• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1871_1872
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• 2009

본 논문 에서는 Type-2 퍼지 논리 시스템을 설계하고, 불확실한 정보를 갖는 입력 데이터에 대하여 Type-1 퍼지 논리 시스템과 성능을 비교한다. Type-1 퍼지 논리 시스템은 외부 잡음에 민감한 단점을 가지고 있는 반면, Type-2 퍼지 논리 시스템은 불확실한 정보를 잘 표현 할 수 있다. 따라서 Type-2 퍼지 논리 시스템을 이용하여 이러한 단점을 극복하고자 2가지의 모델을 설계한다. 첫 번째 모델은 규칙의 전 후반부가 Type-1 퍼지 집합으로 구성된 Type-1 퍼지 논리 시스템을 설계 한다. 두 번째는 규칙 전 후반부에 Type-2 퍼지 집합으로 구성된 Type-2 퍼지 논리 시스템을 설계한다. 여기서 규칙 전반부의 입력 공간 분할 및 FOU(Footprint Of Uncertainty)형성에는 FCM(Fuzzy C_Means) clustering 방법을 사용하고, 입자 군집 최적화(Particle Swarm Optimization) 알고리즘을 사용하여 최적의 파라미터를 설계한다. 본 논문 에서는 또한 입력 데이터에 인위적으로 가하는 노이즈에 따른 각각 모델의 성능을 비교한다. 마지막으로 비선형 모델 평가에 주로 사용되는 NOx 데이터를 제안된 모델에 적용하고, 실험을 통하여 노이즈가 첨가되고, 불확실한 정보를 다루기에 Type-1 퍼지 논리 시스템 보다 Type-2 퍼지 논리 시스템이 효율적이라는 것을 보인다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.1278-1282
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• 2002

Glutaric aciduria(type 1) is characterized clinically by progressive dystonia and dyskinesia in childhood, pathologically by degeneration of caudate and putamen, biochemically by tissue deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase(GCDH), and is transmitted as an autosomal recessive traits. Mutations of the GCDH gene on chromosome 19 have been implicated in the causation of glutaric aciduria(type 1). Macrocephaly in infancy and crossing of percentiles for head circumference are real clues to early diagnosis. Acute neuroregression of dystonia following an initial phase of normal or almost normal development is a common mode of presentation, at times preceded by seizures. We experienced a case of glutaric aciduria(type 1) in a 13-month old girl. She was admitted due to development delay and choreoasthetoid movememt that developed after generalized tonic-clonic type seizures. She was diagnosed as having glutaric aciduria(type 1) based on brain MRI and urine organic acid analysis finding.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.31
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• pp.187-207
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the punching movement at the horseback riding stance, one of the basic movements in Taekwondo, with 3D images and further the kinetic variables such as time, velocity, angle, angular velocity, and angular acceleration according to the types. It also aimed to examine the characteristics of each type and suggest instructional methods for the right punching movement. For those purposes, three members from the College Taekwondo Poomse Demonstration Squad were put to the test. The research findings led to the following conclusions: 1. Performance Time of the Punching Movement : In Section 1, Type 1 and 2 recorded $0.24{\pm}0.07s$ and $0.42{\pm}0.08s$, respectively, for the punching movement at the horseback riding stance. While Type 1 took less performance time in the punching movement, Type 2 took less time for take back according to each section's percentage in the total performance time. 2. Variables of Linear Velocity and Linear Acceleration : Each type recorded different linear velocity for each aspect, but the highest linear velocity represented the moment of impact for each type. Type 2 recorded the highest linear velocity in Aspect 4, which was the moment of impact. 3. Variable of Joint Angle : There were no big outer differences in the joint angle during the punching movement between Type 1 in the aspect of impact and Type 2, but the individuals assumed dynamic positions in the punching movement of Type 2 with more diverse changes to the joint angle. 4. Variables of Angular Velocity and Angular Acceleration During the punching movement of Type 1, the Aspect 3 in the moment of impact recorded angular velocity of $0.79{\pm}0.02deg/s$, $0.91{\pm}0.04deg/s$, and $5.24{\pm}0.09deg/s$ at the pelvis, shoulder, and wrist respectively. During the punching movement of Type 2, the Aspect 3 in the moment of impact recorded angular velocity of $1.32{\pm}0.03deg/s$, $0.21{\pm}0.03deg/s$, and $4.98{\pm}0.08deg/$ at the shoulder, wrist, and pelvis, respectively. In the Aspect 3 in the moment of impact in Type 2, the angular acceleration at the right wrist joint was $176.24{\pm}1.11deg/s^2$, which was bigger than that in the moment of impact in Type 1.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze exercise related mechanical variables according to performance levels and Kumi-kata types in elite judo players (G1) and non-elite judo players, namely university players (G2). To achieve this purpose, three players in G1 whose main special skill was Morote-Seoinage and three university judo players(G2) was selected as comparative group. Then they were examined for distinguishing A and B types of Kumi-kata. Analyzed variables were the time required to show skills, knee degree, elbow degree. After analysing this study, conclusions were derived as follows. 1. In total necessary time of showing skills according to group of Kumi-kata type, G2 was longer than G1 in both A type (20.9%) and B type (23.7%). In necessary time of phase, in only 3P, G1 was shorter than G2 in A type (50%) and B type (75%). There was no difference in time required of 1P and 2P according to Kumi-kata type of group and in only 3P, B type was shorter than A type in both B type (75%) of G1 and B type (50%) of G2 2 There was no difference in elbow degree of offensive arm according to group of Kumi-kata type, however in A and B types, G1 could use skills by extending in kake phase, but G2 could use skills by bending. Elbow degree of offensive arm according to Kumi-kata type of group showed difference in E1. and F2 of G1. A and B types of G1 extended elbow degree in Kake phase, but G2 bent elbow degree so exercise program which could movable range extensively in Kake phase is needed.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.31 no.1_2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2013

