• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.1244-1255
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the stimulatory effects of herbal medicines extracts on cytokines release of immune response in immune cells, RAW 264.7 and TK-1 cell. Methods: In a total of 18 extracts, 9 water extracts and 9 ethanol extracts, of herbal medicines, the quantities of polyphenolic compounds were measured and anti-oxidation activities were determined by colorimetric assay. The herbal medicine extracts were treated on RAW 264.7 and TK-1, respectively, and then the releasing changes of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 from both immune cells were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The polyphenol contents were measured to be 1.56~0.64 mg/g of solids in the two types of extracts with 9 kinds of herbal medicines, while antioxidant activities were found to be 95.62~31.46% as compared with ascorbic acid control. In RAW 264.7 cells treated with herbal medicines extracts, the secretion of $TNF-{\alpha}$ increased to 1.31~1.18 fold, and the amounts of IL-6 were 68.4~97.9% compared with the control group treated with LPS alone. In particular, the secretion amount of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was suppressed by treatment using herbal medicine extracts. In the case of TK-1 cells, $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion was suppressed according to the concentrations of herbal extract. The released amounts of IL-10 were shown at 10~40 pg/ml, and increased in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: Herbal medicines extracts act on macrophages inducing the secretion of inflammatory cytokine, thereby enhancing the activity of innate immunity. When acting on T cells involved in adaptive immunity, the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine is increased to induce the inhibition of the innate immune response.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 기능성 소재로서 베트남 후피향 추출물의 활용 가치를 알아보고자 하였다. 후피향 추출물의 Nrf2 발현 정도를 측정한 결과, 50% 에탄올을 이용하여 후피향 잎을 추출한 추출물 200 ㎍/mL 농도에서 가장 높은 licuferase의 활성도를 보였다. 상온에서 시간 경과에 따른 추출물의 안정성을 확인하고자 UPLC를 실시하였으며, 자외선 스펙트럼 패턴의 양상이 동일하여 안정성이 유지됨을 확인하였다. 후피향 추출물의 항산화 효능을 확인하기 위해 전자공여능 및 ABTS⁺ radical 소거능을 측정한 결과 농도가 증가함에 따라 활성이 증가했고 1,000 ㎍/mL에서 각각 94.6%, 90.8%의 높은 효과를 보였다. Tyrosinase 저해활성을 측정한 결과 1,000 ㎍/mL의 농도에서 24.4%의 저해능을 나타내었다. 또한 후피향 추출물의 elastase 저해활성을 알아본 결과, 농도 의존적으로 저해능이 증가하였으며 1,000 ㎍/mL에서 42.7%의 억제활성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 Ternstroemia kwangtungensis Merr. (TK) 추출물이 화장품 천연 소재로서의 이용가치가 있음을 확인하였다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제14권1_2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1999

Recently, several new methods for the detection of genetic damages in vitro and in vivo based on molecular biological techniques were introduced according to the rapid progress in toxicology combined with cellular and molecular biology. Among these methods, mouse lymphoma thymidine kanase (tk) gene forward mutation assay, single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) and transgenic animal and cell line model as a target gene of lac I (Big Blue) and lac Z (Muta Mouse) gene mutation are newly introduced based on molecular toxicological approaches. The mouse lymphoma tk$\^$+/-/ gene assay (MOLY) using L5178Y tk$\^$+/-/ mouse lymphoma cell line is one of the mammalian forward mutation assays, and has many advantages and more sensitive than hprt assay. The target gene of MOLY is a heterozygous tk$\^$+/-/ gene located in 11 chromosome, so it is able to detect the wide range of genetic changes like point mutation, deletion, rearrangement, and mitotic recombination within tk gene or deletion of entire chromosome 11. The comet assay is a rapid, simple, visual and sensitive technique for measuring and analysing DNA breakages in mammalian cells, Also, transgenic animal and cell line models, which have exogenous DNA incorporated into their genome, carry recoverable shuttle vector containing reporter genes to assess endogenous effects or alteration in specific genes related to disease process, are powerful tools to study the mechanism of mutation in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Also in vivo acridine orange supravital staining micronucleus assay by using mouse peripheral reticulocytes was introduced as an alternative of bone marrow micronucleus assay. In this respect, there was an International workshop on genotoxicity procedure (IWGTP) supported by OECD and EMS (Environmental Mutagen Society) at Washington D. C. in March 25-26, 1999. The objective of IWGTP is to harmonize the testing procedures internationally, and to extend to finalization of OECD guideline, and to the agreement of new guidelines under the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) for these methods mentioned above. Therefore, we introduce and review the principle, detailed procedure, and application of MOLY, comet assay, transgenic mutagenesis assay and supravital staining micronucleus assay.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.24-32
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• 1977

