• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.167-189
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• 2022

SAE 기준 자율주행 레벨 2, 3의 경우 완전 자율주행이 불가능하므로 주행에 있어 제어권 전환 과정이 필수적이며, 제어권 전환 소요시간은 자율주행시스템의 안전성을 결정하는 가장 중요한 요소이다. 이에 따라 제어권 전환 소요시간에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으나, 각 연구는 독립적으로 시행되어 다양한 연구 결과를 통합한 일반적인 결론 도출이 필요한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 개별 연구 결과를 통합해서 통합적인 의견을 제시하는 메타분석 기법을 사용하여 제어권 전환 소요시간에 영향을 주는 요인을 분석하였다. 메타분석 결과, 총 10개의 영향요인이 선정되었으며 대부분이 비운전 업무 유형과 관련되어 있었다. 또한, 향후 제어권 전환 및 비운전 업무 연구 수행 방향성 측면에서 시사점을 제시하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.449-460
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• 2015

Carbonaceous aerosol is generally classified into OC (organic carbon) and EC (elemental carbon) by thermal optical analysis. Both NIOSH (National institute of occupational safety and health) with high temperature (HighT) and IMPROVE-A (Interagency monitoring of protected visual environments) with low temperature (LowT) protocols are widely used. In this study, both protocols were applied for ambient $PM_{2.5}$ samples (Daejeon, Korea) in order to underpin differences in OC and EC measurements. An excellent agreement between NIOSH and IMPROVE-A protocol was observed for TC (total carbon). However, significant differences between OC and EC appeared and the differences were larger for EC than OC. The main differences between two protocols are temperature profile and charring correction method. For the same charring correction method, HighT_OC was 10% higher than LowT_ OC, while HighT_EC was 15% and 33% lower than LowT_EC for TOT (thermal-optical transmittance) and TOR (thermal-optical reflectance), respectively. This difference may be caused by the temperature of OC4 in He step and possibly difference in POC (pryorilized OC) formation. For the same temperature profile, OC by TOT was about 26% higher than that by TOR. In contrast, EC by TOT was about 50% lower than that by TOR. POC was also dependent on both temperature profile and the charring correction method, showing much distinctive differences for the charring correction method (i.e., POC by TOT to POC by TOR ratio is about 2). This difference might be caused by different characteristics between transmittance and reflectance for monitoring POC formation within filters. Results from this study showed that OC and EC depends on applied analysis protocol as shown other studies. Because of the nature of the thermal optical analysis, it may not be possible to have an absolute standard analysis protocol that is applicable for any ambient $PM_{2.5}$. Nevertheless, in order to provide consistent measurement results for scientists and policy makers, future studies should focus on developing a harmonized standard analysis protocol that is suitable for a specific air domain and minimizes variations in OC and EC measurement results. In addition, future elaborate studies are required to find and understand the causes of the differences.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.389-398
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• 2022

비소 및 중금속으로 오염된 토양 내 함량과 농작물로 전이되는 함량 간의 관련성을 도출하기 위한 연구가 지속적으로 수행되고 있으나 두 함량 간의 낮은 상관성으로 인하여 명확한 결과가 도출되지 못하고 있다. 이 연구에서는 토양 내 비소 전함량과 단일용출 가용성 함량뿐만 아니라 토양의 물리·화학적 특성을 함께 고려하여 백미로 전이되는 비소 함량을 예측하는 통계학적 모델을 만들고자 하였다. 토양 특성 중 pH, 단일용출 가용성 함량, 유기물 함량에 따라 순차적으로 토양을 분류하며 회귀분석을 통한 예측 모델을 도출하였다. 80개의 백미 내 비소 함량과 토양 내 비소 전함량 및 Mehlich 가용성 함량 간의 상관계수는 각각 0.533과 0.493으로 낮았다. 그러나 토양을 pH, Mehlich 가용성 함량에 대한 전함량, 유기물 함량으로 순차적으로 분류하여 모델을 도출한 결과, ① pH가 6.5보다 높은 13개의 토양은 0.963, ② pH가 6.5 이하이고 As_Tot/As_Mehlich 비가 높은 15개의 토양은 0.849, ③ pH가 6.5 이하이고 As_Tot/As_Mehlich 비가 낮으며 8.5% 이하의 유기물을 함유한 30개의 토양은 0.935로 예측력이 크게 증가하였다. 이 연구에서 도출된 토양 분류에 따른 백미 전이 함량 예측 모델은 비소 오염 토양에 대해 신뢰성 있는 백미 재배 기준을 설정하는데 의미있는 방법론을 제안할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2006년도 수산관련학회 공동학술대회 발표요지집
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• pp.501-503
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• 2006

• PNF and Movement
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of kinesio taping of thigh muscle on isokinetic muscular function during closed kinetic chain exercise of lower extremity. Methods : Twenty healthy males were participated in this study. The isokinetic muscular function of closed kinetic chain were measured for peak torque, peak torque % body weight, average power, max rep tot work before and after application of kinesio taping on thigh muscles. Results : At $60^{\circ}/s$ peak force and peak force % body weight were significant increased in both extension(p<0.01) and flexion(p<0.001) after applying kinesio taping. At $180^{\circ}/s$ average power was significant increased in both extension and flexion after applying taping(p<0.001). At $240^{\circ}/s$ max rep tot work was significant increased in both extension(p<0.001) and flexion(p<0.05). Conclusion : This study suggests that application of kinesio taping on thigh muscle was more effective to improve isokinetic muscular function in closed kinetic chain exercise of lower extremity.

