• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.219-228
• /
• 1980

The ultrastructures of the granular glands in the asiatic land salamander (Hynobius leechi) skin were observed by means of electron microsope The results were as follows; 1. The granular gland of the asiatic land salamander skin consisted of a body of gland and a duct. The body of the granular gland consisted of the glandular epithelial cells and the myoepithelial cells. The duct of the granular gland consisted of the keratinocytes. 2. The glandular epithelial cells in the asiatic land salamander skin were divided into the dark cell and the light cells in accordance with the electron density of the cytoplasm. 3. The secretory granules of the granular glands were round or oval in form and were divided into the various granules, showing the secretory granules showing weak electron density had the parts showing strong electron density near the granular membrane. 4. It is supposed that showing the different electron densities of the granules in a glandular epithelial cell is due to different mature stages and to different level of water absorption, and the chemical components of the granules showing different electron densities are identical.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.175-183
• /
• 2004

We carried out survey of a pine mushroom picking district and its vegetation environment for increase and maintainment of its production in Kyonggi province. The district which we could pick up pine mushroom among the nineteen surveyed district were sixteen such as Geoleun ri Gangcheon myeon Yeoju gun Kyonggi do, etc. and total yields were 470~600 kg in Kyonggi province. The temperature of atmosphere and earth in Yeoju and Bonghwa were droped to $19^{\circ}C$ at 5~7th september and maintained from $12^{\circ}C{\sim}18^{\circ}C$ during the a pine mushroom picking period. The density of a pine tree per $100m^2$ was 5.1~27.1 trees, the years of it was 15~50years old and height was 4~11 meter. The pine tree in a pine mushroom picking district was competed with oak trees, azaleas, lacquers, etc. The depth of organic materials accumulated on the pine mushroom mycelium layer was 4.5 cm in Yeoju. The soil texture of a pine mushroom picking district was almost sandy, soil pH was 4.3~5.1 and organic material content was 3.91~8.28%.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.74-78
• /
• 2015

The 'Heuktari', a new mid-high temperature adaptable variety of oyster mushroom for the bottle culture, was bred by mating with monokaryons isolated from 'P11056' and 'MT07156'. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was $23{\sim}26^{\circ}C$ on PDA medium and that for the primordia formation and the growth of fruiting body of 'Heuktari' was $18{\sim}19^{\circ}C$ on sawdust substrate. In case of bottle cultivation, the period of mycelial growth was required about 30 days. In addition, the period of primordia formation and growth of fruiting body was 4 days and 5 days, respectively. In the characteristics of fruiting body, shape and color of pilei were round type and dark grayish brown, stipe color was white color and stipe shape was short and thick. The yield of fruiting bodies was 180 g/900 ml bottle which was 15% higher than that of Suhan-1ho. The gumminess and brittleness of stipe tissue were 110% and 140% stronger than those of Suhan-1ho, respectively.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.116-121
• /
• 2006

'Seoln', a new variety of oyster mushroom was developed by Mushroom Research Institute, Gyonggi Province Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 2005. It was bred with mating between monokaryotic strains isolated from KME35124 and $F{\cdot}X3$. The major characteristics of the mushroom was shown a lot of primordia, the gray-colored and bunch pileus. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was around $26{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and that for the primordia and growth of fruit-body was around $10{\sim}15^{\circ}C$. Incubation period was required around 25 days with bottle culture and about 23 days in Poly Prophylene(P.P) plastic bag culture. The yield was shown high by 138.8g/bottle and 250.9%/P.P bag.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.111-115
• /
• 2006

Jinbudlsongyi mushroom (Agrocybe aegerita) was bred in Mushroom Research Institute, Gyonggi Province A.R.E.S in 2005. It was bred with mating between moookarytic strains isolated from Budlsongyi#1 and KME45202. The temperature of optimal mycelial growth was $24{\sim}26^{\circ}C$ on PDA and $18{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ in sawdust medium. To harvest fruiting body of Jiobudlsoogyi the period required for colonization after inoculation was 37days and the period of cultivation was 13days after scratching of inoculum. The major characteristics of the mushroom was shown a lot of primordia, light brown colored stipe and convex-shaped pileus. Compared with Budlsongyi#1, it was shown dark brown-colored pileus and straight stipe. The fruiting body yield was $115g{\pm}6/850cc$ bottle. It was demanded proper circulation at the time of primordia and put it around with cloth that is prevented to be bend the stipes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.1334-1343
• /
• 2008