It was attempted in this study to assess the vitamin $B_{1},\;B_{2}$, and $B_6$ status in tissue by determination of erythrocyte transketolase (TK), glutathione reductase (GR), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, and their activation by their respective coenzymes, thiamine pyrophosphate, flavin-adenine dinucleotide, and pyridoxal-5-phosphate. The activities of erythrocyte enzymes were stable for more than 30 days when erythrocyte had been stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ and affirmed that the enzyme activities were more stable in the case of deep frozen sotrage of erythrocytes rather than hemolysates. The assay procedures involving ultraviolet kinetic analysis with continuous monitoring for each of enzymes have good within-batch and between-batch precisions and will be avalable in the routine laboratories for the nutritional and clinical surveys. Activity coefficient of TK, GR, and AST was studied in healthy medical students (fifteen men and twelve women, between 21 and 30 years old) on an unrestricted diet. The mean activity coefficient of TK, GR, and AST were 1.18, 1.35, and 2.01 for men, and 1.14, 1.33, and 1.83 for women, respectively. And the upper limit of normal (mean+2SD) were 1.52, 1.69, and 2.61 for men, and 1.50, 1.61, and 2.37 for women, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.866-871
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• 2003

Malodorous gas of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) was biologically oxidized to sulfate by Thiobacillus thioparus TK-m (DSM5368) immobilized in/on ceramic beads. More than 99.99％ of DMS removal efficiency was obtained in a ceramic-biofilter reactor of 3.91 when the feed concentrations were about 27.5 and 55.0 mg DMS/1 at $30^{circ}C$. However, the removal efficiency of the biofilter at above $40^{circ}C$ decreased to 4.5 mg DMS/(lㆍmin) which was 85％ of that at $30^{circ}C$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.64-68
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• 1999

The properties of purified intracellular adenosine deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4) of Nocardioides sp. J-326TK isolated from soil have been studied. The enzyme deaminated adenosine and 2`-deoxyadenosine and the respective {TEX}$K_{M}${/TEX} values were 4.0×{TEX}$10^{-4}${/TEX} M and 5.0× {TEX}$10^{-4}${/TEX} M, but the enzyme was not active on 8-bromoadenosine, 6-methylaminopurine riboside, ATP, ADP, 2`-AMP, 3`-AMP, 5`-AMP, dAMP, cAMP, NAD, FAD, NADP and adenine. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by the addition of {TEX}$Hg^{2+}${/TEX} and {TEX}$Ag^{+}${/TEX}, {TEX}$Cu^{2+}${/TEX}, {TEX}$Co^{2+}${/TEX} and {TEX}$Mn^{2+}${/TEX} also inhibited the activity but much less extent. The effect of alkyl reagents, metal chelating reagents and certain other compounds on the enzyme activity were also examined. No reagent activated the enzyme. On the contrary, the enzyme reaction was slightly inhibited by o-phenanthroline and 6-benzyladenosine.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2008

