• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2016

Long-life housing means a housing which structural members (Support) such as columns and floor are maintained for a long period of time and the housing can be used for approximately 100 years by replacing components (Infill) such as walls and furniture. The government established "Certification standards of long-life housing construction" on December 24, 2014, requiring the long-life housing certification for construction of apartment houses for over 1,000 households. However, it is necessary to prepare an incentive measure which could be granted to construction related personnel and housing owners due to the effectiveness of such system and recognition that the initial construction cost of long-life housing is high. The purpose of this study is as follows. First, the reasons and necessity of long-life housing cost increase for each construction company, housing owner, infill component manufacturer and designer which are long-life housing related personnel are determined. The direction of incentive grant for supplying long-life housing based on the determined items is established. The result of this study is as follows. First, a special treatment which is higher than the alleviation of construction standards according to the previous ordinance is necessary for construction companies to secure the business feasibility. Also, incentives such as the provision of service space and wide balcony are necessary to improve the preference level of parceling out. Second, financial incentives such as financial support for housing purchase, reduction and exemption of tax (acquisition tax and registration tax), and support of maintenance cost are required for house owners. Third, it is essential to increase opportunities to participate in the market for infill component manufacturers by applying additional points for PQ. Fourth, it is needed to provide compensation for additional human resource and time at the time of designing to designers by preparing the long-life housing design cost standards.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.55-69
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• 2004

Bioenergy can be obtained from various forms of biomass such as agricultural, food processing, and municipal wastes. Recently, its importance is recognized more seriously because of its positive impacts on economic and stable energy supply and environmental sustainability. Despite its advantages, bioenergy has not been used as much as it was expected, nor has it been developed to the level of attractive commercialization in energy market. The main reasons for the sluggish progress have been analyzed by comparing the bioenergy policies in Korea and U.S.A. Both Korea and U.S. governments have recognized the importance of bioenergy and put in various efforts to promote the use of bioenergy. Both governments have legislated alternative energy promotion plans that support R&D, tax reduction, rewards, and low interest loans. However, it is suggested that the bioenergy policy and plan juxtapose the financial supports (R&D, tax exemption, low interest loan, education, etc.) with strong mandates and obligations. Although imposing strong mandates prerequisites the economically attractive and feasible technologies, it can motivate and speed up more effective technology development, in turn. In addition, the bioenergy R&D support must include studies on commercialization and marketing as well as process development. R&D on the socioeconomic effects of bioenergy should also be supported. Lastly, decision making processes for the bioenergy policy, and for alternative energy overall, must include environmental agencies for taking advantage of environmental benefits of bioenergy.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.747-784
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• 2014

전 세계는 기후변화 대응과 경제성장을 목표로 하는 저탄소 경제로의 전환을 위해 다양한 온실가스 감축정책과 재생에너지 확대정책을 시행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 전 세계 국가들을 대상으로 다양한 온실가스 감축 정책 및 재생에너지정책들이 동시에 시행되는 국가들의 경우 단일한 온실가스 감축 정책이나 재생에너지 정책만이 시행되는 국가들보다 추가적인 온실가스 감축이 이루어졌는지를 실증 분석하였다. 전 세계 온실가스 감축 정책 및 재생에너지 확대 정책을 실시하고 있는 나라들을 대상으로 한 패널계량분석을 실시한 결과, 온실가스 감축정책 혼합이 온실가스 추가 감축에 일부 기여하는 것으로 나타났으나, 모든 정책 혼합이 추가적인 온실가스 감축을 유도하지는 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 즉, 배출권거래제도와 재생에너지 공급의무화제도(RPS, Renewable Portfolio Standards)의 정책 혼합과 탄소세제와 발전차액지원제도(FIT, Feed-in Tariff)의 정책 혼합만이 추가적인 온실가스 감축효과를 거둘 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 정보화연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2014

본 연구는 우리나라 창업 중소기업의 4대 보험 경감에 따른 경제적 효과에 관한 연구다. 우리나라의 사회보험지원 및 해외 여러 현황 고찰을 통해 사회보험료 직 간접 지원, 사회보험료 면제, 사회보험료 유예 또는 융자의 4가지 제안을 제안했다. 경제적 효과 분석을 위해 편익과 비용 요소를 도출했으며 4대 사회보험 경감 정책을 통해 발생 가능한 편익 항목으로는 고용창출, 부가가치창출, 세수증대 효과를 분석했으며 각 대안별 비용을 추정했다. 보험료 면제의 경우 비용 추정이 현실적으로 어려워 분석에서 제외시켰다. 분석 결과, 보험료 직접 지원 및 보험료 유예/융자로 인해서는 563,469명의 고용 창출 효과가 있었으며 26.82조 원의 부가가치창출 효과, 824억 원의 세수증대 효과가 있는 것으로 추정되었다. 보험료 세액 공제인 간접 지원인 경우, 각각 105,368명, 5.02조 원, 154억 원의 효과가 있었다. 또한 각 대안에 대해 각각 9.58조 원, 5.42조 원, 1.79조 원의 비용 발생이 있는 것으로 추정되었다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.61-87
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• 1992

