• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 1981

Neutral lipids of the total lipid extracted from 4 representative varieties of barley grown in Korea and their corresponding malt were studied. Total lipids of barley and malt were solvent extracted with chloroform:methanol:water (1.0 : 1.0 : 0.9, v/v), The total lipids were fractionated into neutral and polar lipids by silicic acid column chromatography, and neutral lipids fraction was separated by thin layer chromatography and quantitated by TLC scanner. The fatty acid compositions was determined by gas liquid chromatography. The average content of total lipid in the 4 barleys and their malts were 3.3 and 2.9%, and average of neutral lipids content in the barley and malt lipids were 73.8 and 68.5%, respectively. Among the neutral lipids, triglycerides and free fatty acids were the major components, and triglycerides content decreased and free fatty acids content increased during malting. Sterol esters, free sterols, 1,3-and 1,2-diglycerides were the minor components of the neutral lipids, and contents of those components showed increasing tendency during malting. The major fatty acid composition of the total lipids were linoleic, palmitic and oleic acids, and in general, the malts had lower amounts of unsautrated fatty acids and high amounts of saturated fatty acids. Fatty acid composition of neutral lipids was of almost the same pattern as that of the total lipids.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.652-657
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• 1995

To investigate the lipid components of Korean yams(Dioscorea batatas and Dioscorea aimadoimo), silicic acid column, thin layer and gas chromatographies were applied. Total crude lipid contents in D. batatas and D. aimadoimo were 1.70% and 1.31%, and total purified lipid contents were 1.35% and 0.99% on a dry weight basis. Lipids were fractionated and quantitated by silicic acid column chromatography. The contents of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids were 43.33, 39.60 and 17.07% in D. batatas and 43.94, 34.74 and 21.32% in D. aimadoimo. Neutral lipids were the most abundant, in which triglycerides and sterol ester were found as the major components. Glycolipids were mainly composed of monogalactosyl and trigalactosyl diglycerides. Phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine were the major components of phospholipid. Fatty acids of the total lipids were mainly linoleic and palmitic acids. The fatty acid compositions of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids were the same tendency as that of total lipids. However, the content of linolenic acid in glycolipids was higher than in neutral lipids and phospholipids when fractionated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.75-84
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• 1987

Lipids in Bush Clover (Lespedza bicolor) seed were extracted with the mix ture of chloro-form-methanol (2 : 1, v/v) and then fractionated into neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids by silicic acid column chromatography. Components and fatty acid composition of each fraction were determined by thin layer and gas chromatographies. The results were summarized as follows. In Bush Clover seed, the contents of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids were 71.75%, 23.26% and 4.99% respectively. Triglycerides(61.90%) and free fatty acids(22.04%) were the major components among the neutral lipids. Esterified sterols, free sterols, diglycerides and monoglycerides were the minor components. The major components of glycolipids were monogalactosyl diglycerides(38.19%) the others were esterified steryl glycosides, cerebrosides and digalactosyl diglycerides. The major components of the phospholipids were phosphatidyl cholines(36.46%), phosphatidyl inositols(21.52%) and phosphatidyl ethanolamines(17.29%). The major fatty acid of total lipid, neutral lipids and glycolipids were linoleic acid, linolenic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid. On the other hand, predominate fatty acid of phospholipids were linoleic acid, palmitic acid, linolenic acid and stearic acid.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.14
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• pp.111-122
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• 1996

S. chibaensis J-59 produced an extracellular xylanase in a CSL medium composed of 1.5% com steep liquor, 0.1% $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, 0.012% $CoCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$, and 0.15% glucose containing xylan. but it did not produce in the culture medium containing xylose. The production of enzyme reached to a maximum level (0.83 uints/ml) when bacteria were cultured in 2.5 l jar fermentor for 48hrs at $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0. Furthermore, S. chibaensis J-59 produced an intracellular glucose isomerase in a medium containing xylan and/or xylose. Xylanase was purified 29-fold over the culture supernatants of S. chibaensis J-59 by ammonium sulfate fractionation, chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The purified enzyme is a monomeric enzyme with a native molecular mass of 25 kDa and a subunit molecular mass of 25 kDa. The purified enzyme requires $Mg^{2+}$ for activity, $Ca^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$ is not an inhibitor but inhibit by $Fe^{3+}$, $Hg^{2+}$, and $Cu^{2+}$, sodium dodecyl sulfate, N-bromosuccinide. Pattern of hydrolysis demonstrated that the xylanase was an endo-splitting enzyme able to break down birchwood xylan at random giving xylobiose, xylotriose and xylotetrose as the main end products.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.433-438
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• 1985

