• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1369-1373
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• 2014

Objectives: To study application of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) with $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT for predicting prognosis of esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESC) patients. Methods: Eighty-six patients with ESC staged from I to IV were prospectively enrolled. Cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) or palliative chemoradiotherapy were the main treatment methods and none received surgery. $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT scans were performed before the treatment. SUVmax, MTV, and TLG were measured for the primary esophageal lesion and regional lymph nodes. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) were generated to calculate the P value of the predictive ability and the optimal threshold. Results: MTV and TLG proved to be good indexes in the prediction of outcome for the ESC patients. An MTV value of 15.6 ml and a TLG value of 183.5 were optimal threshold to predict the overall survival (OS). The areas under the curve (AUC) for MTV and TLG were 0.74 and 0.70, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed an MTV less than 15.6 ml and a TLG less than 183.5 to indicate good media survival time (p value <0.05). In the stage III-IV patient group, MTV could better predict the OS (P < 0.001), with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.80 and 0.67, respectively. Conclusions: Pre-treatment MTV and TLG are useful prognostic factors in nonsurgical ESC.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.152-160
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• 2018

Purpose: Totally laparoscopic gastrectomy (TLG) for advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is a technically and oncologically challenging procedure for surgeons. This study aimed to compare the oncologic feasibility and technical safety of TLG for AGC versus early gastric cancer (EGC). Materials and Methods: Between 2011 and 2016, 535 patients (EGC, 375; AGC, 160) underwent curative TLG for gastric cancer. Clinicopathologic characteristics and surgical outcomes of both patient groups were analyzed and compared. Results: Patients with AGC required a longer operation time and experienced more intraoperative blood loss than those with EGC did. However, patients from both the AGC and EGC groups demonstrated similar short-term surgical outcomes such as postoperative morbidity (14.4% vs. 13.3%, P=0.626), mortality (0% vs. 0.5%, P=0.879), time-to-first oral intake (2.7 days for both groups, P=0.830), and postoperative hospital stay (10.2 days vs. 10.1 days, P=0.886). D2 lymph node dissection could be achieved in the AGC group (95%), with an adequate number of lymph nodes being dissected ($36.0{\pm}14.9$). In the AGC group, the 3-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 80.5% and 73.7%, respectively. Conclusions: TLG is as safe and effective for AGC as it is for EGC.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic value of $^{18}F$-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (FDG PET) with computed tomography (CT) before and during radiotherapy (RT) in patients with head and neck cancer. Methods: Twenty patients with primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled in this study, of whom 6 had oropharyngeal cancer, 10 had hypopharyngeal cancer, and 4 had laryngeal cancer. Fifteen patients received concurrent cisplatin and 2 received concurrent cetuximab chemotherapy. FDG PET/CT was performed before RT and in the 4th week of RT. The parameters of maximum standardized uptake value, metabolic tumor volume, and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the primary tumor were measured, and the prognostic significance of each was analyzed with the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Higher TLG (>19.0) on FDG PET/CT during RT was a poor prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) (p = 0.001) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.007). In the multivariate analysis, TLG during RT as a continuous variable was significantly associated with OS and PFS rate (p = 0.023 and p = 0.016, respectively). Tumor response worse than partial remission at 1 month after RT was another independent prognostic factor for PFS (p = 0.024). Conclusions: Higher TLG of the primary tumor on FDG PET/CT during RT was a poor prognostic factor for OS and PFS in patients with head and neck cancer.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2016

Purpose: To investigate the effect of treadmill training applied simultaneously with gait related action observation on walking ability in chronic stroke patients. Methods: Sixteen chronic stroke patients participated in this study. Participants were randomly allocated into either the treadmill applied simultaneously with action observation training group (TAG) or treadmill applied simultaneously with landscape observation training group (TLG). The participants in both group underwent treadmill training for four weeks (a total of twelve minute, once a day, three times weekly for a four week period). All participants were measured to gait speed (10 m walking test, 10 MWT), gait endurance (6 minute walk distance, 6 MWD), dynamic gait index (DGI). In order to assure the statistical significance of the results, we used for SPSS 15.0 for windows. The Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used to compare pre-test and post-test result, and the Mann-Whitney U-test was employed for comparison between groups. Results: The 10 MWT, 6 MWD, DGI was significantly different between the TAG and the TLG group. Conclusion: According the results of this study, treadmill applied simultaneously with action observation (TAG) is effective intervention for improvement of walking ability in chronic stroke patient.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.4085-4089
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• 2014

