• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.48 no.7
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• pp.522-530
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• 2010

Temporomandibular disorders(TMD) have been defined as a collective term embracing a number of clinical problems that involve the temporomandibular joint, the masticatory muscles, and associated structures. Since Dr. James Costen has mentioned about the relationship between TMD and posterior bite collapse, there have been many controversies about the etiology and comorbidities of TMD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between TMD and hearing acuity in 158 volunteers with or without TMD symptoms. The subjects were examined clinically about TMJ sound, missing teeth, tinnitus, TMJ pain and masticatory muscle pain and the hearing acuity were measured by Audiometer(ITO AE-1000, Japan). The result of this study indicated that there was no significant differences between TMD symptoms and hearing acuity relatively.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.187-195
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• 2007

Temporomandibular disorders have been defined as a collective term embracing a number of clinical problems that involve the temporomandibular joint, the masticatory muscles, and associated structures. Since Dr. James Costen has mentioned about the relationship between TMD and posterior bite collapse, there have been many controversies about the etiology and comorbidities of TMD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between TMD and hearing acuity in 158 volunteers with or without TMD symptoms. The subjects were examined clinically about TMJ sound, missing teeth, tinnitus, TMJ pain and masticatory muscle pain and the hearing acuity were measured by Audiometer(ITO AE-1000, Japan). The result of this study indicated that there was no significant differences between TMD symptoms and hearing acuity relatively.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.241-247
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• 2019

Etiology of temporomandibular disorders is multifactorial origin and complex. therefore, reversible and conservative treatment is recommended in the initial approach of TMD. oral appliances are widely used to manage TMDs, while their mechanisms of action and its effects remain controversial and unclear. The purpose of this paper was to review information regarding the types, designs, and materials of occlusal appliances and the rationale for the continued use of OS for the management of TMDs.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.319-328
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• 2009

Temporomandibular disorders(TMD) have been defined as a collective term embracing a number of clinical problems that involve the temporomandibular joint, the masticatory muscles, and associated structures. Since Dr. Costen, an otolaryngologist, published his article in 1934 claiming that pain in and around the jaw and "related ear symptoms" improved with alteration of the bite, diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorders(TMD) have been within the concept of occlusion. However most of the modern descriptions for TMD no longer include occlusal disorders within their domain. Despite this trend toward the exclusion of occlusal disorders from TMD domain, the historical linkages between TMD and occlusal therapy are still strong. Currently the most popular theories regarding TMD etiology are based on the biopsychosocial model. In the future, treatment modalities should be directed at the pathophysiological processes of joint and muscle pain as well as the psychosocial aspects of chronic pain.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.673-680
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• 2009

Conversion of the normal soluble form of prion protein, PrP ($PrP^C$), to proteinase K-resistant form ($PrP^{Sc}$) is a common molecular etiology of prion diseases. Proteinase K-resistance is attributed to a drastic conformational change from ${\alpha}$-helix to ${\beta}$-sheet and subsequent fibril formation. Compelling evidence suggests that membranes play a role in the conformational conversion of PrP. However, biophysical mechanisms underlying the conformational changes of PrP and membrane binding are still elusive. Recently, we demonstrated that the putative transmembrane domain (TMD; residues 111-135) of Syrian hamster PrP penetrates into the membrane upon the reduction of the conserved disulfide bond of PrP. To understand the mechanism underlying the membrane insertion of the TMD, here we explored changes in conformation and membrane binding abilities of PrP using wild type and cysteine-free mutant. We show that the reduction of the disulfide bond of PrP removes motional restriction of the TMD, which might, in turn, expose the TMD into solvent. The released TMD then penetrates into the membrane. We suggest that the disulfide bond regulates the membrane binding mode of PrP by controlling the motional freedom of the TMD.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.169-179
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• 2016

Purpose: This study is designed to analyse etiology and bone pattern at the first visit using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to evaluate the treatment outcome of conservative treatment in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: One hundred condyles in 50 subjects with RA were chosen among the patients who presented to the Department of Oral Medicine of Pusan National University Dental Hospital, diagnosed as TMD. Condylar bone changes were classified by normal, erosive bony change, proliferative bony change and combined group (erosive bony change+proliferative bony change). They were treated conservatively with physical therapy, medication, behavioral therapy and/or occlusal stabilizing splint therapy. After 3 months on average, patients were re-evaluated with regards to subjective symptoms and the clinical findings were investigated. Results: TMD patients with RA have behavioral contributing factors such as parafunctional habit. The results that analyse bone pattern at the first visit using CBCT proliferative bony changes group (32.6%) were more common than erosive bony changes group (15.2%). In comparison between unilateral and bilateral bony change in temporomandibular joint, the ratio showed no significant differences. After 3 months of conservative treatments, pain, noise, limitation of motion (LOM) were markedly improved regardless of occlusal splint therapy. However only LOM was significantly improved through occlusal splint therapy during 3 months. Conclusions: TMD patients with RA had similar behavioral contributing factors and characteristics of CBCT images shown in general TMD patients and also similar response to conservative treatment so it is difficult to differentiate. Therefore when TMD patients show symptoms corresponding to clinical diagnostic criteria of RA at the first visit, serological testing should be conducted and through this, early diagnosis and treatment of RA should be initiated.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.259-272
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• 1994

