• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2021

Purpose: Traumatic vertebral injuries have a prevalence of 4-5% at level I centers. Studies have demonstrated that isolated thoracolumbar transverse process fractures (iTPF) rarely require brace or surgical interventions. We hypothesized that similarly isolated thoracolumbar spinous process fractures (iSPF) would have less need for bracing and operative interventions than SPFs with associated vertebral body (VB) fractures (SPF+VB). We performed a similar analysis for iTPF compared to transverse process fractures associated with VB injury (TPF+VB). Methods: In this single-center, retrospective study from 2012 to 2016, patients were classified into iSPF, SPF+VB, iTPF, and TPF+VB groups. Data including the fracture pattern, neurologic deficits, and operative intervention were obtained. The primary outcome studied was the need for bracing and/or surgery. A statistical analysis was conducted. Results: Of 98 patients with spinous process fractures, 21 had iSPF and 77 had SPF+VB. No iSPF patients underwent surgery, whereas 24 (31.17%) SPF+VB patients did undergo surgery (p=0.012). In the iSPF group, three patients (15%) received braces only for comfort, whereas 37 (48.68%) of the SPF+VB group required bracing (p=0.058). Of 474 patients with transverse process fractures, 335 had iTPF and 139 had TPF+VB. No iTPF patients underwent surgery, whereas 28 (20.14%) TPF+VB patients did (p≤0.001). Of the iTPF patients, six (1.86%) were recommended to receive braces only for comfort, while 68 (50.75%) of the TPF+VB patients required bracing (p<0.001). Conclusions: No patients with iSPF or iTPF required surgical intervention, and bracing was recommended to patients in these groups for comfort only. It appears that these injures may be safely managed without interventions, calling into question the need for spine consultation.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.3-27
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• 2021

Recent Discussions on Third-Party Funding (TPF) in the forums of UNCITRAL, ICSID, and ICC are making different levels of progress towards finalizing the rules. However, they also have similarities in dealing with legal issues related to TPF, such as definitions, disclosure, allocation of costs, and security for costs. International treaty tribunals have dealt with TPF issues, too. When it comes to the standing of funded claimants, the tribunal in Ambiente v. Argentina did not accept the argument that claimants were controlled by the TPF provider. Concerning the scope of the disclosure, the tribunal in Tennant v. Canada ordered the disclosure of the TPF arrangement. As for the allocation of costs, the tribunal in Kardassopoulos v. Georgia noted that there is no reason why a TPF agreement should be treated differently than an insurance contract. Regarding the security for costs, the tribunal in South American Silver v. Bolivia considered the mere existence of a third-party funder as not an exclusive factor to determine costs in the earlier stage of the proceedings. Lastly, relating to TPF as a ground for annulment, the tribunal in Teinver v. Argentina declined the respondent's argument that the TPF agreement was the vehicle of fraud.

• Korean Journal of Ophthalmology
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.483-487
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• 2018

Purpose: To compare the characteristics and surgical outcomes in patients with tenacious proximal fusion (TPF) and high accommodative convergence/accommodation ratio (AC/A) types of intermittent exotropia. Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled 40 patients with intermittent exotropia, 23 with TPF and 17 with high AC/A. Binocular function was evaluated by Worth's 4-dot test. Patients underwent lateral rectus recession, and surgical outcomes were compared. Surgical success was defined as less than ${\pm}10$ prism diopters (PD) at 12 months postoperatively. Results: The proportion of diplopia at near, evaluated by Worth's 4-dot test, was significantly higher in patients with high AC/A than in those with TPF (35.3% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.029). The mean preoperative angles of deviation in TPF and high AC/A types were $28.3{\pm}4.4$ and $28.8{\pm}4.5PD$ at distances, and $14.7{\pm}4.2$ and $15.1{\pm}4.1PD$ at near. Twelve months after surgery, the mean angles of deviation in TPF and high AC/A types were $2.9{\pm}9.8$ and $1.2{\pm}9.6PD$, respectively, at distance and $1.7{\pm}7.7$ and $-1.3{\pm}11.3PD$ at near. The surgical success rates were similar in the TPF and high AC/A types (74.0% vs. 64.7%). Five (21.7%) patients with TPF and 2 (11.8%) with high AC/A type experienced recurrence, with consecutive esotropia occurring in 1 (4.3%) patient with TPF and 4 (23.5%) patients with high AC/A. Conclusions: The proportion of diplopia at near was higher in patients with high AC/A type than in those with TPF intermittent exotropia. However, the surgical success rates were not significantly different between the types.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.485-488
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• 2005

The 2nd KOrea Multi-Purpose Satellite (KOMPSAT -2) has been developed by Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) since 2000. Multi Spectral Camera (MSC) is the payload for KOMPSAT -2, which will provide the observation imagery around Korean peninsula with high resolution. KOMPSAT-2 has adopted X-band Tracking System (XTS) for transmitting earth observation data to ground station. For this, data which describes and controls the pre-defined motion of each on-board X-Band antenna in XTS, must be transmitted to the spacecraft as S-Band command and it is called as Tracking Parameter Files (TPF). In this paper, the result of the development of TPF Generation S/W for KOMPSAT-2 X-Band Antenna Motion Control.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