Growing needs for efficient management of water resources urge the joint operation of dams and integrated management of whole basin. As one of the tools for supporting above tasks, this study aims to constitute a hydrologic model that can simulate the streamflow discharges at some control points located both upper and down stream of dams. One of the currently available models is being studied to be applied with a least effort in order to support the ongoing project of KWATER (Korea Water Resources Corporation), "Establishment of integrated operation scheme for the dams in Han River Basin". On this study, following works have been carried out : division of Han River Basin into 24 sub-basins, use of rainfall data of 151 stations to make spatial distribution of rainfall, selection of control points such as Soyanggang Dam, Chungju Dam, Chungju Release Control Dam, Heongseong Dam, Hwachun Dam, Chuncheon Dam, Uiam Dam, Cheongpyung Dam and Paldang Dam, selection of SSARR (Streamflow Synthesis and Reservoir Regulation) model as a hydrologic model, preparation of input data of SSARR model, sensitivity analysis of parameter using hydrologic data of 2002. The sensitivity analysis showed that soil moisture index versus runoff percent (SMI-ROP), baseflow infiltration index versus baseflow percent (BII-BFP) and surface-subsurface separation (S-SS) parameters are higher sensitive parameters to the simulation result.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.675-680
• /
• 2010

This study was investigated to complement nitrogen removal of low concentration influent municipal sewage. The following are the results of the effect of Internal Recircularion and Step Feed rates on Treatment efficiency at a BOD low concentration influent municipal sewage. Up to 90.0% of BOD, 87.8% of COD, 71.0% of T-N, 75.3% of T-P were removed on average at a low concentration influent. Whereas BOD and T-P were removed without any relations to Step Feed rates, T-N was influenced. Nitrogen removal efficiencies in 80% of Step Feed rates was 65%, which was caused by the lack of Carbon Source for denitrification. Nitrogen removal efficiency in 40% of Step Feed rates was 58%, which means it was not removed but dischared. Consequently, the efficiency was 73%, 80%, and 78% in 70%, 60% and 50% of Step Feed rates, which was concluded as the best range of Step Feed rates. Nitrogen removal efficiency increased under the condition of Internal Recircularion. At over 150% of Internal Recircularion rate, the efficiencies were not affected any more. It is believed that lots of Recircularion caused inflow of DO to anoxic tank. Therefore, the most appropriate Internal Recircularion rate can be concluded as 50~150%.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2003

Livestock farming is one of several industries that have faced criticism because of its impact on the water quality, soil contamination and air pollution. The livestock feces can cause some environmental problems. The best way to treat the feces is to recycle the manure as an organic fertilizer after fermentation or composting. This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of composting of manure in several composting conditions. The variations of physicochemical characteristics of each compost piles containing different level of air volume were analyzed throughout the composting period. In this study, pigs manure compost piles mixed with saw dust were composted in 110L of laboratory scale plastic vessels and $1.5m^3$ of small cubic wooden composting vessels for 60days. The compost piles were ventilated continuously with air pump throughout the composting duration. The air volume ventilated into the piles was regulated by chock valve attached to the inlet pipe. The ventilation level was adjusted by 20, 50, 100, 150 and $200L/m^3/mim$, respectively. The highest temperature of the compost increased to $72^{\circ}C$ during composting period. After 20days from beginning of fermentation, concentrations of $H_2S$, $CH_3SH$, DMS and DMDS generated from compost piles were 29, 16, 6 and 5ppb in blow in state compost pile, conversely, in blow out state compost pile, the parameters were 32, 24, 15 and 14ppb, respectively.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.34-43
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out to determine the proper pin-heading induction time(spawn running time) when different incubation temperature were applied to Pleurotus ostreatus(Chunchu 2ho, Suhan 1ho, Heukpyung). Incubation period was 17 days at 23 and 21 days at 17 for Chunchu 2ho, 17 days at 23 and 26 for Heukpyung, and 22~23 days at 17~23 for Suhan 1ho. Incubation period for Suhan 1ho was not significantly affected by incubation temperature. The time required for initial pin-heading was 4~5 days at 17, 20, 23 and 26 for Chunchu 2ho as well as Heukpyung, and was 3 days at 17, 20, 23 and 5~6 days at 26 for Suhan 1ho. As the incubation period became longer, the available fruit-bodies at Chunchu 2ho were made more but they were short. The yield of Chunchu 2ho and Heukpyung increased when incubated for 22~27 days at 20~23 and that of Suhan 1ho also increased when incubated for 22~23 days at 17~23.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.86-90
• /
• 2007

Jeakdan', a new variety of pink oyster mushroom was bred in Mushroom Research Institute, Gyeonggido Agricultural Research & Extension Services in 2006. This pink oyster mushroom was selected one which cross with monokaryon collected from strain KME20063 and KME20193. The major characteristics of the mushroom were showed a lot of pinheadings, the pink-colored and infundibuliform pileus. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was around $26{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and that for the primordia and growth of fruitbody was around $18{\sim}23^{\circ}C$. Primordia and young fruiting bodies were bright pink but become less intensely colored while the mushroom were mature. Incubation period was required about 20 days in bottle culture and 21 days in bag culture. Number of valid stipes was 31.5/850cc bottle and 47.0/2kg bag. The fruiting body yield was 134.5g/850cc bottle and 350.0g/2kg bag.