• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2011

Recently, new ginseng cultivars having superior agricultural traits have been developed in Korea. For newly developed plant cultivars, the identification of distinctiveness is very important factors not only in plant cultivar management but also in breeding programs. Thus, eighty-five inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were applied to detect polymorphisms among six major Korean ginseng cultivars and two foreign ginsengs. A total of 197 polymorphic bands with an average 5.8 polymorphic bands and 2.9 banding patterns per assay unit across six Korean ginseng cultivars and foreign ginsengs from 236 amplified ISSR loci with an average 6.9 loci per assay unit were generated by 34 out of 85 ISSR primers. Three species of Panax ginseng including the Korean ginseng cultivars, P. quinquefolius, and P. notoginseng, could be readily discriminated using most tested primers. UBC-821, UBC-868, and UBC-878 generated polymorphic bands among the six Korean ginseng cultivars, and could distinguish them from foreign ginsengs. Sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker system was introduced in order to increase the reproducibility of the polymorphism. One SCAR marker, PgI821C650, was successfully converted from the randomly amplified polymorphism by UBC-821. It showed the expected dominant polymorphism among ginseng samples. In addition, the specific polymorphism for Sunwon was generated by treating Taq I restriction enzyme to polymerase chain reaction products of PgI821C650. These results will serve as useful DNA markers for identification of Korean ginseng, especially Sunwon cultivar, seed management, and molecular breeding program supplemented with marker-assisted selection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1542-1547
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• 2005

The Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) and Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) are two important candidate genes related to fat deposition and carcass traits. MC4R was found on study on human obesity and then was studied as candidate gene affecting food intake and fat deposition traits in mice and pigs. Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) gene plays an important role on tumor cell proliferation and muscle growth. It also affects fat traits and live weight in pigs. In this paper, MC4R and IGF2 were studied as two candidate genes associated with important economic traits such as fat deposition and carcass traits in five different pig populations. Taq I-PCR-RFLP and Bcn I-PCR-RFLP were respectively used to detect the polymorphism of genotypes of MC4R and IGF2 genes. Different MC4R genotype frequencies were observed in four populations. IGF2 genotype frequencies were also different in two populations. The results of association analysis show both MC4R and IGF2 genes were significantly associated with fat deposition and carcass traits in about 300 pigs. This work will add new evidence of MC4R and IGF2 affecting fat deposition and carcass traits in pigs and show that two genes can be used as important candidate genes for marker assistant selection (MAS) of growth and lean meat percentage in pigs.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.216-224
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• 1998

This study was performed to offer the basic and applicable data for improvement of Korean cattle and dairy cattle, according to finding the genetic construction obtained from analysis of genetic polymorphisms of ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin and ${\kappa}$-casein loci related Korean cattle and Holstein cows using PCR-RFLP. Genomic DNA used in this study was prepared from the blood of 253 individuals of Korean cattle in Korean Native Cattle Improvement Center, NLCF, and the blood of 113 individuals of Holstein cows in National Livestock Research Institute. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. This study confirmed amplified products of 530bp and 262bp fragments obtained from the amplification of ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin and ${\kappa}$-casein loci in Korean cattle and Holstein breed by PCR. 2. The ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin AA genotype showed 153bp and 109bp fragments, and ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin AB genotype showed 153bp, 109bp, 79bp and 74bp fragments, and BB genotype showed 109bp, 79bp and 74bp fragments in amplified products of ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin loci with the restricted enzyme digestion of Hae III. 3. The ${\kappa}$-casein AA genotype showed a 530bp fragment, and ${\kappa}$-casein AB genotype showed 530bp, 344bp and 186bp fragments, and BB genotype showed 344bp and 186bp fragments in amplified products of ${\kappa}$-casein loci with the restricted enzyme digestion of Taq I. 4. On ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin genotypes and gene frequencies, Korean cattle were 6.72%, 26.09% and 67.19% for AA, AB and BB genotypes, and ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin A and B alleles were 0.197 and 0.803, and Holstein were 35.40%, 56.64% and 7.96% for AA, AB and BB genotypes, and ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin A and B alleles were 0.637 and 0.363, respectively. 5. On ${\kappa}$-casein genotypes and gene frequencies, Korean cattle were 46.25%, 39.13% and 14.62% for AA, AB and BB genotypes, and ${\kappa}$-casein A and B alleles were 0.658 and 0.342, and Holstein were 60.18% and 38.94% and 0.88% for AA, AB and BB genotypes, and ${\kappa}$-casein A and B alleles were 0.796 and 0.204, respectively. 6. As a consequence, the gene frequency was 0.197 and 0.803 for ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin A and B alleles, and 0.658 and 0.342 for ${\kappa}$-casein A and B alleles in Korea cattle, but was 0.637 and 0.363 for ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin A and B alleles, and 0.796 and 0.204 for ${\kappa}$-casein A and B alleles in Holstein, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.225-233
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• 1997