• 대한한방체열의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to identify the clinical effects of Jujadanggui-hwan in the treatment of dysmenorrhea with cold hypersensitivity. Jujadanggui-hwan mentioned in Dongeuibogam has an effect on leucorrhea and cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet, lower abdomen and lumbus. Jujadanggui-hwan were prescribed to 24 dysmenorrhea patients with cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet or with leucorrhea three times a day for 13 weeks. After the treatment, numerical index for the pain was obviously reduced 'tot' point 2.12. It means that pain index as the patient can't do everyday occurrences reduce to 3 grad enough to do ordinary experience. So this study shows that Jujadanggui-hwan has remarkable effects on dysmenorrhea with cold hypersensitivity.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.343-355
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• 2011

This paper presented the model to predict the chloride diffusion coefficient in tension zone of plain concrete under flexural cyclic load. The fictitious crack based analytical model was used together with the stress degradation law in cracked zone to predict crack growth of plain concrete beams under flexural cyclic load. Then, under cyclic load, the chloride diffusion, in the steady state and one dimensional regime, through the tension zone of the plain concrete beam, in which microcracks were formed by a large number of cycles, was simulated with assumptions of continuously straight crack and uniform-size crack. The numerical analysis in terms of the chloride diffusion coefficient, $D_{tot}$, normalized $D_{tot}$, crack width and crack length was issued as a function of the load cycle, N, and load level, SR. The nonlinear model as regarding with the chloride diffusion coefficient in tension zone and the load level was proposed. According to this model, the chloride diffusion increases with increasing load level. The predictions using model fit well with experimental data when we adopted suitable crack density and tortuosity parameter.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.80-86
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• 1997

지구 주변의 방사선대에 존재하는 고에너지 입자들은 위성계의 전자 재료, 부품, 및 집적 회로 등에 일시적 또는 장기적인 영향을 준다. 따라서 이러한 고에너지 입자들에 의한 우주 방사선 환경에 대한 정보를 아는 것은 매우 중요하다. 총 방사선의 양을 측정하는 장치로서 MOSFET을 개량한 RADFET을 많이 사용하는데, 본 연구에서는 $Co^{60}{\gamma}-ray$를 이용하여 TOT500 RADFET을 보정하였다. 그 결과, 방사선에 대한 RADFET의 특성 곡선 변화가 온도의 변화에 매우 민감한 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 우리별 1호에서의 TDERUF과를 위성의 온도와 비교하였으며, 그 결과 TDE 실험에 나타난 특이한 형상은 지구에 의한 위성의 식 현상에서 비롯된 온도 변화가 주된 원인이었음을 확인하였다.

• 천문학논총
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.457-459
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• 2015

Observations show that the accretion flows in low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs) probably have a two-component structure with an inner hot, optically thin, advection dominated accretion flow (ADAF) and an outer truncated cool, optically thick accretion disk. As shown by Taam et al. (2012), within the framework of the disk evaporation model, the truncation radius as a function of mass accretion rate is strongly affected by including the magnetic field. We define the parameter ${\beta}$ as $p_m=B^2/8{\pi}=(1-{\beta})p_{tot}$, (where $p_{tot}=p_{gas}+p_m$, $p_{gas}$ is gas pressure and $p_m$ is magnetic pressure) to describe the strength of the magnetic field in accretion flows. It is found that an increase of the magnetic field (decreasing the value of ${\beta}$) results in a smaller truncation radius for the accretion disk. We calculate the emergent spectrum of an inner ADAF + an outer truncated accretion disk around a supermassive black hole by considering the effects of the magnetic field on the truncation radius of the accretion disk. By comparing with observations, we found that a weaker magnetic field (corresponding to a bigger value of ${\beta}$) is required to match the observed correlation between $L_{2-10keV}/L_{Edd}$ and the bolometric correction $k_{2-10keV}$, which is consistent with the physics of the accretion flow with a low mass accretion rate around a black hole.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• 제73권9호
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• pp.1370-1376
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• 2018

The electronic structures, magnetic properties and half-metallicity in $Zr_2RuZ$ (Z = Ga, In, Tl, Ge, Sn, and Pb) alloys with $AlCu_2Mn-$ and $CuHg_2Ti$-type structures were investigated using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The calculations showed that $Zr_2RuIn$, $Zr_2RuTl$, $Zr_2RuSn$, and $Zr_2RuPb$ compounds with $CuHg_2Ti$-type structures were half-metallic ferromagnets with half-metallic band gaps of 0.18, 0.24, 0.22, and 0.27 eV, respectively. The half-metallicity originated from d-d and covalent hybridizations between the transition metals Zr and Ru. The total magnetic moments of the $Zr_2RuZ$ (Z = In, Tl, Sn, and Pb) compounds with $CuHg_2Ti$-type structures were integer values of $1{\mu}B$ and $2{\mu}B$, which is in agreement with Slater-Pauling rule ($M_{tot}=Z_{tot}-18$). Among these compounds, $Zr_2RuIn$ and $Zr_2RuTl$ were half-metals over relatively wide regions of the lattice constants, indicating that these two new Heusler alloys are ideal candidates for use in spintronic devices.