• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.98-103
• /
• 2013

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication in elderly patients with atrial septal defect (ASD). The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of the maze procedure in these patients. Materials and Methods: Between February 2000 and May 2011, 46 patients underwent the maze procedure as a concomitant operation with ASD closure. Three patients who underwent a right-sided maze were excluded, and one patient was lost to follow-up. The mean follow-up duration was $3.2{\pm}2.5$ years. Electrocardiography was performed 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery, and checked annually after that. Results: AF persisted in 4 patients after surgery. One year after surgery, among 38 patients, 55.3% remained in sinus rhythm without antiarrhythmic drugs. However, when including the patients who took antiarrhythmic drugs, 92.1% were in sinus rhythm. Freedom from AF recurrence at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years after surgery were $97.4{\pm}2.6$, $94.4{\pm}3.8$, $91.2{\pm}4.9$, $87.8{\pm}5.8$, $79.5{\pm}7.6$, and $68.2{\pm}12.4$, respectively. There was no early mortality after operation. Conclusion: Concomitant treatment with the maze procedure and ASD closure is safe and effective for restoring the sinus rhythm.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.235-241
• /
• 2017

Background: The Ross/Ross-Konno procedure is considered a good option for irreparable aortic valve disease in pediatric patients because of its hemodynamic performance and potential for growth of the pulmonary autograft. This study is a review of the long-term results of our 20-year experience with the Ross and Ross-Konno operations in a single institution. Methods: Between June 1995 and January 2016, 16 consecutive patients (mean age, $6.0{\pm}5.9years$; range, 16 days to 17.4 years) underwent either a Ross operation (n=9) or a Ross-Konno operation (n=7). The study included 12 males and 4 females, with a median follow-up period of 47 months (range, 6 to 256 months). Results: There were no cases of in-hospital or late mortality. Six reoperations were performed in 5 patients. Four patients underwent right ventricular-pulmonary artery (RV-PA) conduit replacement. Two patients underwent concomitant replacement of the pulmonary autograft and RV-PA conduit 10 years and 8 years after the Ross operation, respectively. The rate of freedom from adverse outcomes of the pulmonary autograft was 88% and 70% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The rate of freedom from valve-related reoperations was 79% and 63% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Conclusion: Pulmonary autografts demonstrated good durability with low mortality. The Ross/Ross-Konno procedure is a good option that can be performed safely in pediatric patients with aortic valve disease, even in a small-volume center.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 2015

Glucose is universal and essential fuel of energy metabolism and in the synthesis pathways of all mammalian cells. Glucose is the one of the major precursors of lactose synthesis using glycolysis result in producing milk fat and protein. During the milk fat synthesis, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and CD36 are required for glucose uptake. Various morecules such as acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) activity of acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2), ACACA, FASN AGPAT6, GPAM, LPIN1 are closely related with milk fat synthesis. Additionally, glucose plays a major role for synthesizing lactose. Activations of lactose synthesize enzymes such as membranebound enzyme, beta-1,4-galactosyl transferase (B4GALT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) are changed by concentration of glucose in blood resulting change of amount of lactose production. Glucose transporters are a wide group of membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of glucose over a plasma membrane. There are 2 types of glucose transporters which consisted facilitative glucose transporters (GLUT); and sodium-dependent transport, mediated by the Na+/glucose cotransporters (SGLT). Among them, GLUT1, GLUT8, GLUT12, SGLT1, SGLT2 are main glucose transporters which involved in mammary gland development and milk synthesis. However, more studies are required for revealing clear mechanism and function of other unknown genes and transporters. Therefore, understanding of the mechanisms of glucose usage and its regulation in mammary gland is very essential for enhancing the glucose utilization in the mammary gland and improving dairy productivity and efficiency.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2020

Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (mesna) is a protective agent that is widely used in medicine because of its antioxidant effects. Recently, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were shown to increase pigmentation. Thus, ROS scavengers and inhibitors of ROS production may suppress melanogenesis. Forkhead box-O3a (FoxO3a) is an antimelanogenic factor that mediates ROS-induced skin pigmentation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the whitening effect of mesna and the signaling mechanism mediating this effect. Human melanoma (MNT-1) cells were used in this study. mRNA and protein expression were measured by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting analysis to track changes in FoxO3a-related signals induced by mesna. An immunofluorescence assay was performed to determine the nuclear translocation of FoxO3a. When MNT-1 melanoma cells were treated with mesna, melanin production and secretion decreased. These effects were accompanied by increases in FoxO3a activation and nuclear translocation, resulting in downregulation of four master genes of melanogenesis: MITF, TYR, TRP1, and TRP2. We found that mesna, an antioxidant and radical scavenger, suppresses melanin production and may therefore be a useful agent for the clinical treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.35 no.11
• /
• pp.653-660
• /
• 2008

Recently, Service-oriented computing is the emerging computing paradigm. In this paradigm, we require the practical process model to support service oriented software development. The well-known development methods e.g., Unified Software Development Process, UML components have been proposed focused on component. So, these methods cannot support service-oriented computing concepts such as service definition, binding and composition concepts using Business Process Execution Language (BPEL). Also, a few proposed service-oriented approach, for example Service Oriented Unified process (SOUP), and Service Oriented Modeling and Architecture (SOMA) have appeared. However, these approaches do not explicitly represent detailed guideline, artifacts and approach. Therefore, in this paper we propose a practical and simple process model to support service oriented software development. Also, we explicitly represent process model and artifact using Software Process Engineering Metamodel (SPEM) which is proposed by OMG. By using our approach, it can enhance systematization and effectiveness for service-oriented software development.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.161-168
• /
• 2015

