• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.153-154
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• 2003

최근 10년간 대기환경 개선대책으로 1차 오염물질인 이산화황과 총부유먼지(TSP)의 농도는 현저히 감소하고 있다. 그러나 자동차의 증가 등으로 미세먼지, 오존 둥 2차 대기오염물질의 오염도는 오히려 증가하고 있는 추세에 있다. 특히 미세먼지(PM$_{2.5}$)는 시정에 영향을 주어 체감오염도를 증가시킬 뿐만 아니라 PM$_{2.5}$ 내에 함유된 각종 유해물질과 중금속 등은 인체에 직접적인 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있다. (중략)(중략)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2005

The possibility of using Moringa oleifera as a ruminant protein supplement was investigated by comparison between nutritive and anti-nutritive value of its different morphological parts with that of conventionally used Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal (LL). Parameters determined were chemical composition, rumen degradable protein (RDP), acid detergent insoluble protein (ADIP), pepsin soluble protein (PESP), non-protein nitrogen (NPN) total soluble protein (TSP) and protein potentially digested in the intestine (PDI). Total phenols (TP) and total extractable tannins (TET) were also evaluated as anti-nutritive factors. In vitro gas production characteristics were measured and organic matter digestibility (OMD) was estimated basing on 24 h-gas production. Crude protein content ranged from 265-308 g/kg DM in M. oleifera leaves (MOL) and seed cake (MOC) respectively. Leucaena leucocephala and Moringa oleifera soft twigs and leaves (MOLSTL) had CP content of 236 and 195 g/kg DM while Moringa oleifera soft twigs alone (MOST) and Moringa oleifera bucks (MOB) had 160, 114 and 69.3 g/kg DM respectively. RDP was highest in (MOC) (181 g/kg DM) followed by (MOL) (177 g/kg DM) and was lowest in MOB (40 g/kg DM). The proportion of the protein that was not available to the animal (ADIP) was (p<0.05) higher in MOL and MOC (72 and 73 g/kg DM) respectively and lowest in LL (29 g/kg DM). The PDI was high in LL (74 g/kg DM) followed by MOC (55 g/kg DM) then MOL (16 g/kg DM). PESP was highest (p<0.05) in MOC followed by MOL then LL (273, 200 and 163 g/kg DM respectively). MOC exhibited highest NPN content (116 g/kg DM) and was lowest in MOB (18 g/kg DM) (p<0.05). Highly (p<0.05) TSP was observed in MOC and MOL (308 and 265 g/kg DM respectively) followed by LL (236 g/kg DM). MOL had negligible TET (20 g/kg DM) when compared with about 70 g/kg DM in LL. Highly (p<0.05) b and a+b values were observed for MOLSTL (602 and 691 g/kg DM respectively) followed by MOL (490 and 538 g/kg DM). Highest c value was observed in MOSTL followed by MOC and MOL (0.064, 0.056 and 0.053 rate/hour) respectively. OMD was highest (p<0.05) for MOSTL followed by MOC and then MOL (579, 579 and 562 g/kg DM respectively). LL exhibited lower (p<0.05) OMD (467 g/kg DM). It was concluded from this study that the high crude protein content in MOL and MOLST could be well utilized by ruminant animals and increase animal performance however, high proportion of unavailable protein to the lower gut of animals and high rumen degradable protein due to negligible tannin content render it a relatively poor protein supplement for ruminants. MOC can be a best alternative protein supplement to leaves and leaves and soft twigs for ruminants.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 1999

To estimate the residence times of aerosols in air, the activities of $^{210}Pb$ and $^{210}Po$ in aerosols were measured at 4 sites in Pusan. All aerosol samples were collected by a high volume air sampler from January to October 1996. The activities $^{210}Pb$ and $^{210}Po$ in Pusan were varied from 11.77 to 67.57 dpm/1000$m^3$ and from 2.63 to 15.91 dpm/1000$m^3$, respectively. The mean activities were 34.62 dpm/1000$m^3$ for $^{210}Pb$ and 8.24 dpm/1000$m^3$ for $^{210}Po$. The highest values of the activities of $^{210}Pb$ and $^{210}Po$ were appeared at P3 site and the lowest values at P4 site. During the sampling period, the trends of the activities of $^{210}Po$ and $^{210}Pb$ were similar to total suspended particulate matter(TSP) concentrations. The mean residence times of atmospheric aerosols calculated from $^{210}Po$/$^{210}Pb$ activity ratio was about 60~80 days in Pusan. The longest residence time of atmospheric aerosols was in January because of the lack of rainout and washout, but the shortest residence time was in August, largely due to scavenging effect by frequent rains. The activities of $^{210}Po$ and $^{210}Pb$ in atmospheric aerosols were different in time and space, which seems that the distribution of $^{210}Po$ and $^{210}Pb$ activities and scavenging processes in air may be controlled by the local and meteorological conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.414-423
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• 2016

