evaluated. All 154 leading workers of all professional teams were anonymously interviewed with a questionnaire containing 45 items regarding their satisfaction with this new shared leadership model. The response rate was 96.2%. After all, the leading workers were satisfied with the shared leadership model both in their own designing practice and in general. Non-design workers were comprehensively more in favor of quite a few aspects of shared leadership than senior level designers, but even the latter reported to be generally satisfied. However, both professional teams estimated leading positions to be only modestly attractive. The consequences yield some evidence that the transform from traditional leadership models to the senior level designers -designers shared leadership model may have advantages in the management of interior design companies. Furthermore, there is a need for greater clarity about precisely what we mean by shared leadership and also a deeper exploration of potential challenges arising from shared leadership models if we are to try to come to terms with their practice.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.214-219
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• 2010

In diverse professional fields including information and communication field, there is huge gap between required practical ability in industrial and that of graduated students actually learn in university. In this paper, we propose collaborative project curriculum applied to project-based learning in order to train affordable specialists who have a systematic problem-solving ability in industrial site. Applying this curriculum to The Cultural Technology Education Center of Jeju National University, we confirm that our curriculum improves ability of students to perform team project systematically such as skills in paper writing, presentation speech, problem solving, and collaborative work. Students are also reported high satisfaction about the proposed curriculum. Therefore, we expect that our curriculum will successfully be applied to other fields.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.52-62
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to find out learning content for astronomical observation that could perform astronomical programs regardless of weather conditions as a case for the present conditions of astronomical observation and the methods of new education for astronomical observation, and to suggest the methods of synchronized multiple astronomical observation and actual cases using the Internet network. The results are as follows. First, the method of galaxy-oriented astronomical education helped those attempting to approach astronomy academically for the first time grasp useful concepts as to the astronomical space, and let them look at the space in an objective sense, which was effective in forming cosmic structure and concepts. Second, the administration curriculum of astronomical observation team was related to data that systematically contained annual astronomical education concerning the operation of astronomical observation teams; thus, they could be suggested as beneficial teaching materials to the teachers who wanted to organize a school club meeting. Third, it has been noted that the level of students' satisfaction in p2d program and MSO program was very high, and they turned out to be effective learning methods that could be implemented even in times of rain when it would not be possible to conduct astronomical observation activities.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.19.1-19.6
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate crucial factors on HACCP system implementation in domestic livestock product plants, and to offer job satisfaction and the career prospect of HACCP system operators. The survey was carried out by selecting 150 HACCP system operators who implemented HACCP system. The respondents claimed that the most important contents in HACCP system operation were to assemble HACCP team (21.8%), and the second was to monitoring (20.0%). Documentation and recording (16.9%) and verification (11.1%) were followed. The respondents answered the major factor in sanitation management was cleaning/washing/disinfection (18.9%) and inspection (18.4%). The results showed that there were significant differences in the prospect of occupation in HACCP system operator by the gender (p < 0.015), age, livestock product facilities, service period, and position (p < 0.001). The respondents from HACCP system operator were satisfied with their job (73%) and also showed optimistic prospect of occupation (82%).

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.13-19
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop and apply a make-a-thon program based on engineering problem solving for science high school students and to analyze the changes of participating students. Through the consultation of teachers and experts, a team-based and student-driven engineering problem-solving-oriented make-a-thon program was developed. And, the program operated using KAIST's human and material resources for 51 students. Students composed of 12 teams studied 12 topics through an engineering problem-solving process, and the overall program satisfaction was very high, on average 4.62. Through this program, students' creative leader competency have been positively changed, especially in cognitive characteristics (diffusion thinking, problem solving ability) and social characteristics (pursuit of social values). Attitudes toward engineering also changed positively, especially in terms of difficulty of engineering, interest in engineering, gender role in engineering, and engineering and occupational factors. In conclusion, it was confirmed that this program is very effective for science high school students with high demand for engineering education.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 2009

Objectives : To evaluate the effect of heath examination program which introduce web-based input system, OCS(Order communicating system) and interface with national health insurance corporation, this study was done. Method : To Exam/Order and tests separately at anytime, the experimental health examination program which had web-based questionnaire input system, on-line measurement input system, interface program with national health insurance corporation and introduced OCS was developed. Experiment and old examination program were compared in terms of satisfaction and cost. Result : The 95.7% of respondents were satisfied with web-based input system, the 95.4% satisfied with OCS use, and 97.8% satisfied with test at anytime they want. The cost and time reduction between experiment and old program were 4,159,000won and $600.3{\pm}5.75$(seconds) per man input-time. Conclusion : The experimental health examination program is good for employee and hospital. If the health examination program for non-employee will be developed, it will be done efficiently and effectively, but Internet securities will be considered.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.67-80
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• 2007

Digital convergence, defined as the creative fusion of once-independent technologies and service, is getting more attention recently. Interruptions among internal functions happen frequently in digital convergence products because many functions that were in separate products are merged into a single product. Multi-tasking and multi-modality are two distinctive features of interruption in digital convergence products, but their impacts to the user have not been investigated yet. This study conducted a controlled experiment to investigate the impacts of multi-tasking and multi-modality on the subjective satisfaction and objective performance of digital convergent products. The study results indicate that multi-tasking and multi-modality have substantial effects individually as well as together. The paper ends with practical and theoretical implications of study results as well as research limits and future research.