Background: Atelectasis is an important prognostic factor that can cause pleuritic chest pain, coughing or dyspnea, and even may be a cause of death. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential impact of atelectasis and PET parameters on survival and the relation between atelectasis and PET parameters. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of patients with lung cancer with or without atelectasis who underwent $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT examination before receiving any treatment. $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT derived parameters including tumor size, SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV, total lesion glycosis (TLG), SUV mean of atelectasis area, atelectasis volume, and histological and TNM stage were considered as potential prognostic factors for overall survival. Results: Fifty consecutive lung cancer patients (22 patients with atelectasis and 28 patients without atelectasis, median age of 65 years) were evaluated in the present study. There was no relationship between tumor size and presence or absence of atelectasis, nor between presence/absence of atelectasis and TLG of primary tumors. The overall one-year survival rate was 83% and median survival was 20 months (n=22) in the presence of atelectasis; the overall one-year survival rate was 65.7% (n=28) and median survival was 16 months (p=0.138) in the absence of atelectasis. With respect to PFS; the one-year survival rate of AT+ patients was 81.8% and median survival was 19 months; the one-year survival rate of AT-patients was 64.3% and median survival was 16 months (p=0.159). According to univariate analysis, MTV, TLG and tumor size were significant risk factors for PFS and OS (p<0.05). However, SUVmax was not a significant factor for PFS and OS (p>0.05). Conclusions: The present study suggested that total lesion glycolysis and metabolic tumor volume were important predictors of survival in lung cancer patients, in contrast to SUVmax. In addition, having a segmental lung atelectasis seems not to be a significant factor on survival.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the predictive value of the early response of $^{18}F$-flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) during concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: FDG PET was performed before and during CCRT for 13 NSCLC patients. Maximum standardized uptake value ($SUV_{max}$), mean standardized uptake value ($SUV_{mean}$), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were measured and the changes were calculated. These early metabolic changes were compared with the standard tumor response by computed tomograms (CT) one month after CCRT. Results: One month after the completion of CCRT, 9 patients had partial response (PR) of tumor and 4 patients had stable disease. The percent changes of $SUV_{max}$ ($%{\Delta}SUV_{max}$) were larger in responder group than in non-responder group ($55.7%{\pm}15.6%$ vs. $23.1%{\pm}19.0%$, p = 0.01). The percent changes of $SUV_{mean}$ ($%{\Delta}SUV_{mean}$) were also larger in responder group than in non-responder group ($54.4%{\pm}15.9%$ vs. $22.3%{\pm}23.0%$, p = 0.01). The percent changes of MTV ($%{\Delta}MTV$) or TLG ($%{\Delta}TLG$) had no correlation with the tumor response after treatment. All the 7 patients (100%) with $%{\Delta}SUV_{max}{\geq}50%$ had PR, but only 2 out of 6 patients (33%) with $%{\Delta}SUV_{max}$ < 50% had PR after CCRT (p = 0.009). Likewise, all the 6 patients (100%) with $%{\Delta}SUV_{mean}{\geq}50%$ had PR, but only 3 out of 7 patients (43%) with $%{\Delta}SUV_{mean}$ < 50% had PR after CCRT (p = 0.026). Conclusion: The degree of metabolic changes measured by PET-CT during CCRT was predictive for NSCLC tumor response after CCRT.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.425-434
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate the potential value of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in predicting the survival of patients with primary tracheal malignant tumors. Materials and Methods: An analysis of FDG PET/CT findings in 37 primary tracheal malignant tumor patients with a median follow-up period of 43.2 months (range, 10.8-143.2 months) was performed. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to assess the associations between quantitative ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT parameters, other clinic-pathological factors, and overall survival (OS). A risk prognosis model was established according to the independent prognostic factors identified on multivariate analysis. A survival curve determined by the Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess whether the prognosis prediction model could effectively stratify patients with different risks factors. Results: The median survival time of the 37 patients with tracheal tumors was 38.0 months, with a 95% confidence interval of 10.8 to 65.2 months. The 3-year, 5-year and 10-year survival rate were 54.1%, 43.2%, and 16.2%, respectively. The metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), maximum standardized uptake value, age, pathological type, extension categories, and lymph node stage were included in multivariate analyses. Multivariate analysis showed MTV (p = 0.011), TLG (p = 0.020), pathological type (p = 0.037), and extension categories (p = 0.038) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Additionally, assessment of the survival curve using the Kaplan-Meier method showed that our prognosis prediction model can effectively stratify patients with different risks factors (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study shows that ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT can predict the survival of patients with primary tracheal malignant tumors. Patients with an MTV > 5.19, a TLG > 16.94 on PET/CT scans, squamous cell carcinoma, and non-E1 were more likely to have a reduced OS.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.1035-1043
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• 2021

