• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.436-441
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• 2008

This work experimentally determined the effect of operating parameters such as temperature and solid retention time (SRT) on the phosphorus removal of municipal wastewater with waste-tire media. The experiments were carried out in pilot-scale moving bed biofilm reactor filled at a 0.15 filling ratio with the media. Total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency was $91{\pm}5$, $75{\pm}16$, and $59{\pm}14%$ at the temperature of 9~10, 10~20, and $20{\sim}26^{\circ}C$, respectively. TP removal efficiency was $71{\pm}17$, $74{\pm}16$, $74{\pm}16$, and $68{\pm}18%$ at the SRT of 3.5~5, 5~10, 10~15, and 15~20 days, respectively. At the nitrate concentration of 1~3, 3~6, and 6~9 mg/L, TP removal efficiency was $82{\pm}9$, $68{\pm}18$, $47{\pm}7%$, respectively. The concentration of total phosphorus in the effluent was $0.1{\sim}1.8(0.8{\pm}0.4)mg/L$ regardless of operating conditions, which meets Korean phosphorus limit value, 2 mg/L, for discharge into receiving waters.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this experiment was to illuminate the relationship between the phosphorus removal rate of unit operation and the phosphorus removal rate of phosphorus volume loading in the Ferrous Nutrient Removal process, which consists of an anoxic basin, oxic basin, and iron precipitation apparatus. Methods: This study was conducted in order to improve the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in domestic wastewater using the FNR (Ferrous Nutrient Removal) process which features an iron precipitation reactor in anoxic and oxic basins. The average concentration of TN and TP was analyzed in a pilot plant ($50m^3/day$). Results: The removal rate of T-N and T-P were 66.5% and 92.8%, respectively. The $NH_3-N$ concentration of effluent was 2.62 mg/l with nitrification in the oxic basin even though the influent was 17.7 mg/l. The $NO_3$-N concentration of effluent was 5.83 mg/l through nitrification in oxic basin even though the influent and anoxic basin were 0.82 mg/l and 1.00 mg/l, respectively. The specific nitrification of the oxic basin ($mg.NH_3$-Nremoved/gMLVSSd) was 16.5 and specific de-nitrification ($mg.NO_3$-Nremoved/gMLVSSd) was 90.8. The T-P removal rate was higher in the oxic basin as T-P of influent was consumed at a rate of 56.3% in the anoxic basin but at 90.3% in the oxic basin. The TP removal rate (mg.TP/g.MLSS.d) ranged from 2.01 to 4.67 (3.06) as the volume loading of T-P was increased, Conclusions: The test results showed that the electrolysis of iron is an effective method of phosphorus removal. Regardless of the temperature and organic matter content of the influent, the quality of phosphorus in the treated water was both relatively stable and high due to the high removal efficiency. Nitrogen removal efficiency was 66.5% because organic matter from the influent serves as a carbon source in the anoxic basin.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.369-383
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 강원도 평창군 대관령면에 위치한 산지초지와 초지의 말단에 조성한 식생여과대(Vegetation Buffer Strip, VBS)에 분포형 유역모델 CAMEL을 적용하였다. 그리고 이를 통해 확보한 매개변수를 초지와 식생여과대로 구분한 다수의 시험격자에 적용하여 다양한 인자들에 의한 식생여과대 오염부하 저감효과를 평가하였다. 시험격자를 이용한 시나리오 모의결과, 식생여과대에서 강우의 직접유출량은 식생여과대 폭이 넓어질수록 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 전반적으로 경사가 높을수록 오염물질의 저감효율은 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 유사의 경우, 식생여과대 폭에 따른 저감효율은 전반적으로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. TOC와 TN의 경우, 시험격자의 경사가 $10^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$일 때, 식생여과대 폭에 따른 저감효율은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 경사가 $30^{\circ}$일 때 식생여과대 폭이 좁을수록 높은 저감효율을 보였다. 반면, TP의 경우, 양토(Loam)에서의 저감효율은 전반적으로 높지만, 사양토(Sandy loam)에서는 경사가 $20^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$일 때 식생여과대 폭이 넓을수록 높은 저감효율을 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 TOC와 TN의 모의결과와는 상반되는 결과로 대부분 입자성 물질로 존재하는 인의 경우 지표면에서의 포착현상으로 인해 길이에 따라 비례적으로 저감효율이 높아지는 경향을 보이는 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구에서 구축한 모델은 향후 비점오염물질의 유출을 효과적으로 저감할 수 있는 식생여과대 조성을 위한 기준 등을 제안하는데 효과적으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2014

