• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.21-26
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• 2014

Objectives : Taraxacum coreanum (TC) have been used as a traditional medicine to treat inflammatory diseases and anti-oxidant effect in Korea. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of TC water extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation is not well-known. Therefore, this study was performed to identify the anti-inflammatory effect of TC on LPS induced inflammatory. Methods : RAW 264.7 cells were treated with 500 ng/mL of LPS. Water extracts of TC (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 mg/ml) was treated 1 h prior to LPS. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Levels of nitric oxide (NO) were measured with Griess reagent and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). We also examined molecular mechanisms such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) activation by western blot. Results : Water Extract from TC itself did not have any cytotoxic effect in RAW 264.7 cells. TC treatment inhibited the production of NO production, and pro-inflamamtory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and $IL-1{\beta}$ on protein and mRNA levels. In addition, TC treatment inhibited the LPS-induced activation of MAPKs such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 kinases (p38), c-Jun $NH_2$-terminal kinase (JNK) and $NF-{\kappa}B$. Conclusions : In summary, our result suggest that treatment of TC could reduce the LPS-induced inflammation. Thereby, TC could be used as a protective agent against inflammation. Also, this study could give a clinical basis that TC could be a drug or agent to prevent inflammation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.647-662
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: There is growing interest in herbal medicines for managing age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Safflower seeds (Carthamus tinctorius L. seeds, CTS) and dandelions (Taraxacum coreanum, TC) are widely used to treat bone- or inflammation-related diseases in Oriental countries. This study investigated the protective effect of the CTS-TC combination on scopolamine (Sco)-induced memory deficits through inflammatory response and cholinergic function. Moreover, marker components such as serotonin, N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin, N-feruloylserotonin, chlorogenic acid, and chicoric acid in the CTS-TC combination were analyzed for their potential benefits on memory function. MATERIALS/METHODS: Water extracts of CTS, TC, and the CTS-TC combination at various ratios (4:1, 1:1, and 1:4) (100 mg/kg) were orally administered to mice for 14 days. Sco (1 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into the mice before each behavioral test. T-maze and novel object recognition tests were conducted to monitor behavioral changes after the treatment. Western blotting was performed to detect protein expression. In addition, the presence of 5 biomarkers, serotonin, N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin, N-feruloylserotonin, chlorogenic acid, and chicoric acid, was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: Behavioral tests showed that the CTS-TC combination enhanced memory function in Sco-injected mice. Inflammation-related proteins (inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and glial fibrillary acidic protein) were downregulated after treatment with the CTS-TC combination. The acetylcholinesterase protein expression was also downregulated. HPLC analysis revealed that N-feruloylserotonin and chicoric acid were the predominant components, followed by N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin, chlorogenic acid, and serotonin. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the CTS-TC combination protects against Sco-induced memory deficits by inhibiting inflammatory responses and cholinergic dysfunction. N-feruloylserotonin and chicoric acid, along with N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin, chlorogenic acid, and serotonin, might be biomarkers for the CTS-TC combination, and their effects on memory protection warrant further study.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) is a metabolic disorder found in caged layer hens and causes reduced egg production and sudden death. Dandelion (Taraxacum coreanum, TC) and milk thistle (Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense, CJ) are well known wild herbs inhabiting Korean peninsula and presenting antioxidative effects. This study investigated alleviate effects of these herbal mixture (6:4, w/w) composed of dried powder of TC and CJ against fatty liver in laying hens. The herbs mixture 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 or 40.0 g/kg feed was provided via feed admixture for 3 weeks to laying hens having FLHS. FLHS was induced by intramuscular injection of β-estradiol (2 mg/kg bw) 2 times per week for 3 weeks and supply with high caloric feed. Egg production rate was reduced from 76.2% at pre-treatment to 49.4% at 1 week and further decreased according to β-estradiol treatment. Increment of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (T-Chol) and total bilirubin (T-Bil) and decrement of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) with fatty liver were found by the treatment of β-estradiol. Supplementation of TC and CJ mixture via feed admixture recovered the reduction of egg production and attenuated serological changes and gross and pathological lesions of fatty liver with the best amelioration effects at 5 and 10 g TC and CJ mixture per kg feed. In conclusion, TC and CJ mixture attenuates FLHS by means of antioxidative effects. Further mechanistic study is required to explain TC and CJ's amelioration effects against FLHS in laying hens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.1763-1770
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• 2015

The effects of root of Taraxacum coreanum Nakai (TC), on the suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in ICR mice were studied. LPS (10 mg/kg body weight) was injected into ICR mice in between two consecutive oral administrations. Hot water extract of fresh TC (HWETC) was administered to mice immediately before and 24 h after LPS injection. The animal groups used in this study were as follows: NOR group (PBS injection, DW administration), CON group (LPS injection, DW administration), and TC group (LPS injection, 1.4 g/kg bw of HWETC administration). Mice in the CON group lost weight due to inflammation induced by LPS, while the body weight of the TC group mice increased significantly, indicating that inflammation was inhibited by HWETC administration. Compare with the CON group, plasma and hepatic triglyceride, reactive oxygen species, peroxynitrite, and hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentrations of the TC group decreased significantly (P<0.05). The protein expression of a pro-inflammatory transcription factor, nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) and its target enzyme, cyclooxygenase 2, increased in response to LPS injection, but was suppressed by HWETC administration (P<0.05). In conclusion, HWETC appears to ameliorate the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses induced by LPS via inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2016

This research examined the effects of Compositae extract on the inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis in human breast and human gastric cancer cells. Compositae extracts which is used in the experiment are Taraxacum coreanum (TC), Youngia sonchifolia (YS) and Ixeris dentata (ID). The proliferation of SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231 and AGS cells were investigated by MTT assay. ID and YS extracts inhibited proliferation of SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231 and AGS cells in a dose-dependent manner, but TC have barely affected. In addition, the most effective extract was ID. To assess the apoptosis of ID extract, the nuclei of human cancer cells were stained with DAPI solution respectively. Chromatin condensation, indicated apoptosis, was increased in a dose-dependent manner. We investigated change of ID extract-induced apoptosis proteins on human cancer cells by western blot analysis. The level of Bcl-2 decreased, whereas the level of Bax, cleaved-PARP increased in dose-dependent manner compared with non-treatment. Also Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which is used in clinical indicator of apoptosis, was increased at ID extract treatment group compared with non-treatment. Moreover the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio of MDA-MB-231 cell was significantly increased as against SK-BR-3, AGS cells. These results indicated that ID extract have anti-proliferation effect better than YS or TC, and induced apoptosis in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell better than human breast cancer SK-BR-3 cell, human gastric cancer. Even if further research is needed, ID can be developed as a chemopreventive or therapeutic agent of breast cancer.