• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2022

Background: Task-oriented training on an unstable support surface is an effective intervention for improving the ankle joint stability and muscle strength in patients with ankle instability. This study examined the effects of balance training on an unstable support surface in patients with ankle sprains with ankle instability. Methods: Forty-four patients with ankle sprains participated in this study. Screening tests were performed and assigned to an experimental group, who performed task-oriented training on an unstable support surface (n=22), and a control group, who performed task-oriented training on a support surface (n=22) using a randomization program. All interventions were applied 3 times per week for 4 weeks. The numeric rating scale (NRS), cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT), balance ability, muscle activity, and muscle thickness were compared to evaluate the effects of the intervention. Results: Both groups showed significant differences in the NRS, CAIT, balance ability, and muscle activity between before and after the intervention (p<.05). In addition, there were significant differences in balance ability, muscle activity, and muscle thickness between the experimental and control groups (p<.05). Conclusion: Task-oriented training on an unstable support surface is an effective intervention for improving the balance ability, muscle activity, and muscle thickness during contraction.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제20권42호
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 1997

There are four parameters (i.e. overall density, local density, grouping, layout complexity) to consider in designing screen of a visual display terminal. Among these, only the optimum level of overall density is known to be about 25~30% by some studies. Therefore, the present experiment is conducted to define the optimum levels of the other parameters to achieve the user's best performance in visual search task. The results are as follows; (1) The function related to the levels of local density and user's search times is shown to be U -shaped. When the level of local density is about 40%, the search time is shorter than those of any other levels. (2) In the experiment of grouping, user's performance is best when the number of group is 5, and the size of group does not exceed visual angle $5^{\circ}$ (0,088rad). (3) The user performance is improved as the layout becomes less complex.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2007

Participants in this study on links between toddlers' compliance and variables were 97 toddlers and their mothers. Instruments were the Toddler Behavior Assessment Questionnaire (Goldsmith, 1988) and the Child Rearing Practice Report-Q Sort (Block, 1981). Toddlers' compliance was observed on clean-up and behavior-delay tasks. Data analysis was by logistic and regression analyses. Results on the clean-up task indicated lower compliance by difficult children and higher compliance by girls. On the behavior-delay task, boys with less difficult temperament showed higher compliance by mother's higher punishment attitudes, whereas highly difficult boys were more compliant by mother's lower punishment attitudes. Girls' compliance was higher than boys in the low inhibition group whereas boys' compliance was higher than girls in the high inhibition group.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.67-87
• /
• 2005

Impaired sensorimotor function of the hand ipsilateral to a unilateral brain damage has been reported in a variety of motor task. however, it is still the controversial issue because of the difficulty of detection in clinical situation, patients' variability(time after onset, contralateral upper extremity severity, other cognitive functions including apraxia), and the performed various motor task. The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of ipsilateral motor deficit following unilateral brain damage in three different specific tasks(hand tapping, visual tracking and coin rotation) compared with healthy age-sex matched control group using the same hand and to investigate the lateralized motor control in each hemispheric function. Findings revealed that stroke patients with unilateral brain damage experienced difficulties with rapid-simple repetitive movement, visuomotor coordination, complex sequencing movement on ipsilateral side. Also, Comparison of the left-hemispheric stroke groups and the right-hemispheric stroke groups revealed that patients with a left-hemisphere damage tended to be more variable in performing all of the three tasks. These results show that stroke patient with left hemisphere damage has more ipsilateral motor deficit, and the left hemisphere contributes to the processing of motor control that necessary for the executing actions with ipsilateral hand.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.55-66
• /
• 2013

목적 : 본 연구는 과제지향적 동작관찰훈련이 뇌졸중 환자의 환측 상지기민성과 일상생활활동에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 15명의 뇌졸중 편마비 환자를 선정하여 단일집단 사전사후 설계를 사용하였다. 대상자는 동영상을 통하여 과제지향적 동작수행을 관찰한 후 동작을 반복적으로 모방 연습하였다. 훈련은 주 3회, 회당 20~30분, 3주간 실시하였다. 환측 상지기민성에 대해 MFT, 10초 검사, 박스와 나무상자 검사를 시행하였고, 일상생활활동은 MBI, MAL을 수행하였다. 전, 후 비교는 윌콕슨 부호순위검정를 사용하였다. 결과 : 훈련 후, 대상자의 환측 상지기민성은 훈련 전에 비해 유의한 차이를 보였고, 일상생활활동 또한 훈련 전과 훈련 후에 유의미한 증진을 보였다. 결론 : 과제지향적 과제를 적용한 동작관찰훈련은 뇌졸중 환자의 환측 상지기민성과 일상생활활동에 긍정적인 효과를 보였다. 따라서 동작관찰훈련을 작업치료 중재 유형의 한 전략으로 제안하고자 한다.