강화된 수질기준 이하로 인을 제거하기 위해, 혐기조, 무산소조와 Bio-clod와 다공성 폴리우레탄 여재가 충진된 접촉 산화조로 구성된 생물학적 고도처리 공정을 대상으로 PAC (Poly aluminium chloride, 10.4% as $Al_2O_3$)적용 시 인제거의 효율을 검토하였다. 접촉산화조 유출수를 대상으로 Jar-test를 실시하여 최적 PAC 주입농도를 15 mg/L로 선정 후, 2차 침전조 전단에 PAC를 주입하여 응집 침전 후 상등수를 분석하였다. PAC 주입 후 BOD와 COD의 제거율의 경우 각각 96.1%와 88.8%로, 주입 전의 95.4%와 72.4%로 효과가 크지 않았으나, TP의 제거율은 97%로 주입 전의 71.6%에 비해 18.4% 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 특히 SP 제거율은 응집제 주입 전 59.5%에서 주입 후 98.6%로 분석되어, PAC의 적용으로 SP 제거가 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 실험기간 동안의 유출수의 TP농도는 0.13 mg/L 이하로, 추가적인 총인처리시설 설치 없이도 수질기준 준수가 가능하였다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2011

The water quality from nonpoint source run off results from different land use types has been studied. The construction of a buffer strip is one method of nonpoint source pollutant control. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model has been applied to estimate the pollutant removal through the buffer strip. When the non-business land has been changed into grass to form a buffer-strip, the change of land use effects the results of the model according to measures of the water quality. The data from a water level station within the watershed in the years 2006 and 2007 was used for calibration and validation of the model. Under the rainfall conditions in 2007, the removal rates of SS, BOD, TN, TP were 11.5%, 9.5%, 1.2%, and 4.5%, respectively. During the rainy days, the removal rates at the buffer strip were 92.3% of SS, 91.2% of BOD, 82.4% of TN, and 83.5% of TP. The pollutants from nonpoint sources were effectively removed by over 80% as they passed through the buffer strips. Rainfall resulted in soil erosion, which led to an increase in the SS concentration, therefore, the construction of buffer strips protected the streams from SS inflows. Since TN concentrations are affected by the inflows of ground water and the N concentration of the rainfall, the removal rate of TN was relatively lower than for the other pollutants.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.54-62
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• 2018

다양한 토지이용에서 발생된 영양염류는 수계 유입시 부영양화를 유발하며, 녹조발생의 원인물질이 되기에 비점오염원으로부터 영양염류를 저감하기 위한 LID 기법의 적용이 필요하다. 본 연구는 영양물질의 저감효율을 높이기 위한 하이브리드 인공습지(HCW)의 설계인자를 도출하고자 수행되었다. 하이브리드 인공습지는 공주대학교 천안캠퍼스내 100% 불투수층으로 이루어진 주차장 및 도로의 강우유출수 처리를 위하여 2010년에 조성되었으며, 현재까지 모니터링이 수행 중이다. 하이브리드 인공습지의 조성 이후 현재까지 수행 중인 모니터링 결과를 활용하여 산정한 TN의 평균 제거효율은 74%였으며, TP의 평균 제거효율은 72%로 나타났다. 이러한 TN 및 TP 제거효율은 일반적인 인공습지에 비하여 높은 제거효율이며 자유수면 습지 및 지표하 흐름습지에서의 활성화된 물리적 및 생태학적 기작에 기인한다. 하이브리드 인공습지의 효율적 영양물질 저감을 위한 중요설계인자는 유역면적 대비 시설면적의 비(SA/CA), 강우유출량, 강우강도 등으로 나타났으며, 영양물질 제거를 위한 최적 유입수의 C/N 비는 5:1에서 10.3:1로 산정되었다. 본 연구 결과는 도시지역의 강우유출수 내 영양염류를 고효율로 처리하고자 하는 하이브리드 인공습지의 효율적 설계에 사용 가능하다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of nutrient removal of municipal wastewater in the submerged membrane bioreactor by addition of alum directly into aerobic tank. Membrane bioreactor consists of three reactors such as two intermittent anaerobic tanks and the aerobic tank with hollow fiber membrane. The removal efficiencies of $COD_{cr}$, BOD, SS, TN and TP on the membrane bioreactor were 94.0%, 99.1%, 99.9%, 66.9%, and 58.9%, respectively. In addition, The removal efficiencies of $COD_{cr}$, BOD, SS, TN and TP on the membrane bioreactor with alum addition were 93.4%, 99.0%, 99.9%, 63.2%, and 96.8%, respectively. There was little difference between them on the nutrient removal efficiencies except phophorus removal. The estimated sludge production, specific denitrification rate, specific nitrification rate and phosphorus removal content on the membrane bioreactor were 1.76 kgTSS/d, $0.055mgNO_3-N/mgVSS{\cdot}d$, $0.031mgNH_4-N/mgVSS{\cdot}d$, and 0.095 kgP/d, respectively. And The estimated sludge production, specific denitrification rate, specific nitrification rate and phosphorus removal content on the membrane bioreactor with alum addition were 2.90 kgTSS/d, $0.049mgNO_3-N/mgVSS{\cdot}d$, $0.030mgNH_4-N/mgVSS{\cdot}d$, and 0.160 kgP/d, respectively. The alum content added was 1.7 molAl/molP on an average. The increasing ratio of tran-membrane pressure on the membrane bioreactor was $0.0056kgf/cm^2{\cdot}compared$ to $0.0033kgf/cm^2{\cdot}d$ on the membrane bioreactor with alum addition. There was a slightly reduction effect on membrane fouling by alum addition.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.563-570
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• 2004

