• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제52권11호
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• pp.814-825
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• 2022

Background and Objectives: Real-world trends in the utility and type of gatekeeping studies in invasive coronary angiography (ICA) requires further investigation. Methods: We identified outpatients who underwent noninvasive cardiac tests or directly ICA for suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) from the nationwide Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Patient Sample database between 2012 and 2018. Results: Among 71,401 patients, the percentage of patients who were evaluated for suspected CAD was 34.7% for treadmill test (TMT), 4.2% for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), 24.2% for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), 1.6% for multiple gatekeepers, and 32.3% for directly ICA without noninvasive studies. The proportion of CCTA as a gatekeeper showed linear increase, (18.6% in 2012 and 28.8% in 2018; p<0.001), while those of TMT, SPECT, and direct ICA have decreased (p<0.001, p=0.03, and p<0.001, respectively). The overall incidence of downstream ICA after gatekeeper was 13.8% (6,662/48,346), and SPECT showed higher ICA rate in pairwise comparison with TMT and CCTA (p<0.001). Patients who performed gatekeepers before ICA showed higher rate of subsequent PCI (34.7% vs. 32.3%; p<0.001) and CABG (3.5% vs. 1.0%; p<0.001), compared to those who directly underwent ICA, and CCTA was associated with higher revascularization rate after ICA in pairwise comparison with TMT and SPECT (p<0.001). Conclusions: Nationwide database demonstrated that CCTA is utilized increasingly as a gatekeeper for ICA and is associated with high revascularization rate after ICA in outpatients with suspected CAD.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국약용작물학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.296-298
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• 2007

• 천문학논총
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.617-620
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• 2015

This paper presents an overview of the large international projects in which the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan is involved, namely, the Subaru Telescope, Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, and the Thirty Meter Telescope. The last section provides a brief historical view of the international collaboration in East Asia regions over the last 20 years.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.2028-2036
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• 2017

The Escherichia coli K-12 and B strains are among the most frequently used bacterial hosts for scientific research and biotechnological applications. However, omics analyses have revealed that E. coli K-12 and B exhibit notably different genotypic and phenotypic attributes, even though they were derived from the same ancestor. In a previous study, we identified a limited number of proteins from the two strains using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). In this study, an in-depth analysis of the physiological behavior of the E. coli K-12 and B strains at the proteomic level was performed using six-plex isobaric tandem mass tag-based quantitative MS. Additionally, the best lysis buffer for increasing the efficiency of protein extraction was selected from three tested buffers prior to the quantitative proteomic analysis. This study identifies the largest number of proteins in the two E. coli strains reported to date and is the first to show the dynamics of these proteins. Notable differences in proteins associated with key cellular properties, including some metabolic pathways, the biosynthesis and degradation of amino acids, membrane integrity, cellular tolerance, and motility, were found between the two representative strains. Compared with previous studies, these proteomic results provide a more holistic view of the overall state of E. coli cells based on a single proteomic study and reveal significant insights into why the two strains show distinct phenotypes. Additionally, the resulting data provide in-depth information that will help fine-tune processes in the future.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1994년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1268-1270
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• 1994

Fine lithographic technology in a submicron design regime is necessary for the fabrication of VLSI circuits. In such lithography, fine pattern delineation is performed by electron beam, ion beam and X-ray lithography instead of photolithography. Therefore, the new resist materials and development method have been required. So, we are investigating another positive E-beam resists which have high sensitivity and dry etching resistance, Plasma co-polymerized resist was prepared using an interelectrode gas-flow-type reacter. Methymethacrylate, tetramethyltin and styrene were chosen as the monomer to be used. The delineated pattern in the resist was developed with gas-flow-type reactor using an argon and 02 as etching gas. We studied about the effects of discharge power and mixing rate of the co-polymerized thin :film. The molecular structure of thin film was investigated by ESCA and IR, and then was discussed in relation to its quality as a resist.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.20-29
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• 1997

Pure copper is widely used for base material for electrical and electronic parts because of its good electrical conductivity. However, it has such a low strength that various alloying elements are added to copper to increase its strength. Nevertheless, alloying elements which exist as solid solution elements in copper matrix severely reduce the electrical conductivity. The reduction of electrical conductivity can be minimized and the strengthening can be maximized by TMT(Thermo-Mechanical Treatment) in copper alloys. In this research, the effects of TMT on mechanical and electrical properties of Cu-Ni-Al-Si-P, Cu-Ni-Al-Si-P-Zr and Cu-Ni-Si-P-Ti alloys aged at various temperatures were investigated. The Cu alloy with Ti showed the hardness of Hv 225, electrical conductivity of 59.8%IACS, tensile strength of 572MPa and elongation of 6.4%.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in EEG through attention. Concentration training and performing tasks are important factors in the improvement of motor learning ability. Methods: In the experiment, 22 healthy people were divided into two groups: the trail making test (TMT) group and the computerized neurocognitive function test (CNT) group. A one-way Neuro Harmony M test to see whether there was a significant difference among the groups. Results: The TMT group showed a significant increase in ${\alpha}$ wave, ${\alpha}$ wave sequence, and ${\beta}$ wave sequence; however, there were no significant differences in SMR wave, SMR wave sequence, and ${\beta}$ wave. The CNT group showed increases in ${\alpha}$ wave, ${\alpha}$ wave sequence, SMR wave, SMR wave sequence, and ${\beta}$ wave sequence; however, there was no significant difference in ${\beta}$ wave. In EEGs before and after two performance tasks were changed, there were significant differences in ${\beta}$ wave, SMR wave, SMR wave sequence; however, there were no significant differences in ${\alpha}$ wave sequence, ${\beta}$ wave, and ${\beta}$ wave sequence. Conclusion: Attention training and concentration training offer feedback and repetition for constant stimulus and response. Moreover, attention training and concentration training can contribute to new studies and motivation by developing fast sensory and motor skills through acceptable visual and auditory stimulation.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.380-387
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• 2015