인위적(人爲的)인 배기(排氣)가스의 배출(排出)이 급증함(急增)함에 따라 나타날 것으로 예상되는 지구온난화(地球溫暖化)를 방지하기 위해서는 에너지 소비절약과 화석연료의 대체를 통해서 $CO_2$ 배출량을 축소시키는 노력이 필요하다. 그런데 배기(排氣)가스의 배출(排出)을 억제하는 데에는 많은 비용(費用)이 들 것이므로 배출억제수단(排出抑制手段)으로는 비용효율적(費用效率的)인 경제적 수단이 동원될 가능성이 높다. 본고(本稿)는 온난화(溫暖化) 방지수단(防止手段)으로 경제적 수단이 동원될 경우를 상정하여 기후변화 방지의 비용-수익분석을 통하여 최적 배출억제규모를 시산하고 있다. $CO_2$ 농축도가 현재 수준보다 배증(倍增)하는 경우 평균기온이 약 $3^{\circ}C$ 상승한다고 가정하고, $3^{\circ}C$ 상승이 유발하는 경제적 피해가 GNP의 0.25%, 1%, 2%에 이르는 세가지 시나리오를 상정하여 $CO_2$ 배출량 감축의 수익을 시산하였다. 단순성장(單純成長)-기후변화(氣候變化) 모형(模型)에 기초하여 시산(試算)한 결과(結果)에 의하면 우리나라의 경우 1990년을 기준으로 할 때 최적 $CO_2$ 배출량 감축규모는 피라미터값에 따라 현재수준의 2~15% 정도에 이르는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 배출감축시점을 지연시키는 경우 감축규모(減縮規模)는 현재시점을 기준으로 했을 때보다 커질 수도 있고 작아질 수도 있으나, 향후 기후관련 기술진보나 화석연료 사용의 효율성이 높아지는 경우 최적 감축규모는 감축시점(減縮時點)이 연기됨에 따라 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 본고(本稿)에서는 또한 최적배출규모가 주어졌을 때 실제로 배출규모를 감축하는 방법으로 동원될 수 있는 탄소세(炭素稅)와 배출권(排出權) 거래제(去來制)의 경제적 특징과 장 단점도 논의하고 있다. 이 두가지 수단은 최적조건이 동일한 성질을 갖고 있으므로 비용효율면에서는 동일한 효과를 갖고 있으나 실제운용에 있어서는 서로 다른 장 단점을 지니고 있다.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제23권
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• pp.263-301
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• 1992

In recent years, Korean public libraries, placed under changing circumstances, require that some new and positive financial policies be formulated for the improvement of their services. T he purpose of this study is to propose a scheme to ensure the revenues of Korean public libraries. The main contents of this study are as follows : (1) Public finance theory is applied to the question of why the public library is publicly supported. The public library does not contribute to stabilization, but it does playa role in each of the other public sector functions : allocation of resources and redistribution of income. In public finance terms there is justification for at least partial subsidy of public library services, which have the attributes of public goods, merit goods and externalities. (2) Public libraries in Korea find themselves suffering from limited budgets. They are neglected in national and local budgets. The lack of adequate funding for library collections prevents libraries from rendering efficient services. (3) In order to put the finances of the Korean public library system on a firm basis, the following proposals are made: 1) It is proposed that the parallel administration under which public libraries are organized be unified to be directly under the local governments. 2) It is proposed that the legislative and administrative system for public library finance be strengthened. (1) Library expenses should be itemized independently in the calculation of general grants-in-aid to local governments. (2) A fixed portion of the total municipal revenue should be appropriated for public library services. It can be executed by making provisions expressly in the annual guidelines for budgeting, municipal ordinances, or in the Library Promotion Law. The rate of allocation should be specified as a part of the national public library development plan. (3) Library tax as a local tax can be imposed. An indirect tax is preferable in order to avoid public misunderstanding and antagonism. 3) The augmentation of the specific grants-in-aid for the public library is proposed. The Library Promotion Law and the Law on Budget and Administration of Grants should be amended to oblige the central government to give financial assistance to local public libraries. 4) It is proposed that strategies to encourage private endowments be worked out. Revision of the Law on Tax Reduction and Exemption and the activation of an advisory library committee at each public library are recommended. 5) Funding and utilization of the envisioned Library Promotion Foundation is proposed. Government contributions, contributions from the Culture and Arts Foundation, and donations from individuals, corporations, and enterprises can be considered as the financial resources of the Foundation. 6) It is proposed that the structure of the Korean Library Association be consolidated to exercise greater influence over the formation of national policy on the public library system. 7) It is proposed as an ultimate guarantee of the health of the public libraries that the citizenry be educated to strongly support library services in responce to the active services provided by the public libraries.

