• 대한수학회지
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.227-253
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• 2024

This paper studies the existence of weak solutions and the stability of stationary solutions to stochastic 3D globally modified Navier-Stokes equations with unbounded delays in the phase space BCL_-∞(H). We first prove the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions by using the classical technique of Galerkin approximations. Then we study stability properties of stationary solutions by using several approach methods. In the case of proportional delays, some sufficient conditions ensuring the polynomial stability in both mean square and almost sure senses will be provided.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.225-237
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• 2013

Excessive vibrations induced by earthquake excitation and wind load are an obstacle in design and construction of tall and super tall buildings. An innovative vibration control structure system (Mega-Sub Controlled Structure System-MSCSS) was recently proposed to further improve humans comfort and their safeties during natural disasters. Preliminary investigations were performed using a two dimensional equivalent simplified model, composed by 3 mega-stories. In this paper, a more reasonable and realistic scaled model is design to investigate the dynamical characteristics and controlling performances of this structure when subjected to strong earthquake motion. The control parameters of the structure system, such as the modulated sub-structures disposition; the damping coefficient ratio (RC); the stiffness ratio (RD); the mass ratio of the mega-structure and sub-structure (RM) are investigated and their optimal values (matched values) are obtained. The MSCSS is also compared with the so-called Mega-Sub Structure (MSS) regarding their displacement and acceleration responses when subjected to the same load conditions. Through the nonlinear time history analysis, the effectiveness and the feasibility of the proposed mega-sub controlled structure system (MSCSS) is demonstrated in reducing the displacement and acceleration responses and also improving human comfort under earthquake loads.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1829-1832
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• 2013

In the present study, investigations were carried out to screen the anticancer activities of fenugreek seed oil against cancer cell lines (HEp-2, MCF-7, WISH cells), and a normal cell line (Vero cells). Cytotoxicity was assessed with MTT and NRU assays, and cellular morphological alterations were studied using phase contrast light microscopy. All cells were exposed toi 10-1000 ${\mu}g/ml$ of fenugreek seed oil for 24 h. The results show that fenugreek seed oil significantly reduced the cell viability, and altered the cellular morphology in a dose dependent manner. Among the cell lines, HEp-2 cells showed the highest decrease in cell viability, followed by MCF-7, WISH, and Vero cells by MTT and NRU assays. Cell viability at 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$ was recorded as 55% in HEp-2 cells, 67% in MCF-7 cells, 75% in WISH cells, and 86% in Vero cells. The present study provides preliminary screening data for fenugreek seed oil pointing to potent cytotoxicity against cancer cells.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제18권E1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2002

The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reaction of promoter catalysts was investigated in this study. A pure anatase type of TiO$_2$ was used as support. Activation measurement of prepared catalysts was practiced on a fixed reactor packing by the glass bead after filling up catalysts in 1/4 inch stainless tube. The reaction temperature was measured by K-type thermocouple and catalyst was heated by electric furnace. The standard compositions of the simulated flue gas mixture in this study were as follows: NO 1,780ppm, NH$_3$1,780ppm, $O_2$1% and $N_2$ as balance gas. In this study, gas analyzer was used to measure the outgassing gas. Catalyst bed was handled for 1hr at 45$0^{\circ}C$, and the reactivity of the various catalyst was determined in a wide temperature range. Conversion of NH$_3$/NO ratio and of $O_2$ concentration was practiced at 1,1.5 and 2, respectively. The respective space velocity were as follows . 10,000, 15,000 and 17,000 hr-1. It was found that the maximum conversion temperature range was in a 5$0^{\circ}C$. It was also found toi be very sensitive at space velocity, $O_2$ concentration, and NH$_3$/NO ratio. We also noticed that the maximum conversion temperature of (W, Mo, Sn) -V$_2$O$_{5}$/TiO$_2$ catalysts was broad. Specially WO$_3$-V$_2$O$_{5}$TiO$_2$2 catalyst appeared nearly 100% conversion at not only above 30$0^{\circ}C$ ut also below 25$0^{\circ}C$. At over 30$0^{\circ}C$, NH$_3$ oxidation decreased with decrease of surface excess oxygen. In addition, WO$_3$-V$_2$O$_{5}$TiO$_2$ catalyst did not appear to affect space velocity, $O_2$ concentration, and NH$_3$/NO ratio.ratio.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제27권
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• pp.471-496
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• 2012