Phased isolation intrachannel clarifier ditch process developed in this study is an enhanced biological nutrient removal process employing two ditches with intrachannel clarifiers. Bench-scale phased isolation ditch process was used to evaluate the system performance on municipal wastewater and detailed assessment of internal behavior in a ditch and each reactions. When the system was operated at the HRTs of 6~12hours, SRTs of 9~31 days, and cycle times of 4hours, the system showed removals of BOD, TN, and TP as high as 88~97%, 73~78%, and 65~90%, respectively. The internal behavior were well matched on each reactions such as nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus release and uptake. As the SRT became longer, TN removal increased gradually, whereas TP removal decreased contrarily. However, the system was capable of producing an effluent TP concentration 1mg/L or less even at longer SRTs except the case of solids discharge by malfunction of intra-clarifier occurred by its geometrical limit. The system performance slightly decreased by hydraulic shock loading(increasing of influent flowrate and decreasing of system HRT). However, the higher system performance could be achieved again after four cycles. Thus, the system reliability could be successfully achieved short-term hydraulic shock loading that occurred in medium- and small-sized wastewater treatment plants suffering fluctuation of influent quality and flowrate during wet season.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.543-550
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• 2015

In this study, using soil brick with combined effective microorganisms and emergent plants was identified which it can increase the effect of conservation and improvement of water. Lab-test was consist of four kind of reactors and each of reactors were A(rawwater), B(soil brick), C(emergent plant) and D(soil brick+emergent plant). Iris pseudoacorus, Phargmites australis, Typha angustifolia and Zizania latifolia were used for emergent plant. Evaluation of application on various environment were performed on agricultural waterway and pond. The pH measurement test of soil brick was performed due to evaluate whether a strong alkaline water flows out of the soil brick. Result of lab-test, removal efficiency of D was better than removal efficiency of A presenting 20.9%, 27.9% 21.5%, 33.8% and 58.4% for $COD_{Cr}$, $BOD_5$, TN, TP and TSS respectively. Removal efficiency of soil brick on agricultural waterway was revealed to be 49.5%, 45.0%, 43.7%, 37.3% and 28.6% for $COD_{Cr}$, $BOD_5$, TN, TP and TSS respectively. And removal efficiency of soil brick on the pond was revealed to be 12.7%, 10.5%, 9.32%, 10.4% and 36.3% for $COD_{Cr}$, $BOD_5$, TN, TP and TSS respectively. Result of pH measurement test of soil brick was neutral which was about 6 to 8.

• 청정기술
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2002

본 연구는 국내하수처리장에서 발생되는 하수내 질소와 인을 생물학적 영양소 제거공정을 이용하여 효율적으로 처리할 수 있는 설계 및 운전기술을 정립하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 혐기조 전단에 설치한 내생탈질조(Endogenous nitrate respiration, ENR)는 외부탄소원 없이 내생으로 반송슬러지내 포함된 질산성질소를 연속적으로 탈질시켜 질산성질소를 3mg/L 이하로 줄여 혐기조로 이송시킨다. 공정에 대한 성능 실험은 파이롯에서 수행하였다. 실험결과 운전기간동안 유입수내 TCOD/TP 비는 40에서 60범위를 보였고 TCOD/TKN 비는 5~7을 유지하였다. 유출수는 총질소는 10에서 12mg/L을 유지한 반면 총인은 최저 1mg/L을 가리켰다. 혐기조에서 $SP_{rel}/SCOD_{rm}$는 0.13에서 0.17을 유지하였다. 실험실규모에서는 ENR 반응률을 산정하였는데 0.042에서 $0.057gNO_3-N/gMv.d.$를 보였다. 이들 인자들은 생물학적 영양소제거공정을 설계하는데 유용하게 이용될 수 있고 ENR 반응은 저농도 하수에서 질소, 인 처리시 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.