• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2021

Purpose: Traumatic vertebral injuries have a prevalence of 4-5% at level I centers. Studies have demonstrated that isolated thoracolumbar transverse process fractures (iTPF) rarely require brace or surgical interventions. We hypothesized that similarly isolated thoracolumbar spinous process fractures (iSPF) would have less need for bracing and operative interventions than SPFs with associated vertebral body (VB) fractures (SPF+VB). We performed a similar analysis for iTPF compared to transverse process fractures associated with VB injury (TPF+VB). Methods: In this single-center, retrospective study from 2012 to 2016, patients were classified into iSPF, SPF+VB, iTPF, and TPF+VB groups. Data including the fracture pattern, neurologic deficits, and operative intervention were obtained. The primary outcome studied was the need for bracing and/or surgery. A statistical analysis was conducted. Results: Of 98 patients with spinous process fractures, 21 had iSPF and 77 had SPF+VB. No iSPF patients underwent surgery, whereas 24 (31.17%) SPF+VB patients did undergo surgery (p=0.012). In the iSPF group, three patients (15%) received braces only for comfort, whereas 37 (48.68%) of the SPF+VB group required bracing (p=0.058). Of 474 patients with transverse process fractures, 335 had iTPF and 139 had TPF+VB. No iTPF patients underwent surgery, whereas 28 (20.14%) TPF+VB patients did (p≤0.001). Of the iTPF patients, six (1.86%) were recommended to receive braces only for comfort, while 68 (50.75%) of the TPF+VB patients required bracing (p<0.001). Conclusions: No patients with iSPF or iTPF required surgical intervention, and bracing was recommended to patients in these groups for comfort only. It appears that these injures may be safely managed without interventions, calling into question the need for spine consultation.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.3-27
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• 2021

Recent Discussions on Third-Party Funding (TPF) in the forums of UNCITRAL, ICSID, and ICC are making different levels of progress towards finalizing the rules. However, they also have similarities in dealing with legal issues related to TPF, such as definitions, disclosure, allocation of costs, and security for costs. International treaty tribunals have dealt with TPF issues, too. When it comes to the standing of funded claimants, the tribunal in Ambiente v. Argentina did not accept the argument that claimants were controlled by the TPF provider. Concerning the scope of the disclosure, the tribunal in Tennant v. Canada ordered the disclosure of the TPF arrangement. As for the allocation of costs, the tribunal in Kardassopoulos v. Georgia noted that there is no reason why a TPF agreement should be treated differently than an insurance contract. Regarding the security for costs, the tribunal in South American Silver v. Bolivia considered the mere existence of a third-party funder as not an exclusive factor to determine costs in the earlier stage of the proceedings. Lastly, relating to TPF as a ground for annulment, the tribunal in Teinver v. Argentina declined the respondent's argument that the TPF agreement was the vehicle of fraud.

• Korean Journal of Ophthalmology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.483-487
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• 2018

Purpose: To compare the characteristics and surgical outcomes in patients with tenacious proximal fusion (TPF) and high accommodative convergence/accommodation ratio (AC/A) types of intermittent exotropia. Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled 40 patients with intermittent exotropia, 23 with TPF and 17 with high AC/A. Binocular function was evaluated by Worth's 4-dot test. Patients underwent lateral rectus recession, and surgical outcomes were compared. Surgical success was defined as less than ${\pm}10$ prism diopters (PD) at 12 months postoperatively. Results: The proportion of diplopia at near, evaluated by Worth's 4-dot test, was significantly higher in patients with high AC/A than in those with TPF (35.3% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.029). The mean preoperative angles of deviation in TPF and high AC/A types were $28.3{\pm}4.4$ and $28.8{\pm}4.5PD$ at distances, and $14.7{\pm}4.2$ and $15.1{\pm}4.1PD$ at near. Twelve months after surgery, the mean angles of deviation in TPF and high AC/A types were $2.9{\pm}9.8$ and $1.2{\pm}9.6PD$, respectively, at distance and $1.7{\pm}7.7$ and $-1.3{\pm}11.3PD$ at near. The surgical success rates were similar in the TPF and high AC/A types (74.0% vs. 64.7%). Five (21.7%) patients with TPF and 2 (11.8%) with high AC/A type experienced recurrence, with consecutive esotropia occurring in 1 (4.3%) patient with TPF and 4 (23.5%) patients with high AC/A. Conclusions: The proportion of diplopia at near was higher in patients with high AC/A type than in those with TPF intermittent exotropia. However, the surgical success rates were not significantly different between the types.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.485-488
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• 2005

The 2nd KOrea Multi-Purpose Satellite (KOMPSAT -2) has been developed by Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) since 2000. Multi Spectral Camera (MSC) is the payload for KOMPSAT -2, which will provide the observation imagery around Korean peninsula with high resolution. KOMPSAT-2 has adopted X-band Tracking System (XTS) for transmitting earth observation data to ground station. For this, data which describes and controls the pre-defined motion of each on-board X-Band antenna in XTS, must be transmitted to the spacecraft as S-Band command and it is called as Tracking Parameter Files (TPF). In this paper, the result of the development of TPF Generation S/W for KOMPSAT-2 X-Band Antenna Motion Control.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