저궤도 위성은 지상국과의 접속 중에 X-band 안테나를 이용해 촬영한 영상을 전송한다. X-band 안테나는 교신 시간 동안 TPF (tracking parameter file)에 따라 움직이며 지상국의 안테나를 지속적으로 지향한다. TPF 생성 소프트웨어는 위성의 궤도 및 자세 정보와 촬영 및 다운링크 임무 정보를 이용해 X-band 안테나가 지상국을 지향하도록 하는 Azimuth, Elevation 정보를 생성한다. 위성이 지상국 상공을 지나가는 경우 X-band 안테나 특성 상 방위각 속도가 급격하게 증가하며, 특정 각속도로 회전하는 경우 위성의 지터를 유발할 수 있다. 영상촬영과 다운링크를 동시에 수행하는 실시간 임무의 경우 지터에 의한 영상 열화를 방지하기 위해 Azimuth 각속도를 일정 수준 이하로 낮춰야 한다. 현재 사용하는 방법인 한 점의 가상 지상국을 지향하는 방법으로는 각속도를 낮추는데 한계가 있다. 이 논문에서는 방위각 고정 기법을 이용해 X-band 안테나의 Azimuth 각속도를 낮추는 방법을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 제안된 방법을 이용해 방위각 속도가 현저하게 감소함을 나타낸다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1158-1163
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• 2011

경남지역 논 토양 곡간 및 선상지 10개소와 하성평탄지 10개소를 대상으로 2011년에 미생물 세포벽 지방산 함량을 분석하여 미생물 다양성을 주성분분석으로 해석하였다. 토양 미생물체량은 곡간 및 선상지가 $1,266mg\;kg^{-1}$으로 하성평탄지 $578mg\;kg^{-1}$ 보다 유의적으로 많았으며 탈수소효소 활성도 곡간 및 선상지가 $204{\mu}g\;TPF\;g^{-1}\;24h^{-1}$으로 하성평탄지 $93{\mu}g\;TPF\;g^{-1}\;24h^{-1}$보다 유의적으로 많았다. 논 토양 평균 미생물 군집은 곡간 및 선상지가 총 세균이 32.9%, 그람음성 세균은 17.7%로서 하성평탄지의 총 세균 30.3%, 그람음성 세균 15.2%에 비해 유의적으로 많았다. 주성분 분석 결과 토양 유기물 함량과 총 세균 군집 비율이 경남지역 논 토양의 곡간 및 선상지와 하성평탄지의 특성을 구분할 수 있었다.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2005

본 기술 논문에서는 아리랑 2호 APS의 안정적인 운용 및 TPF의 정밀도와 관련하여 궤도예측 시스템의 예측오차를 분석하였다. 본 논문에서는 보다 실제적이고 정확한 성능 및 오차 분석을 위하여 아리랑 2호 정상 운용 및 예상되는 연장 운용 시기와 유사한 태양활동을 보인 기간 동안의 아리랑 1호 실제 데이터를 이용하여 궤도결정 및 예측을 수행하였다. 본 기술 논문의 결과들은 아리랑 2호 APS와 지상 X-Band 수신국 간의 인터페이스 문서에서 할당된 "지상 궤도예측 정밀도"에 대한 분석 및 검증 자료로 활용될 수 있으며, 아리랑 2호 APS의 안정적인 운용에 중요한 참고 자료가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.287-298
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• 2022

Indonesia is an agrarian country with the significant development of Shariah banking. This study aimed to estimate the effect of Third Party Funds (TPF), Non-Performing Financing (NPF), Exchange Rates (ER), and Bank Indonesia Shariah Certificates (SBIS) on the Sharia Agriculture Sector Financing in Indonesia during 2014-2020. This study used the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique to analyze the data. The coefficient of determination test showed that 99.19% of Sharia financing in the agricultural sector was influenced by TPF, NPF, Exchange Rate, and SBIS variables. The estimation results showed that the variables of TPF and ER significantly affected Sharia Financing for Agricultural Sector (PP). Meanwhile, the NPF and SBIS variables had no significant effect on PP. This research showed the resilience and accuracy of Islamic banking in selecting financing and can support the development of other Islamic financial instruments such as SBIS. Simultaneous test results demonstrated the existence of the estimating model. Because of the character of the Indonesian nation as an agricultural country, this study advised Sharia banking to prioritize the usage of third-party funds from the public for the agricultural industry. Sharia banking also needed to produce Islamic finance products that fit the agriculture business sector's needs.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.251-259
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• 1996

주 공진기 Nd:YLF 레이저에서 Q-switching and mode-locking(QSML)된 펄스열로부터 단일 펄스를 선택한 후 4중경로 Nd:glass 레이저 증폭기를 통과시켜 얻은 증폭된 빔의 펄스폭을 이광자 형광법으로 측정하였고 비공선 일종 이차고조파법을 이용하여 CW mode-locked 펄스열의 자기상관을 구해 펄스폭과 함께 펄스형을 결정하였다. 측정된 TPF 자기상관 패턴은 QSML 펄스열에서 단일 펄스를 선택하는 위치에 따라 다른 양상을 보였다. 즉, 펄스열 전반부에서 선택된 펄스의 자기상관은 곡선이 부드러운 펄스형을 보이는 반면, 펄스열 후반부일 때는 예리한 spike와 중앙의 substructure를 나타냈다. TPF법에 의한 증폭된 빔의 자기상관으로부터 펄스폭은 44.4ps, 대비비는 2.86로 측정되었으며 이 대비비로부터 펄스와 배경을 합한 전체 에너지에 대한 펄스의 에너지비 E$_{p}$/E$_{total}$ =0.62를 구할 수 있었고 또한 mode-locking만 된 펄스를 사용한 SHG 자기상관 실험에서는 펄스폭이 46.6ps로 측정되었다. 한편, 측정된 SHG 자기상관 신호를 여러 펄스형으로 fitting한 결과 펄스형이 sech$^{2}$형에 가까움을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 펄스형을 이용한 시뮬레이션을 통해 4중경로 증폭기를 통과한 펄스의 펄스폭 감소 효과를 확인하였다.다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.137.2-137.2
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• 2009