Since Takeo Toi's discussion in The Anatomy of Dependence (1973), the concept of amae has generated considerable interest in the fields of psychology, anthropology, communication and other fields. However, there have been few agreements on the definition and functions of amae (Behrens, 2004). Furthermore, it has rarely drawn interest from linguists in general and has rarely been discussed in the context of social interaction. This study aims to examine the concept of amae in Japanese and the corresponding phenomena in Korean, and attempts to explore the similarities and differences between them. The prototype of the amae relationship is the mother-infant relationship (Doi,1973). Even an adult can assume the role of a baby, showing his or her need for dependence on others and expecting to be accepted. It turns out that amae-like phenomena frequently occur in everyday life in Korea as well (Lee, 1982). There is no single term for the concept, but it can be translated in many different ways in Korean, for example, aykyo, ayang, ungsek, erikwang, etc. It can have either positive or negative connotations depending on the situation. It seems that the psychological system that causes dependent behaviors such as ungsek in Korea is cheong, one of the key terms characterizing the Korean culture. Cheong, like amae, starts in the mother-infant relationship extending to familial and to other relationships. A corpus-based analysis shows that cheong is conceptualized as gluing people together, growing over time, and also potentially fatal because it assumes illogical, uncalculated, and personal relationships. In conclusion, unlike some Japanese scholars' claim that amae is the Japanese concept that exists only in Japan, it seems that similar phenomena do exist in Korea as well, but that Korean has no single term corresponding to amae in Japanese. It seems that cheong can be posited in Korean as the inner emotional system that makes amae-like behaviors possible, and that there is not single term, but many, designating the behaviors, possibly because the behaviors have a negative connotation and are not encouraged in Korean society.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.580-586
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• 2023

능동위상배열레이다(AESA radar; active electronically scanned array radar)는 전자적으로 빔을 조향함으로써 빔조향 시간이 비약적으로 빨라져 기존의 기계식 빔조향 레이다에 비해 높은 추적 정확도를 갖는 다표적 처리 능력이 크게 증대되었다. 본 논문은 AESA 레이다의 다표적 상황에서 추적 표적을 효율적으로 관리하는 방안에 관한 것으로, 표적의 우선순위에 따라 표적을 전시(display)표적과 비전시 표적으로 나누고, 전시 표적은 보장하는 추적 정확도의 수준에 따라 최고우선순위, 고우선순위, 상황인식 표적으로 나눈다. 또한 표적의 우선순위를 판단할 수 있는 규칙을 제안하고, 동시운용모드를 포함한 공대공 모드 임무간 추적 표적 관리에 대해 제안하였다. 제안된 방식은 항공기 탑재 AESA 레이다에 적용하여 SIL (system integration lab) 환경에서 검증하였다.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제28호
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• pp.267-296
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• 2010