A LEO satellite transmits recorded images to a ground station using an X-band antenna during contact. The X-band antenna points to the ground station according to a TPF (tracking parameter file) during communication time. A TPF generation software generates azimuth and elevation profile which make the antenna point to the ground station using satellite orbit and attitude information and mission information including recording and downlink operation. When the satellite passes above the ground station, azimuth velocity increases rapidly so that jitter may occur if the azimuth velocity is in specific range. In case of realtime mission in which the satellite perform recording and downlink simultaneously, azimuth velocity must be lower than specific value to prevent image blur due to jitter effect. The method to point one virtual ground station has limitation of azimuth velocity reduction. In this paper, we propose the azimuth fixing method to reduce azimuth velocity of X-band antenna. The experimental results show that azimuth velocity of the X-band antenna is remarkably reduced using proposed method.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1158-1163
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• 2011

The present study was aimed to evaluate the soil microbial communities by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) method in paddy soils at 20 sites in Gyeongnam Province. The soil microbial biomass carbon content of fan and valley $1,266mg\;kg^{-1}$ was higher than alluvial plain $578mg\;kg^{-1}$ (p<0.05). In addition, The dehydrogenase activity of fan and valley $204{\mu}g\;TPF\;g^{-1}\;24h^{-1}$ was higher than alluvial plain $93{\mu}g\;TPF\;g^{-1}\;24h^{-1}$ (p<0.05). The communities of total bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria in the fan and valley paddy soils were significantly higher than those in the alluvial plain paddy soils (p<0.05). Total bacteria communities should be considered as a potential responsible factor for the obvious microbial community differentiation that was observed between the fan and valley and alluvial plain in paddy soils.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.221-228
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• 2005

In this study, orbit prediction accuracy of the MPAS for the KOMPSAT-2 was analyzed in order to verify the TPF accuracy and operate the APS of the KOMPSAT-2 successfully. The analysis was performed using flight data of the KOMPSAT-1 in that the KOMPSAT-2 will be operated in the same orbit of the KOMPSAT-1. The periods to analyze were selected according to the solar activity. The results in this study verified the requirement for the TPF accuracy and will be used for the successful operation of the KOMPSAT-2.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.287-298
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• 2022

Indonesia is an agrarian country with the significant development of Shariah banking. This study aimed to estimate the effect of Third Party Funds (TPF), Non-Performing Financing (NPF), Exchange Rates (ER), and Bank Indonesia Shariah Certificates (SBIS) on the Sharia Agriculture Sector Financing in Indonesia during 2014-2020. This study used the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique to analyze the data. The coefficient of determination test showed that 99.19% of Sharia financing in the agricultural sector was influenced by TPF, NPF, Exchange Rate, and SBIS variables. The estimation results showed that the variables of TPF and ER significantly affected Sharia Financing for Agricultural Sector (PP). Meanwhile, the NPF and SBIS variables had no significant effect on PP. This research showed the resilience and accuracy of Islamic banking in selecting financing and can support the development of other Islamic financial instruments such as SBIS. Simultaneous test results demonstrated the existence of the estimating model. Because of the character of the Indonesian nation as an agricultural country, this study advised Sharia banking to prioritize the usage of third-party funds from the public for the agricultural industry. Sharia banking also needed to produce Islamic finance products that fit the agriculture business sector's needs.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.251-259
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• 1996

Two-Photon Fluorescence (TPF) experiment measures temporal width of an amplified short laser pulse which has passed through a four-pass Nd: glass amplifier, after selecting a single pulse from pulse train Q-switched and mode-locked(QSML) in Nd:YLF master oscillator. Determination of pulsewidth and pulseshape was also made with detection of autocorrelation trace of CW mode-locked pulse train by using noncollinear type I Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) method. The observed TPF track showed various patterns, depending on pulse-selecting position in QSML pulse train. That is, autocorrelation of a pulse extracted at front of the train displayed smooth pulse shape, while one from the trailing part of the train created many sharp spikes and substructure in the pulse. By TPF method, pulsewidth was measured to be 44.4 ps with contrast ratio of 2.86 which enabled us to find out energy fraction of a pulse to total energy, (sum of pulse and background); we obtain the value of 0.62. Pulsewidth of 46.6ps was also acquired in another SHG experiment with the help of only mode-locked pulse train. On the other hand, we confirmed that shape of the pulse is close to $sech^2$ one as a result of fitting the SHG autocorrelation signal with various functions. With simulation using this $sech^2$ type of pulse, pulsewidth reduction of the beam, having passed through four-pass amplifier, was also verified.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.137.2-137.2
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• 2009