We analyze queueing model with priority scheduling by supplementary variable method. Customers are classified into two types (type-1 and type-2 ) according to their characteristics. Customers of each type arrive by independent Poisson processes, and all customers regardless of type have same general service time. The service order of each type is determined by the queue length of type-1 buffer. If the queue length of type-1 customer exceeds a threshold L, the service priority is given to the type-1 customer. Otherwise, the service priority is given to type-2 customer. Method of supplementary variable by remaining service time gives us information for queue length of two buffers. That is, we derive the differential difference equations for our queueing system. We obtain joint probability generating function for two queue lengths and the remaining service time. Also, the mean queue length of each buffer is derived.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.250-253
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• 1987

The transfer of the isolated nuclei from P. florida into protoplasts of P. ostreatus was induced with polyethylene glycol and $CaCl_2$. Three types of transfer products of nuclei were obtained when transferred to MMM. Type 1 colonies were more vigrously growing mycelium and stable on MCM. One of the type 1 colonies, appeared segregation on MCM plus benomyl. The mycelium did not form clamp connection. These results suggest that type 1 colonies were nuclear hybrids or allodiploids. Type 2 was main products of nuclear transfer. The mycelium formed clamp connection and fertile on sawdust media. Type 3 was very slow growing or non-viable colonies after debris of nuclei or chromosomes transfer into recipient protoplasts. Isozyme pattern of esterase in type 1 produced a new band. Type 2 and type 3 could be characterized by parental bands.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2007

We study a maximal operator defined on spaces of homogeneous type, and we prove that this operator is of weak type (1,1). As a consequence we show that the maximal operator belongs to the Muckenhoupt's class $A_1$.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.847-852
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• 2003

It was examined carefully that the bacterial die-off between Chlorella vulgaris and E. coli. W3110 was tested through adding TOC (total organic carbon) with the lab-scaled continuous river water flow system (CRWFS). Artificial synthetic wastewater was applied at two levels of organic carbon concentration; 1,335 mg/l in treatment type 1 and 267 mg/l in type 2. In both types, the population densities of Chlorella vulgaris were similar in a maximum 8.25 ${\times}$ 10$\^$6/ cells/ml (type 1) and 6.925 ${\times}$ 10$\^$6/ cells/ml (type 2). The maximum densities of E. coli. W3110 were 2.0 ${\times}$ 10$\^$8/ colony forming unit (CFU)/ml in type 1 and 3.9 ${\times}$ 10$\^$8/ CFU/ml in type 2. The densities increased for 11 days in type 1 and 4 days in type 2, then decreased rapidly till the 35th day, then slightly increased again. This trend was prominent in type 2. It implied that a wider range of nutrients was required in the growth of heterotrophic bacteria in type 2 than in type 1. We could not expect successful bacterial die-off if the wastewater retention time was not furnished sufficiently.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Computer Game
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.81-89
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to classify the types of internet personal game broadcasting in China and to examine viewers' preferences type of it. By targeting top 100 creators of Player-Unknown's Battleground streaming as a personal game broadcaster with over 100,000 followers, the game types were classified based on the purpose and characteristic of game broadcasting such as game play, entertainment, and audience participation. As a result, the type of internet personal game broadcasting in China was classified into progamer type, cooperative playing type, storytelling type, and reciprocal entertainment type. The progamer type was 38% and it was the highest proportion of Player-Unknown's Battlegrounds streaming. Next came storytelling type, cooperative playing type and reciprocal entertainment type with 25%, 19% and 18% respectively. In sum, progamer type and storytelling type which shows relatively low real - time communication with audiences accounted for a high percentage of 63%. This implies that the characteristics of the broadcast media focused on 'showing' have influenced the production and planning of personal game broad casting. The interactive characteristics of the platform of personal game broad casting can be expected to gradually change the conventional customs of broadcasting media.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.724-730
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• 2006

A sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker, which was tightly linked with the A1 mating type locus in Phytophthora infestans, was developed. During the random amplified polymorphic DNA-based phylogenic studies of 33 isolates of P infestans collected from year 2002 to 2004, we found an A1 mating type-specific DNA fragment. This 573-bp DNA fragment was generated only in the genomic DNA of the A1 mating types, when OPC-5 primer was used. Based on the specific DNA sequence, we designed the primer sets for generating the A1 mating type-specific 569-bp DNA fragment. When 33 genomic DNAs of P. infestans were subjected to PCR amplification using different primer combinations, the A1 mating type-specific DNA was amplified, when LB-1F and LB-2R primers were used. The specific 569-bp DNA fragment was generated only from all 18 A1 strains, but not from 15 A2 mating type strains. These results corresponded to the mating type discriminating bioassay of 33 isolates of P. infestans. Therefore, the primer combination of LB-1F/LB2R was chosen as a SCAR marker. Overall, this study indicates that the SCAR marker could be developed into a useful tool for mating type determination of P. infestans.