인간에게는 다양한 이해(利害)관계가 존재하고 다양한 사유가 존재한다. 이러한 다양성으로 인하여 세상에는 매우 복잡한 갈등관계가 형성된다. 계층·지역·학제·문화 등에서 단순 내지 복합적으로 형성되는 갈등관계는 그것이 해결가능성이 없다고 하면, 인간의 보편적 가치나 그 가치의 실현은 불가능하다. 이러한 논리를 종합적으로 나타내는 명제가 정이(程頤, 1033-1107)의 리일분수(理一分殊)와 율곡(栗谷, 1536-1584)의 리통기국(理通氣局)이다. 성리학의 리기론에서 리는 순선(純善)인데 어떻게 이 순선을 구체적으로 실현할 수 있느냐가 문제이다. 리 스스로 자신의 순선을 드러낸다는 주장이 있고, 기를 통하여 드러낼 수 밖에 없다는 입장이 있다. 퇴계(退溪, 1501-1570)나 우담(愚潭, 1625-1707)은 리 스스로가 자신을 드러내지는 못할지라도 적어도 자신을 드러내는 주동성은 리에 있다고 보며, 율곡은 어디까지나 기를 통하여 드러나며, 리는 기를 통하여 드러나도록 하는 주재성을 가지고 있다고 본다. 그러나 녹문(鹿門, 1711-1788)은 순선은 리와 기의 합일로서 실현된다고 보며, 이때 주동성이 리에 있는가 기에 있는가는 문제가 아니라, 공동주재로 리는 자연으로 기는 생의(生意)로 드러난다고 주장한다. 율곡이 선의 보편성과 그 실현근거에 대한 이론적 토대를 정립하였다면, 우담은 선의 실천과 실현에 좀 더 적극적 의미를 부여하기 위하여 리의 주재성과 주동성을 강조하였다. 이와 반면에 녹문은 리기불상리의 전제하에서 리의 선(善)을 구체적으로 실현하는 기의 담일성과 능동성 즉 생의(生意)를 강조, 리의 자연성으로 설명하였다. 그러나 인간이 선을 실천하지 않으면 안 되는 당위성을 어떻게 구체적으로 설명할 것인가? 이것이 문제다. 이것은 성리학 뿐만 아니라, 철학의 본래 문제이기도 하다.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제55호
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• pp.35-58
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• 2014

이 논문은 회재(晦齋) 이언적(李彦迪, 1491~1553)의 "중용구경연의"를 고찰한 것이다. 주지하다시피 회재는 16세기를 대표하는 사상가 가운데 한 사람으로, 일찍이 조한보(曺漢輔, ?~?) 사이에 벌어졌던 태극논쟁(太極論爭)은 주자성리학(朱子性理學)을 조선에 정착시키는데 큰 역할을 하였으며, 아울러 지치주의(至治主義)의 이론적 체계를 확립한 학자이기도하다. "대학"과 "중용"에 담긴 지치주의 이념을 군주(君主)에게 진헌하고자 저술된 책이 바로 회재의 "대학장구보유"와 "중용구경연의"이다. 회재는 수기(修己)의 도(道)에 속하는 조목에 있어서 "대학"이 "중용"보다 더 체계적이고 자세한 반면에 치인(治人)의 도(道)에 해당하는 조목은 "중용"이 "대학" 보다 더 구체적이라고 하여 '표리(表裏)의 관계'로 파악하고, 이 둘을 함께 보아야만 제왕위치(帝王爲治)의 규모가 갖추어 진다고 하였다. 특히 "중용구경연의"는 송나라 진덕수(眞德秀)의 "대학연의(大學衍義)"와 명나라 구준(丘濬)의 "대학연의보(大學衍義補)"를 모방하여 당시의 군주였던 명종(明宗)으로 하여금 이제 삼왕(二帝三王)의 지치(至治)를 실현시킬 목적으로 저술된 책으로, 이는 퇴계의 "성학십도"와 율곡의 "성학집요"에 많은 영향을 끼쳤다.

• 인지과학
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.137-154
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• 2020

학습 상황에서 개인의 내적 특성은 다양한 방식으로 학습행동에 영향을 준다. 특히 '동기'는 학습자의 목표 설정하 및 전략 선택에 영향을 주는 핵심적인 요소이다. 본 연구는 학습자의 목표지향이 학습 시간 분배 방식에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 확인하였다. 참가자들의 목표지향 상태를 달리하기 위하여 관련 변인인 조절초점(regulatory focus)과 지능관점(theories of intelligence)을 측정 및 조작하여 집단을 구분하였다. 두 변인은 각각 접근-회피전략(조절초점에 따른 동기 성향)과 숙달-수행지향적 태도(지능관점에 따른 동기)를 유발하며 학습자의 목표지향(goal orientation) 형성에 영향을 주는 핵심적인 변인으로 알려져 왔다. 실험에서 조절초점은 성향검사점수를 기준으로 두 집단으로 구분하였으며, 조작을 통해 지능관점의 차이를 일시적으로 유발하여 두 변인 간의 상호작용을 확인하였다. 참가자들은 일련의 스페인어-한국어 단어 쌍을 학습한 후 재학습하고 싶은 항목을 선택하여 자유롭게 학습순서를 결정할 수 있었다. 단어 쌍은 어렵거나 쉬운 항목들로 구성되어 있었으며, 학습자들은 원한다면 같은 단어를 여러 번 학습할 수 있었다. 결과에서, 조절초점과 지능관점에 따라 학습 초반에 어려운 단어를 선택하는 비율의 상호작용 효과가 나타났다. 즉, 향상초점-증진조건의 참가자들은 향상초점-불변조건의 참가자들에 비해 학습 초반에 어려운 단어를 배치하는 비율이 높았으며, 예방초점인 학습자들은 지능관점의 영향을 받지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 학습자의 목표지향에 따라 학습 전략을 세우는 방식이 다를 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.50-67
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• 1998