• East Asian mathematical journal
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.251-266
• /
• 2000

The problem of solution uniqueness to the task of determining unknown parameters of mathematical models from input-output observations is studied. This problem is known as structural identifiability problem. We offer a new approach for testing structural identifiability of linear state space models. The approach compares favorably with numerous methods proposed by other authors for two main reasons. First, it is formulated in obvious mathematical form. Secondly, the method does not involve unfeasible symbolic computations and thus allows to test identifiability of large-scale models. In case of non-identifiability, when there is a set of solutions to the task, we offer a method of computing functions of the unknown parameters which can be determined uniquely from input-output observations and later used as new parameters of the model. Such functions are called parametric functions capable of estimation. To develop the method of computation of these functions we use Lie group transformation theory. Illustrative example is given to demonstrate applicability of presented methods.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.234-238
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Aim of this study was to investigate whether there are ipsilateral motor deficits for visuospatial accuracy and fine movements by making a comparison between stroke patients and healthy subjects. We examined whether ipsilateral motor deficits are influenced by the level of functional movements and muscle strength of the upper and lower extremities of the affected side. Methods: Thirty post-stroke subjects and 20 normal aged matched subjects were recruited. Outcome measures for less-affected side were the tracking task and nine-hole pegboard test. Fugl-Meyer test and motricity index were applied for the measurement of functional movements and muscle strength of affected side. Results: Tracking task and nine-hole pegboard test was significantly different between control and experimental group. In terms of accuracy index according to tracking, the experimental group showed a lower accuracy index in the MCP joint than the control group. However, there were no significant difference relation between the level of motor function of the affected side and the motor deficit level of ipsilateral side. Conclusion: Ipsilateral motor deficits may have significant clinical implications. It needs to be noted that although many patients, families, and medical staff are focused only on motor deficits of the affected side, motor deficits of the sound side can cause difficulties in daily living movements requiring delicate movements. In addition, there was no significant correlation between the level of motor function of the affected side and motor deficits of the sound side.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제13권7호
• /
• pp.445-452
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 뇌졸중환자를 대상으로 동작관찰 디지털콘텐츠 활용교육과 동작관찰 없이 과제 지향적 작업치료를 실시하여, 뇌졸중 환자의 상지기능과 일상생활수행력에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 뇌졸중 환자 30명을 대상으로 무작위로 실험군(동작관찰)과 대조군(과제 지향적 작업치료)으로 각각 15명씩 나누어 1주일에 5회 총 30분씩 5주간 실시하였다. 치료 중재 전과 후의 마비측 상지기능을 알아보기 위해, Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT)과 Box and Block Test (BBT)를 실시하였고, 일상생활수행을 비교하기 위해 Korean-Version of Modified Barthel Index (KMBI)를 실시하였다. 실시 결과 두 그룹 모두에서 상지기능 및 일상생활수행은 증가하였고, 그룹간의 차이는 보이지 않았다. 그러므로 동작관찰 디지털콘텐츠 활용교육과 과제 지향적 작업치료는 뇌졸중환자의 상지기능 및 일상생활수행에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한물리의학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.357-365
• /
• 2012

Purpose : The present study has been performed to find the effects on gross motor function and balance ability of applying a balance exercise program consisting of motions able to stimulate balance-related sensory systems on various support surfaces along with goal-oriented upper extremity tasks to enhance the balance ability. Methods : 10children diagnosed as having spastic diplegia were selected as the subject for this study, of whom 5children were randomly assigned to a control group (CG) and the remainder to a balance exercise group (BEG) to perform the upper extremity task on various support surfaces. Each intervention was executed 30minutes per session with 2sessions a week for 12weeks. To make comparisons before and after intervention, gross motor function measure; standing; demention D(GMFM;D), walking/running/jumping ;demention E (GMFM;E) and pediatric balance scale (PBS) were evaluated. Results : The CG showed a significant difference (p<.05) in GMFM;E. BEG showed a significant difference (p<.05) in GMFM;D as well as GMFM;E and in PBS before and after intervention. BEG showed a significant improvement (p<.05) in GMFM;D and the PBS compared with the CG whereas it did not indicate any statistically significant difference in GMFM;E. Conclusion : According to the results of this study, it has been shown that a balance exercise accompanied by upper extremity task on various support surfaces had an effect on improvement in the gross motor function and the balance ability of children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.39-49
• /
• 2000

This study was conducted to prove that there exists a relation between the spleen and learning and memory as Oriental medicine believesTo promote the function of the Spleen, Guibitang was administered to rats in this study. Rats were 250～300g Sprague-Dawley, and were divided into three groups. One was the normal group without any pretreatment. Another was the control group which was administered normal saline and the abdominal injection of L-NAME before learning and memory test. And the 3rd was the sample group, to which was administered Guibitang extract and (no 'the') abdominal injection of L-NAME before the learning and memory test. Each group was made up of 12 rats. Morris water maze and radial arm maze tasks were performed in the learning test and Morris water maze task in the memory test. For 2 days to evaluate the ability of learning in the Morris water maze, 16 trials were carried out and first latency(lapse time to find the escape platform for the first time) was measured. The next day, to evaluate the ability of memory, the escape platform was eliminated from the maze, and total path, target entry number, first latency and memory score were measured. 48hrs before the radial arm maze task was performed, bait was deprived from each group. After learning test, bait was permitted to each group. So 85% of the body weight was maintained for 6 days of the test. Each of the eight arms was baited; correct choice numer and error were counted; each trial was finished when the rat had entered each of the eight arms, or more than 10 minutes had elapsed. The results were as follows: In the learning test, the first latency of the sample group in the Morris water maze showed evident improvement of learning compared to control group at the 11th, 12th, 13th trial of 16 trials, and correct choice number in radial arm maze showed noticeable improvement compared to the control group at 3rd, 4th and 5th; In the memory test, the memory score of the sample group showed evident improvement compared to the control group. From the above results, the administration of Guibitang, which tonifies the function of the Spleen, could enhance the ability of learning and memory. So it was suggested that the Spleen has a relation with learning and memory.