It is difficult to provide proper cloud services for cloud users, because the number of cloud services are increasing and the type of cloud services are diversifying. To overcome this problem, the concept of cloud service broker is presented to mediate cloud services between cloud providers and tenant. The most important role of cloud service broker is to finding cloud services that fulfill requirements of tenant. However, current existing cloud service broker conduct passive requirements analysis process with cloud service expert's assistance. In addition, the systematic functional and non-functional requirement analysis is insufficient. Therefore, we need the new methods for requirement analysis to find nearest service that matches with requirement of tenant. In this paper, we apply pairwise comparison from AHP method to analyze requirement automatically and systematically. It calculates score of service by comparing requirement with service specification, calculating importance rate, and so on.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.747-750
• /
• 2008

Although surgical closure is the standard approach for a muscular ventricular septal defect, the procedure may be complicated by poor visualization and the need for incision on the ventricle. Another approach is, catheter-based intervention. However, it also has limitations. A hybrid procedure, the intraoperative combined use of an interventional device may reduce the procedure's invasiveness. We successfully managed two cases of muscular ventricular septal defect with a hybrid procedure. We report here on these 2 cases along with a review of the literature.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.315-320
• /
• 2010

To improve not only the basic performance but also the fail-safe performance, power consumption of the main landing gear for helicopters, a semi-active control landing gear using hybrid MR damper, was introduced in this paper. This damper of the configuration to install a permanent magnet in a electromagnet MR damper, was designed by the trade-off study on permanent magnet location and a magnet field analysis. Force control algorithm which keep the sum of air spring force and damping force at a specified value during landing, was used for the controller. The drop simulations using ADAMS Model for this semi-active control landing gear, were done. The improvement of the preceding performances as the result to evaluate the landing performance by the simulations, has been confirmed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.85-101
• /
• 2006

Objectives : This study was designed to find out correlation of filtration rate of herbal-acupunctures and pain score of herbal acupuncture stimulation. Methods : Filtration rate of Hwangryunhaedoktang herbal acupuncture, Kidney yang deficiency number two herbal acupuncture, Hominis Placenta herbal acupuncture, Cervus Elaphus herbal acupuncture, BUM herbal acupuncture and Carthami Flos herbal acupuncture were measured at the korean institute of herbal acupuncture. And Hwangryunhaedoktang herbal acupuncture, Kidney yang deficiency number two herbal acupuncture, Hominis Placenta herbal acupuncture, Cervus Elaphus herbal acupuncture, BUM herbal acupuncture and Carthami Flos herbal acupuncture were injected at Xie points of the subjects. Results : Ranking of herbal acupunctures filtration rates is the same as ranking of pain score and duration time of herbal acupuncture. Correlation analysis result of herbal acupunctures filtration rates and herbal acupuncture VAS with a simple linear regression analysis is that correlation coefficient of Hwangryunhaedoktang herbal acupuncture, Kidney Yang Deficiency Number Two herbal acupuncture, Hominis Placenta herbal acupuncture, Cervus elaphus herbal acupuncture, BUM herbal acupuncture. Carthami Flos herbal acupuncture is 0.44, 0.53, 0.58, 0.76, 0.47 and 0.54. Correlation analysis result of herbal acupuncture's filtration rates and herbal acupuncture stimulation's duration time is that correlation coefficient of Hwangryunhaedoktang herbal acupuncture, Kidney Yang Deficiency Number Two herbal acupuncture, Hominis Placenta herbal acupuncture, Cervus Elaphus herbal acupuncture, BUM herbal acupuncture, Carthami Flos herbal acupuncture is -0.09, 0.11, -0.07, 0.28, -0.11 and -0.09. Conclusion : We found the correlation of filtration rate of herbal-acupunctures and pain score of herbal-acupuncture stimulation. This study help to control pain amount and pain duration time of herbal acupuncture treatment. And this study improve acupuncture theory of herbal acupuncture.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.281-287
• /
• 2006

Cigarette smoke causes atypical structure of pulmonary and oxidative damage. Therefore, we carried out to determine if exposure to cigarette smoke alters pulmonary structure and anti-oxidant related enzyme in a animal model, when natural product extracts using by Nebulizer. The rat were divided into four groups: $H_2O-treated$ (Control), natural product (Camellia sinensis) extracts-treated (CS), natural product extracts-treated with cigarette smoke-exposed (CS+SM) and cigarette smoke-expose (SM). All groups are similar to Control group in weight, but SM group is lower than the other groups. Microscopic image of the pulmonary structure in SM group showed deleterious alterations in the morphology, but the other groups are maintained in normal structure. In anti-oxidant related enzymes, SOD (superoxide dismutase) and catalase, SM group represents the lowest enzyme activity among all groups. But G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) and LPO (lipid peroxidation) is SM group represents the highest enzyme activity among all groups. These result indicate that the natural product extracts is an efficient tissue protective substance against smoke-induced lung injury.