• 무역학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2020

This study aims to analyze the export effects of Korea-Canada FTA's tariff reduction, which was launched on January 1, 2015. First, as a groundwork, this study reviewed trade creation and trade diversion by investigating all possible cases of both initial FTA and additional FTA. The review was done by using the simple model of three countries assuming FTA means elimination of tariff. The review suggested that additional FTA doesn't have any negative impact on import country's social welfare contrary to initial FTA. In additional FTA, Trade diversion could happen between FTA partner countries, but it always increases import country's social welfare. In this sense, it can be called favorable trade diversion. Second, this study analyzed the export effects of Korea-Canada FTA using Clausing's product level model based on Canadian government import data from Korea which is not open to the public. It turned out that Korea-Canada FTA's tariff reduction boosted Canadian import growth rate from Korea. On the other hand, Canadian import growth rate from rest of the world was not negatively affected by Korea-Canada FTA's tariff reduction. Rather, it increased as Canadian import growth rate from Korea was higher. These findings implied trade creation rather than trade diversion of Korea-Canada FTA when it comes to Korea's export to Canada.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2020

This study seeks to analyze the effect of Non-Performing Loans and Capital Adequacy Ratio on Return on Assets on ten conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI-IDX). This study uses secondary panel data for 2015-2019 in the form of CAR and NPL values from ten conventional banks listed on the BEI-IDX during the 2020 observation period. The research approach is quantitative descriptive with data analysis methods, namely, linear regression. The testing phase of this study includes: transform value, F-test, T-test and hypothesis test with significancy level sig < 0.05. The results of this study reveal that Non-Performing Loans had a significant negative effect (t = -2,637) (0.011 <0.0) on Return on Assets, while Capital Adequacy Ratio has no significant effect on ROA (0.760 > 0.05). R2 value is 0.128 or 12.8%. It has a significant effect on variables, calling efforts by banks, governments, and authorities monetary of related institutions to maintain the stability of finance. The reduction of Non-Performing Loan impacts on assets and capital adequacy ratio, besides, the normal NPL will control the stability of finance. If a balance is created either in the form of values or amounts of the variables, the reduction in Non-Performing Loans will be controlled.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2009

In commercial combustion systems, heavy oil is one of main hydrocarbon fuel because of its economical efficiency. Regarding heavy oil combustion, due to increasing concerns over environmental pollutants such as carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides, development of low pollutant emission methods has become an imminent issue for practical application to numerous combustion devices. Also a great amount of effort has been tried to developed effective methods for practical using of biomass. It is also an important issue to reduce carbon tax. In this paper, an experimental study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of biomass reburning on NOx formation in a heavy oil flamed combustion furnace. Experiments were performed in flames stabilized by a multi-staged burner, which was mounted at the front of the furnace. Experimental tests were conducted using air-carried rice husk powder and LNG as the reburn fuel and heavy oil as the main fuel. The paper reports data on flue gas emissions and temperature distribution in the furnace for several kinds of experimental conditions. NOx concentration in the exhaust has decreased considerably due to effect of reburning. The maximum NOx reduction rate was 62% when the rice husk was used by reburn fuel, however it was 59% when the LNG was used by reburn fuel. The result shows the positive possibility of biomass reburning system for optimal NOx reduction.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.395-418
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• 2009

Appeared in the 1970s he started the global warming problem of carbon reduction, unlike the expected withdrawal of the United States was anticipated to be nominal stripping. However, EU mainly carbon market, buy and sell rights to be disposed of evolution was born. In fact, the current reduction of the Kyoto Protocol, and Korea will be designated as the bureau had been scheduled. However, due to economic recession in Korea's status as exempt countries have enjoyed a considerable period. Global warming is a problem in earnest, however, the United States to participate in one or more such discussions since 2013, clearly this will begin the international order. And international order that is more stringent than expected, and is expected to be strong. Then, however, an interesting thing to justify protection of the environment in some countries to protect domestic industry, the movement is visible is the side. In fact the WTO since the conclusion of all non-tariff trade barriers were abolished. However, recently, New Round of the delay based on reciprocity and fair trade in the framework of environmental protection to justify the movement to protect the domestic industry has been captured. These trends are not friendly, never in Korea. The rationale is that these regulations are enforced, many of our countries and countries with significant trade transactions and the enforcement points. And South Korea's automotive, semiconductors, ships, etc. The main products are much discussed in the international regulations are being referred to as the target point is due. Korean government to actively participate in the international situation and efforts to explore new markets, said yesterday, and 'Low Carbon, Green Growth' was declared. And the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) recommendations of the best 30% reduction target was present. This is nothing different about this objection is true. A more fundamental solution to faithfully perform the reduction targets, while the development of environmentally friendly products and the incidence of international standards through the development and expansion of new growth engines, Indeed we are expected to be a fundamental methodology.