국내에서는 최초로 황해쑥의 변종인 섬애(Seomae)쑥이란 품종명으로 산림청 품종보호등록(산림청 품종보호 제 42호, 2013.09.27.)된 고부가가치 식품 자원의 산업 활용도를 높이기 위하여 섬애쑥(Artemisia argyi H.) 60% 에탄올 추출물의 TMT 유도성 인지 결함에 대한 학습 및 기억 능력 개선 효과를 연구하였다. 뇌 신경세포 사멸을 유도하여 뇌 기능의 억제를 유발하는 TMT에 의한 인지기능 장애에 있어서 in vivo 학습 및 기억 능력을 평가하기 위해 Y-maze 및 passive avoidance test를 실시한 결과 TMT에 의해 유도된 인지기능 장애는 섬애쑥 에탄올 추출물에 의해 일정 수준에서 회복 되는 것으로 나타났다. 이들 in vivo 실험 결과의 원인 규명을 위해 동물실험이 종료된 후 mouse의 뇌 조직을 적출하여 AChE 활성 및 뇌 신경세포의 과산화 정도로써 MDA 함량을 측정한 결과, 섬애쑥 60% 에탄올 추출물을 섭취한 mouse의 경우 AChE 활성을 억제할 수 있으며 MDA 함량 역시 저해 시키는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 퇴행성 뇌신경 질환에서 중요한 발병 원인으로 알려진 산화적 스트레스에 대한 검증을 위해 섬애쑥 60% 에탄올 추출물을 이용하여 과산화수소에 의해 유발되는 in vitro 산화적 스트레스에 대한 PC12 세포에 대한 신경세포 보호효과를 확인한 결과, 60% 에탄올 추출물을 처리한 그룹은 비교적 농도 의존적으로 $H_2O_2$로 유도된 산화적 스트레스에 대한 신경세포 보호효과가 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 섬애쑥 에탄올 추출물에 존재하는 페놀 화합물을 HPLC로 분석한 결과 항산화 활성이 있는 eupatilin과 jaceosidin이 함유된 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구 결과를 종합해 볼 때, TMT에 의해 유도된 학습 및 기억능력 감소 효과에 대한 섬애쑥 60% 에탄올 추출물의 개선 효과는 eupatilin과 jaceosidin 등의 페놀 화합물에서 기인되는 항산화 효과들과 이로 인한 뇌 신경세포 보호효과 그리고 일정 수준에서의 AChE 억제 효과 등에 의한 것으로 판단된다.

• ALGAE
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2016

Marine organisms are frequently used to be harmful and have lower side effects than synthetic drugs. The cognitive improving efficacy of gamma aminobutyric acid-enriched fermented Saccharina japonica (FSJ) on the memory deficient rats, which were induced by trimethyltin chloride (TMT), was investigated by assessing the Morris water maze test and by performing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunohistochemistry. The neurite outgrowth of Neuro2a cells was assessed in order to examine the underlying mechanisms of the memory enhancing effects of FSJ. Treatment with FSJ tended to shorten the latency to find the platform in the acquisition test of the Morris water maze at the second and fourth day compared to the control group. In the probe trial, the FSJ treated group increased time spent in the target quadrant, compared to that of the control group. Consistent with the behavioral data, these treatments recovered the loss of ChAT, CREB, and BDNF immunepositive neurons in the hippocampus produced by TMT. Treatment with FSJ markedly stimulated neurite outgrowth of the Neuro2a cells as compared to that of the controls. These findings demonstrate that FSJ may be useful for improving the cognitive function via regulation of neurotrophic marker enzyme activity.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.23-41
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• 2021

목적 : 본 연구는 노인을 대상으로 한 동시적 이중과제 훈련을 적용하였을 때 실행기능의 효과를 알아본 연구를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법 : PubMed, EMBASE, CoChrane, Web of Science, RISS를 이용하여 지난 10년간 출판된 논문을 검색하였고, 선정 및 배제 기준을 통해 최종 7편의 논문을 선정하였다. 선정 논문에 대한 PEDro 질적평가와 메타분석을 시행하였다. 결과 : 선정된 7편의 논문은 모두 무작위 대조군 설계로, PEDro Scale 7점 이상의 높은 편에 속하였다. 이중과제 훈련의 실행기능 효과를 보기 위한 평가도구로 4편의 문헌에서 선로잇기검사(Trail Making Test)를 사용하였고, 2편에서 색선로잇기검사(Color Trail Test)를 사용하였으며, 3편에서 스트룹검사(Stroop test)를 사용하였다. 메타분석을 실시한 결과 전체적인 실행기능의 향상은 0.38로 작은효과크기를 보였으며, 선로잇기검사와 색선로잇기검사는 0.37, 스트룹검사는 0.34로 작은효과크기를 보였다. 전체적인 실행기능 효과와 선로잇기검사, 색선로잇기검사의 효과크기만 통계학적으로 유의하였다(p<0.05). 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 이중과제 훈련이 노인의 실행기능 향상에 효과적임을 확인하였지만, 이중과제 훈련의 효과를 높이기 위해서는 훈련의 난이도 설정이 중요하며, 실행기능을 평가하는 다양한 평가도구와 실제 이중과제 조건에서의 수행도를 평가하는 평가도 동시에 이루어져야 함을 알 수 있었다. 이는 향후, 노인들의 실행기능 향상 훈련을 하는데 적절한 중재방법으로 사용될 수 있으며, 치매 발현을 늦추는데 도움이 될 것이라 사료된다.