The authors reviewed the etiology and essential treatment of temporomandibular disorders. The principal etiology was thought to the the myospasm of masticatory musculatures by stress (major cause) and dental irritation. Therefore, we attempted to control the myospasm by stress management, isometric exercise and regular daily physical exercises (walking, Jogging, bycycling, rope skipping, swimming & gymnastic exercise). The result was more favorable (95% success rate) without recurrence in 123 patients, who was referred to our department of dentistry(Oral & Maxillofacial surgery), Wonju Christian Hospital.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.265-273
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• 2010

Understanding patients' expectation for health visits and providing appropriate care may increase patients' satisfaction with health care, leading to more positive treatment outcome. The study aimed to investigate expectations of the patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) at their first visit to university-based orofacial pain clinic and to evaluate any relation with duration of pain, presence of previous treatment, pain severity and pain interference. Inclusion criterion was patients aged over and 18 years old and diagnosed as TMD during 3 months' period from Aug to Nov 2010. They were asked to complete the questionnaires for patients' expectation and the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) at waiting room prior to consultation. 322 TMD patients participated in the study(M:F=1:1.5, mean age=36 years old). The study indicated that the most important top 3 expectations were 'cure of pain', 'understanding their problem' and 'doctor-patient communication' in order. This finding was not affected by gender, duration and previous treatment history but affected by sub-category of TMD and BPI pain severity and pain interference. 'Pain relief' and 'understanding their problems' were relatively highlighted in the patients with muscle disorders and combination (joint-muscle) disorders of TMD than those with joint disorders who wanted communication and further investigation relatively more (p=0.000). While expectation for pain relief was expected more with increase of pain severity and interference, patients with mild level of pain severity and interference expected communication and further investigation relatively more (p=0.000, 0.017, respectively). Based on the results of the study, though pain relief was the primary concern for TMD patients suffering from pain, their satisfaction with care may be increased by explanation for etiology and mechanism of TMD to make them understand their problems better and doctor-patient communication and collaborative decision-making for treatment. Importance of patient-centered consultations and availability of written material or web sites for patient information should be stressed out.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.544-558
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• 2006

Trismus is a common problem to most people experiencing at once in his or her life and to most dental practitioners experiencing frequently. It has a number of potential causes which are single factor or complex factors. Its treatment will depend on the cause. The purpose of this study was to discuss the causes of trismus condition and the various treatments available. This study was made by reviewing of collected data from 86 patients complained of trismus among patients who were diagnosed by TMD, tumor, infection including tetanus, soft tissue anomalies, bony fracture and ankylosis from Jan 2002 to Dec 2004 on department of oral and maxillofacial surgery at Pusan National University Hospital, South Korea. The clinical reviews regarding chief complaints, clinical characteristics, diagnostic examination, treatments and the results on the patients were given as follows. 1. The etiology of trismus commonly were derived from temporomandibular joint(TMJ) disorder, TMJ ankylosis, TMJ tumor, odontogenic maxillofacial infection, mandibular condylar fracture, tetanus. 2. The chief complaints of trismus patients were progressive mouth opening limitation, TMJ pain, malocclusion, facial asymmetry, retrognathic state. 3. Especially, for the differential diagnosis between the fibrous ankylosis and true bony ankylosis, computed tomogram (CT) was useful. Surgical gap arthroplasty on bony ankylosis patients was applied and the gain of mouth opening after operation was average 35.8 mm during 19 months. 4. The tetanus, rarely, also induced the trismus with the range of mouth opening less than 10 mm. The average serum level of tetanus anti-toxin was 0.02-0.04 IU/mL. The limitation of mouth opening was improved into average 38 mm on 4 weeks after injection of 10,000 units of tetanus immune globulin. 5. In the treatment of osteochondroma, TMD, odontogenic infection and fracture, and the others inducing trismus, to obtian the maximum result and decreased inadequate time and effort, it is important to finding the causes from the exact clinical examination and diagnosis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.150-162
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• 2023

Meniere's disease is characterized by episodic vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus and ear fullness. The main pathological finding is endolymphatic hydrops, but the etiology of disease and effective treatment methods are still disputed. Recently, Cervical spine disorders(CSD) and Temporomandibular disorders(TMD) have been attracting attention as one of the causes of Meniere's disease. A 65-year-old female Meniere patient with musculoskeletal problems in the cervical and mandible area was treated by Korean medical therapies including pharmacoacupuncture treatment. After 5 weeks of treatment, there was no meaningful change in hearing level evaluated with pure tone audiometry, but the subjective symptoms of Meniere improved significantly. Numerical rating scale (NRS) decreased from 10 to 0 for hearing loss, 10 to 3 for tinnitus and 8 to 3 for ear fullness. Also NRS of cervicalgia was reduced from 5 to 0 after treatment. The result suggests that the Korean medical therapy including pharmacoapuncture targeting CSD and TMD could be safe and effective method for patients with Meniere's disease.