When recognition of the Ghi(氣) which exist in all things, is changed on the aspects of the science of nursing, the view of health and nursing will be more efficient and can be developed as the proper concept for Korean culture. I think it is nessary to confirm which philosophical basis of the will be applicable to nursing and how to it has to be developed. Therefore I can for the research of the Ghi phenomena to attain the Thoughts of philosophy that is appropriate to expound those phenomena. And I attempt to induct "the fusion of horizons" to unify the view of the I world between Korea and the West. The Ghi is very energetic and omnipresent among the universe, Nature, and the human being. So it can organize all the primary elements of mental and I physical function of human as like life, mind, breath, feeling, energy, etc. A general concept of the Ghi is described as follows ; (1) The Ghi is the origin and essence to organize the universe, Nature, and the human being. (2) It is the perpetually movable thing. (3) And there are continuous transmission between the Ghi of the universe and the human through 'body, mind, and soul. For review on the philosophic basis of the Ghi, I studied out the identity of the doctrine of Li and Ch'i(理氣論) in the field of philosophy of Korea and the West. In Korea, the concept of the Vigor is based on Ch'i monolism(기일원론) and Li Ch'i dualism (이기이원론) of Yul-gok Lee's, Toi-kye Lee's, Hwa-dam's, and/or Hekang's. These are indispensable for the view of the world of Korea as Metaphysical ideology, Concrete science, Materialism, Ontology, and Epistemology. From the viewpoint of the philosophy of the West, the doctrine of Li and Ch'i(이기론) of Korea is identical with the doctrine of Li and Ch'i(이기론) of Joo-ja, Idea of Plato, Metaphysics of Aristotle, World Spirit(Weltgeist) of Hegel, and Existentialism of Heidegger. In the nursing theory of the West, some of them referred to the Ghi as like Energy field theory of Rogers and Energy exchange of Neuman. Though there are different in terminology, "energy" and the "Ghi" are induced comparable therapeutic action between the human and the environments. With the nursing theory of Korea, I have made an attempt to compare the Ghi with metaparadigm of nursing-the human being, the environment, the health, and the nursing. For the most part, the alternative therapy is resonable to the frame of the nursing theory of Korea. It is easy to apply alternative therapy on the every spot of nursing. So this therapy could be a kind of forms as nursing therapy in the nursing centers where take the duties of supporting in local societies. In result, independent nursing intervention will be activated by the nurse who puts up with the major parts. It is available to apply this therapy to palliation of pain, insomnia of infant, Sanhujori (산후조리), pain of menstruation, arthritis. And the alternative therapy makes it possible to propose the nursing model which represent originality, tradition, and history of the nursing of Korea. Additionally, in the field of the nursing, it is indispensable to choose a suitable methodology which is considered whether it is matched with a theory of philosophy in the boundary and object of the research. Because there are many way to get the knowledge of nursing related to the Ghi. In the science of nursing, context of sociocultural background and frame are required to understand the person who need to take care of (nursing client). But the value systems of the West and the East are distinctive each other as well as the behavior of health persuance. Therefore it is the basic research data of great worth to review philosophical the Ghi phenomena which is well known to Korean.