Although engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermenting cellobiose is useful for the production of biofuels from cellulosic biomass, cellodextrin accumulation is one of the main problems reducing ethanol yield and productivity in cellobiose fermentation with S. cerevisiae expressing cellodextrin transporter (CDT) and intracellular β-glucosidase (GH1-1). In this study, we investigated the reason for the cellodextrin accumulation and how to alleviate its formation during cellobiose fermentation using engineered S. cerevisiae fermenting cellobiose. From the series of cellobiose fermentation using S. cerevisiae expressing only GH1-1 under several culture conditions, it was discovered that small amounts of GH1-1 were secreted and cellodextrin was generated through trans-glycosylation activity of the secreted GH1-1. As GH1-1 does not have a secretion signal peptide, non-conventional protein secretion might facilitate the secretion of GH1-1. In cellobiose fermentations with S. cerevisiae expressing only GH1-1, knockout of TLG2 gene involved in non-conventional protein secretion pathway significantly delayed cellodextrin formation by reducing the secretion of GH1-1 by more than 50%. However, in cellobiose fermentations with S. cerevisiae expressing both GH1-1 and CDT-1, TLG2 knockout did not show a significant effect on cellodextrin formation, although secretion of GH1-1 was reduced by more than 40%. These results suggest that the development of new intracellular β-glucosidase, not influenced by non-conventional protein secretion, is required for better cellobiose fermentation performances of engineered S. cerevisiae fermenting cellobiose.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2016

최근 다양한 학회에서 PET 정보로부터 기인하는 SUVmax, MTV, TLG 등으로 환자의 생존율을 분석하는 후향적 연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. 그러나 종양의 체적을 정확하게 측정하기 어렵고 명확한 방법이 없으며 술자 간 차이가 발생 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 종양의 특성에 따른 체적 측정 방법을 비교 평가하였다. NEMA IEC Body Phantom에 18F-saline을 채우고 구형($0.5cm^3$ 에서 $26.5cm^3$)과 불균형($20cm^3$ 에서 $200cm^3$)의 체적을 phantom 안에 삽입하여 Biograph truepoint 40 (Siemens medical system, Germany)로 촬영하였다. 체적과 배후방사능과의 ratio를 3.0, 5.0, 8.0, 18, 40으로 나누어 촬영하였다. 임상환자는 소화기계 암의 병기 설정 환자로 2010년도부터 2014년도 까지 무작위로 120명을 선택하였고 측정방법은 40% threshold, 50% threshold 그리고 MIMsoftware의 gradient segmentation기법인 PET EDGE를 사용하였으며 5년 이상 2명의 방사선사와 1명의 전공의가 3번 반복 측정 하였다. 관찰자간일치도를 분석하였고 조영증강 CT 체적과 측정 체적과의 일치 상관관계 계수를 분석하였다. Phantom test의 결과는 40% threshold 방법이 가장 우수하였다(r = 0.992, 0.997). 임상 환자 결과에서는 관찰자간일치도는 PET EDGE가 0.999 (CI: 0.998-0.999)로 높았고 측정 방법간의 통계적인 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다(P = 0.620). CT체적과 PET 체적 간의 상관관계에선 40% 방법이 가장 우수하였다(r = 0.953). 그리고 종양과 배후방사능의 비가 증가할수록 측정 방법 간의 영향이 감소하였다. 임상 환자에서의 종양의 체적 측정 방법은 50% threshold방법이 가장 유용하고 종양의 특성에 대한 영향이 가장 적었다. 종양과 배후방사능의 비가 높을수록 측정 방법 간의 영향이 감소하기 때문에 PET/CT 검사에서 환자의 배후방사능을 줄이는 연구와 노력이 필요하다고 생각된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2020

Bacillus subtilis SRCM100333로 발효한 토마토 발효액을 제조하고, 이를 사용하여 제조한 고추장의 이화학적 및 기능성 특성을 비교하였다. 대조구로는 토마토 발효액 대신 발효하지 않은 토마토 액을 첨가하였다. 2종의 토마토 고추장 시료는 수분함량 44-45%, 염도 6.2%, pH 4.7, 적정 산도 2.8 mL/g, 색도(L 값) 22-23을 나타냈으며 아미노산성 질소를 제외한 모든 항목에서 유의적인 차이가 없는 경향을 보였다. 토마토 착즙액과 발효액 및 이를 첨가한 고추장의 기능성 분석결과, α-glucosidase 저해(AGI) 활성, pancreatic lipase 저해(PLI) 활성, 항산화, 지방세포분화 억제활성을 보였으며 모든 시료에서 세포독성은 나타나지 않았다. 토마토 발효액은 토마토 착즙액에 비하여 더 높은 PLI 활성과 SO 소거능을 보였다. 토마토 발효액을 사용하여 고추장 제조 시 52%의 NO 생성 억제능을 보였으나, 대조구인 토마토 착즙액 고추장에는 NO 생성 억제능이 확인되지 않았다. 발효하지 않은 토마토 착즙액을 이용하여 고추장을 제조한 경우와 비교 하였을 때, 토마토 발효액을 첨가하여 제조한 고추장은 고유의 붉은색은 유지하면서 강한 매운맛은 감소하였으며 다양한 기능성이 향상된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 다양한 소비자들의 기호를 충족시킬 수 있는 고추장 개발과 같은 추가적인 연구가 지속되기를 바란다.