Lipids extracted from two kinds of sun-dried laver samples, wild Porphyra suborbiculata and cultured Porphyra tenera, produced at Wan-do in Korea were studied. Dried P. suborbiculata contained $0.8\%$ total lipid(TL) which consisted of $21.4\%$ neutral lipid(NL), $53.4\%$ glycolipid(GL) and $25.2\%$ phospholipid(PL), and dried P. tenera contained $1.2\%$ TL which consisted of $30.5\%$ NL, $50.3\%$ GL and $19.2\%$ PL. Among the NL of dried P. suborbiculate and P. tenera, free fatty acid ($41.4\%,\;39.0\%$), triglyceride($25.6\%,\;28.8\%$) and free sterol ($22.1\%,\;16.7\%$) were predominant. Digalactosyl diglyceride ($34.7\%,\;46.6\%$) and monogalactosyl diglyceride ($19.2\%,\;18.0\%$) were the major components among the GL. Sulfoquinovosyl digylceride ($4.2\%$) was also identified in P. tenera only. And main lipids in the PL of P. suborbiculata and P. tenera were phosphatidyl ethanolamine ($40.3\%,\;35.7\%$) and phosphatidyl choline ($28.6\%,\;30.7\%$) and followed by phosphatidyl serine($15.1\%,\;19.2\%$) and phosphatidyl inositol ($16.0\%,\;14.4\%$). The major fatty acids in the TL of the dried P. suborbiculata were 20:5 ($29.4\%$), 16:0 ($23.4\%$) and 20:4 ($13.0\%$), and those of the dried P. tenera were 20:5 ($36.7\%$), 16:0 ($16.2\%$), 16:1 ($10.7\%$) and 18:1 ($9.7\%$). The fatty acid composition of the both samples in the NL fraction were similar to the pattern in those of the TL. The abundant fatty acids in the PL of the both dried laver were 20:5, 16:0 and 18:1. In case of the GL fraction, the main fatty acids of the dried P. suborbiculata were 16:0, 20:5, 18:1 and 20:4, while those of the dried P. tenera were 20:5, 16:0 and 18:1.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 1997

Purpose : To evaluate our experience in the breast-conserving treatment for early breast cancer with special regard to recurrence Pattern and related risk factors. Materials and Method :Two hundred and sixteen patients with AJC stage 1and 11 breast cancer who received breast conserving treatment between January 1991 and December 1994 were evaluated A9e distribution ranged from 23-80 year old with a median a9e of 44. One hundred and seventeen Patients had 71 lesions and 99 Patients had 72 lesions. Axillary lymph nodes were involved in 73 patients. All patients received a breast conserving surgery (wide excision to quadrantectomy) and axillary node dissection followed by radiotherapy. Ninety six patients received chemotherapy before or after radiotherapy. Results : During the follow-up period (3-60 months, median 30 months), local recurrences were noted in six Patients (true: 3, elsewhere; 1, skin: 2). Sixteen patients developed distant metastases as the first sign of recurrence at 8-38 months (median 20 months) after surgery. Among them, three patients simultaneously developed local recurrence with distant metastases. Contralateral breast cancer developed in one Patient and non-mammary cancers developed in three patients. The actuarial 5 year survival rate was $88.4\%\;(stage\;I\;96.7\%,\;stage\;IIa\;95.2\%,\;stage\;IIb\;69.9\%)$. Age, I stage, number of involved axillary lymph nodes. and AJC stage were risk factors for distant metastases in univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, the number of involved axillary lymph nodes was the most significant risk factor for metastases. Conclusion : Local recurrence was not common in the early years after radiotherapy. Distant metastases occurred at a steady rate during the first three years and was more common in the Patients with larger tumors, higher number of involved axillary nodes, and younger age.