Streptomyces griseus trypsin (SGT)을 코드하는 sprT 유전자와 그 하류에 존재하는 두 개의 조절 유전자 rsgtR1 및 sgtR2를 동시에 갖고 있는 재조합 벡터 pWHM3-TR1R2를 S. lividans TK24 및 S. griseus IFO 13350에 도입하여, 트립신의 생산성을 더욱 증대시킬 수 있는 배지를 조사하였다. S. lividans TK24/pWHM3-TR1R2의 경우 배양 5일을 기준으로 R2YE에서 가장 높은 생산성(0.74 unit/mL)을 나타냈고, C5/L. (0.66 unit/mL), Livid (0.08 unit/mL), NDSK(0.06 unit/mL) 순으로 나타났다 S. griseus IFO 13350/pWHM3-TR1R2의 경우에는 전반적으로 배양 7일에 트립신 활성이 가장 높았으며, C5/L (1.518 unit/mL), R2YE(1.284 unit/mL), NDSK (0.932 unit/mL), Livid (0.295 unit/mL) 순으로 나타났다. S. griseus IFO 13350/pWHM3-TR1R2를 C5/L 배지에서 7일간 배양한 배양액으로부터 $25%{\sim}60%$ ammonium sulfate 침전, CM-sepharose 및 Sp-sepharose column chromatography를 통하여 트립신을 고순도로 정제할 수 있었다. 최종 purification fold는 6.5배, 순수 정제된 트립신의 specific activity는 69,252 unit/mg, 회수율은 1.4%이었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.246-251
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• 1999

다양한 유전형질을 갖고 있는 E. coli WP series, E. coli TK series 및 E. coli GW series 변이주들을 이용하여 chloropropanol의 변이원성 기구를 해석하였다. 3종류의 chloropropanol 모두 E. coli WP2s와 WP67에서는 돌연변이활성이 나타났으나 E. coli WP2와 CM611에서는 변이원성이 거의 나타나지 않았으며 2,3-DCP>3-MCPD>1,3-DCP 순으로 돌연변이 활성을 나타내었다. E. coli WP2s와 비교하여 E. coli WP2 $(WP2s\;uvrA^+)$에서 돌연변이활성이 크게 감소한 반면 균 생존율이 상당히 증가한 결과로부터 절제수복에 의해 쉽게 제거되는 DNA 손상임을 확인할 수 있었으며, E. coli CM611(WP2s lexA102)에서 돌연변이활성 및 균 생존율 모두 상당히 감소된 결과로부터 이들 물질에 의한 주요 DNA 손상이 SOS 수복 의존성임이 시사되었다. 또한 E. coli TK610 (umuC)에서의 돌연변이율과 균 생존율은 그 대조 균주인 E. coli TK603 $(umuC^+)$에 비하여 상당히 감소하여 chloropropanol에 의한 돌연변이 유발은 umuC가 관여하는 SOS 수복을 통하여 일어나는 것으로 확인되었다. E. coli GW1105 [lexA3 (Ind)]와 GW1107 [lexA51 (Def)] 두 균주에서 ${\beta}-galactosidase$의 활성이 chloropropnaol 첨가에 의해 변화하지 않았기 때문에 SOS 반응의 repressor로 작용하는 LexA에 대하여 chloropropnol이 직접적으로 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 chloropropanol에 의한 DNA 손상은 가장 기본적인 수복계라 할 수 있는 절제수복에 의하여 제거될 수 있으며, 돌연변이의 발생은 주로 SOS 수복계를 통하여 일어남을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 환경생물
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.507-512
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• 2004

This study was focused on the risk assessment of whether radiofrequency electromagnetic fields generated by mobile phone is cytogenetically toxic or not. We conducted the effects of 835-MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) on DNA strand breaks in mouse thymic lymphoma L5178Y $Tk^{+/1-}$ cells using alkaline comet assay. EMF frequency 835-MHz we chosen is one of the most popular communication frequency bands in Korean code-division multiple-access (CDMA) mobile phone system. The cells were exposed to 835-MHz EMF alone or 835-MHz EMF combined with cyclophosamide(CPA) or 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) at specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4.0 W $kg^{-l}$ for 24 and 48hrs. DNA damage expressed as tail moment was increased more than two-fold after exposure to 835-MHz EMF for 24 and 48hr. In particular, CPA for 48hr and 4NQO for 24 hr enhanced notably the tail moment to 9-fold and 16-fold in the presence of 835-MHz EMF, respectively, compared to each single treatment. From these results, it appears that exposure to CDMA-mobile phone radiation at 835-MHz frequency may potentiate DNA strand breaks of mouse thymic lymphoma L5178Y $Tk^{+/1-}$;cells under the defined conditions of this study.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.59-73
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• 2003