The authors attempted to examine the allelic association between the A1 allele of Dopamine $D_2$ receptor and schizophrenia, alcoholism, drug addiction in Koreans. Schizophrenic patients(n=31), alcoholism(n=65), drug addiction(n=18) and controls(n=52) were examined by case-control study for distribution of the TaqI polymorphism of the dopamine $D_2$ receptor gene in Korean population to minimize the effect of racial differencies in gene frequencies. In schizophrenics, the numbers of schizophrenics with A1A1, A1A2, A2A2 were 9(29.0%), 15(48.4%) and 7(22.6%) respectively and in alcoholics with A1A1, A1A2, A2A2 were 14(21.5%), 36(55.4%) and 15(23.1%) respectively and in drug addiction with A1A1, A1A2, A2A2 were 2(11.1%), 10(55.6%) and 6(33.3%) respectively and in controls with A1A1, A1A2, A2A2 were 4(7.6%), 24(46.2%) and 24(46.2%) respectively. The prevalence of the A1 allele in schizophrenics, alcoholics, drug addiction and controls were 77%, 76.9%, 67% and 53.8% respectively. And the frequency of the A1 allele in schizophrenics, alcoholics, drug addiction and controls were 0.53, 0.49 0.39 and 0.31 respectively. There was significant difference in the frequency of the A1 allele between schizophrenics, alcoholics and controls. We also classified our alcoholic population. For classification by severity, we used the median MAST score 30 in our samples. There was also significant difference in the frequency of the A1 allele between less severe group(0.42) and more severe group(0.57). This data suggest that the A1 allele is associated with schizophrenia and alcoholism in Koreans. Furthermore the prevalence of the A1 allele increassed in more severely affected alcoholics. The authors conclude that our data support an allelic association between the A1 allele at dopamine $D_2$ receptor and schizophrenia, alcoholism. These results suggest the A1 allele of the $DRD_2$ gene is associated with a number of behavior disorders in which it may act as a modifying gene rather than as the primary etiological agent.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2017

Although many PCR-based assays have been developed, the majority of rapid detection of Toxoplasma gondii in animal and their meat product has been dependent on immunogenic assays. Thus, there is still a need for more reliable PCR based detection method for T. gondii in retail meats. Recently, a 529-bp repeat element that exists in 200-300 copies per genome of T. gondii genome had been spotlighted for its usefulness as potential detection targers. In this study, the 529-bp repeat element was selected for real-time PCR to detect three types of T. gondii (type I, II and III). A primer pair targeting 82-bp of the 529-bp element detected all three types of T. gondii and showed high level of specificity against 14 different food-borne pathogens as well as 3 protozoan parasites such as Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum and Entamoeba histolytica. Application of the new real-time PCR assay in meat samples showed improved detection sensitivity compared to the B1-gene targeted method suggesting potential new target for Toxoplasma gondii screening in retail meats.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1801-1810
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• 2016

Recent discovery showing the presence of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the circulation sparked interest in their use as potential biomarkers. Our previous studies showed the diagnostic potential of miR-451 as a serological marker for inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), miR-337-5p and miR-30b for non-inflammatory breast cancer (non-IBC). The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic values of circulating miRNAs by comparing the amounts of 12 circulating miRNAs in the serum of IBC and non-IBC from Tunisian breast cancer patients, and by determinating whether correlated pairs of miRNAs could provide useful information in the diagnosis of IBC and non-IBC patients. TaqMan qPCR was performed to detect circulating expression of miRNAs in serum of 20 IBC, 20 non-IBC and 20 healthy controls. Nonparametric rank Spearman rho correlation coefficient was used to examine the prognostic value of miRNAs and to assess the correlation profile between miRNAs expression. Further, a large number of miRNAs were highly correlated (rho>0.5) in both patients groups and controls. Also, the correlations profiles were different between IBC, non-IBC and healthy controls indicating important changes in molecular pathways in cancer cells. Our results showed that miR-335 was significantly overexpressed in premenopausal non-IBC patients; miR-24 was significantly overexpressed in non-IBC postmenopausal patients. Patients with previous parity had higher serum of miR-342-5p levels than those without. Furthermore, patients with HER2+ IBC present lower serum levels of miR-15a than patients with HER2-disease. Together, these results underline the potential of miRNAs to function as diagnostic and prognostic markers for IBC and non-IBC, with links to the menopausal state, Her2 status and parity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.6 s.73
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• pp.968-971
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• 2005

The Melanocortin-4 receptor gene (MC4R) regulates the energy balance and the genetic basis of obesity. A polymorphism in the porcine melanocortin-4 receptor has previously shown to be associated with growth, fat deposition and feed intake. In this study, the polymorphism of the gene was studied in several pig breeds of Duroc, Landrace, Berkshire, and Yorkshire. The results showed that the frequencies of MC4R genotype varied among those breeds. Association analyses were also performed between the MC4R polymorphism and average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, backfat thickness and lean percentage phenotypes. The results strongly support that the MC4R polymorphism can be used DNA marker selection indicator for economically important traits for pig breeding program in Korea.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.965-981
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• 2024

Objective: Milk composition varies considerably and depends on paratypical, genetic, and epigenetic factors. MiRNAs belong to the class of small non-coding RNAs; they are one of the key tools of epigenetic control because of their ability to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. We compared the relative expression levels of miR-106b, miR-191, and miR-30d in milk to demonstrate the relationship between the content of these miRNAs with protein and fat components of milk in Holstein and Ayrshire cattle. Methods: Milk fat, protein, and casein contents were determined in the obtained samples, as well as the content of the main fatty acids (g/100 g milk), including: saturated acids, such as myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), and stearic (C18:0) acids; monounsaturated acids, including oleic (C18:1) acid; as well as long-, medium- and short-chain, polyunsaturated, and trans fatty acids. Real-time stem-loop one-tube reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probes was used to measure the miRNA expression levels. Results: The miRNA expression levels in milk samples were found to be decreased in the first two months in Holstein breed, and in the first four months in Ayrshire breed. Correlation analysis did not reveal any dependence between changes in the expression level of miRNA and milk fat content, but showed a multidirectional relationship with individual milk fatty acids. Positive associations between the expression levels of miR-106b and miR-30d and protein and casein content were found in the Ayrshire breed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that miR-106b and miR-30d expression levels can cause changes in fatty acid and protein composition of milk in Ayrshire cows, whereas miR-106b expression level determines the fatty acid composition in Holsteins. Conclusion: The data obtained in this study showed that miR-106b, miR-191, and miR-30d expression levels in milk samples have peculiarities associated with breed affiliation and the lactation period.