In the present study, the $CuN_x-Cu-CuN_x$ layer the partial pressure ratio Cu metal of Ar and $N_2$ gas using a DC magnetron sputtering device, was generated by the In-situ method. $CuN_x$ layer was able to obtain a surface reflectance reduction effect from the advantages of the process and the external light. $CuN_x$ layer is gas partial pressure, DC the Power, the deposition time variable transmittance in response to the thickness and partial pressure ratio, the reflectance was measured. $Ar:N_2$ gas ratio 10:10(sccm), DC power 0.35 A, was derived Deposition time 90 sec optimum conditions. Thus, according to the optimal thickness and the composition ratio was derived surface reflectance of 20.75%. In addition, to derive the value of ${\Delta}$ Ra surface roughness of 0.467. It was derived $CuN_x$ band-gap energy of about 2.2 eV. Thus, to ensure a thickness and process conditions can be absorbed to maximize the light in a wavelength band in the visible light region. As a result, the implementation of the $12k{\Omega}$ base line resistance of using the Cu metal. This is, 5 inch Metal mesh TSP(L/S: $4/270{\mu}m$) is in the range of the reference operation.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.192-203
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• 2020

Objectives: The concentration distributions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenlys (dl-PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fine particles were investigated to provide basic data on POP behavior and composition analysis. Methods: The concentrations of PCDD/Fs, dl-PCBs, and PAHs by particle size were evaluated for TSP, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5. Also, fine dust component analysis and factor analysis were performed to identify the source of PCDD/Fs. Results: The particle size distribution was found to account for 24.3% of >10 ㎛, 14.5% of 2.5-10 ㎛, and 61.2% of <2.5 ㎛. The average contributions of coarse particles (>2.5 ㎛) and fine particles (<2.5 ㎛) were PCDD/Fs 67%, dl-PCBs 66%, benzo (a) pyrene 83% and PAHs 84%, and the contributions of fine particles (<2.5 ㎛) were higher than coarse particles (>2.5 ㎛). However, the contributions of coarse particles increased in April to September with higher temperatures, while those of fine particles increased in February to March with lower temperatures. Conclusions: Low chlorinated (4Cl-5Cl) PCDD/Fs were more adsorbed compared to coarse particles due to the influence of pollutant migration from particulate to gas phase according to temperature rise, whereas high chlorinated (6Cl-8Cl) PCDD/Fs were more adsorbed compared to fine particles. PCDD/Fs sources were assessed to be major sources of emissions, such as incineration facilities and/or open burning.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.6 s.67
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• pp.906-912
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• 2004

Helicobacter pylori infection is highly prevalent, as high as 2/3 of whole population infected, in Korea. H. pylori infection initiates inflammation by induction of interleukin-8 through type IV secretion of CagA. It was recently suggested that induction failure of IL-8 is not associated with defect in cag PAI but associated with cagE locus diversity. This study was designed to investigate ability of 11-8 in-duction according to sequence variation within the cagE gene, cagA TP motifs and vacA m-types in vitro study using AGS cell-line, and to evaluate its association with different clinical outcome. Seventy-four H. pylori stains were isolated from 23 patients with gastric cancer (Ca), 24 subjects with gastritis (G) and 27 patients with duodenal ulcer (Du) in Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea. cagE gene diversity was confirmed by the PCR-RFLP methods with MboI/NlaIII and tyrosine phosphate motifs (TPMs) of cagA was determined TPM-A and C by using DdeI/Tsp5091 restriction enzyme and TPM-B was determend by Real time PCR the method of Owen et al. and IL-8 was measured by ELISA assay. IL-8 activity was positively detected in 59 among 74 strains $(79.7\%)$. IL-8 secretion was significantly increased in MboI A and MboI B type compared to MboI C type and in MboI/NlaIII A-C and B-C type than C-C type. 1L-8 activity was not associated with either the number or composition of cagA tyrosine phosphorylation motifs and vacA m-type. There was no significant difference in IL-8 activity among patient groups. cagE gene diversity is thought to be mainly associated with the induction of IL-8 in H. pylori infection.