• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2018

Objective: This study aimed to predict balance and gait abilities with the Trunk Impairment scales (TIS) in persons with stroke. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Sixty-eight participants with stoke were assessed with the TIS, Berg Balance scale (BBS), and Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) by a therapist. To describe of general characteristics, we used descriptive and frequency analyses, and the TIS was used as a predictive variable to determine the BBS. In the simple regression analysis, the TIS was used as a predictive variable for the BBS and FGA, and the TIS and BBS were used as predictive variables to determine the FGA in multiple regression analysis. Results: In the group with a BBS score of >45 for regression equation for predicting BBS score using TIS score, the coefficient of determination ($R^2$) was 0.234, and the $R^2$ was 0.500 in the group with a BBS score of ${\leq}45$. In the group with an FGA score >15 for regression equation for predicting FGA score using TIS score, the $R^2$ was 0.193, and regression equation for predicting FGA score using TIS score, the $R^2$ was 0.181 in the group of FGA score ${\leq}15$. In the group of FGA score >15 for regression equation for predicting FGA score using TIS and BBS score, the $R^2$ was 0.327. In the group of FGA score ${\leq}15$ for regression equation for predicting FGA score using TIS and BBS score, the $R^2$ was 0.316. Conclusions: The TIS scores are insufficient in predicting the FGA and BBS scores in those with higher balance ability, and the BBS and TIS could be used for predicting variables for FGA. However, TIS is a strong predictive variable for persons with stroke who have poor balance ability.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.539-547
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 연구용 ADS-B/TIS-B Validation Testbed(AVT)설계를 위한 기초 결과에 대하여 살펴본다. ADS-B는 GNSS와 디지털 데리터링크를 활용한 새로운 항공감시 개념이다. ADS-B는 종속적인 감시 개념이기 때문에 ADS-B송수신기를 장착하지 않은 항공기에 대한 감시 정보는 획득이 불가능하다. 기존의 이차감시레이더를 사용하여 획득한 감시정보를 제공하는 개념이 AIS-B이다. AVT는 ADS-B 및 ATS-B 개념을 기반으로 한 차세대 위성항행시스템의 감시 플랫폼이라는 의의가 있다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.140-149
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• 2018

The $TIS21^{/BTG2/PC3}$ gene belongs to the antiproliferative gene (APRO) family and exhibits tumor suppressive activity. However, here we report that TIS21 controls lipid metabolism, rather than cell proliferation, under fasting condition. Using microarray analysis, whole gene expression changes were investigated in liver of TIS21 knockout (TIS21-KO) mice after 20 h fasting and compared with wild type (WT). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ($PPAR{\alpha}$) target gene expression was almost absent in contrast to increased lipid synthesis in the TIS21-KO mice compared to WT mice. Immunohistochemistry with hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that lipid deposition was focal in the TIS21-KO liver as opposed to the diffuse and homogeneous pattern in the WT liver after 24 h starvation. In addition, cathepsin E expression was over 10 times higher in the TIS21-KO liver than that in the WT, as opposed to the significant reduction of thioltransferase in both adult and fetal livers. At present, we cannot account for the role of cathepsin E. However, downregulation of glutaredoxin 2 thioltransferase expression might affect hypoxic damage in the TIS21-KO liver. We suggest that the $TIS21^{/BTG2}$ gene might be essential to maintain energy metabolism and reducing power in the liver under fasting condition.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

항공교통관리에 있어서 ADS-B(Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast)와 multilateration은 국제민간항공기구에서 지정한 차세대 시스템 중 핵심기술이다. 그러나 오늘날, 모든 항공기가 ADS-B를 장착하고 있지는 않다. ADS-B 미장착 항공기의 위치 획득을 위해 TIS-B(Traffic Information Service-Broadcast)가 사용되는데, TIS-B는 레이더로부터 획득한 항공기 위치를 제공한다. 본 논문에서는 TIS-B를 대체할 수 있는 2차 감시레이더 신호를 활용한 onboard multilateration 시스템을 제안한다. TIS-B는 레이더 자료를 이용해 항공기 위치를 제공하므로 그 오차가 굉장히 큰 반면, onboard multilateration 시스템은 TDOA(Time Difference of Arrival) 기법을 이용하므로 항공기 위치 오차가 매우 작다. 성능비교 결과, 본 논문에서 제안된 onboard multilateration 시스템이 TIS-B에 비해 공항 인근에서는 37.39%, 공항 200마일 부근에서는 51.61% 성능이 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2011

Purpose: In this study, we tried to determine the effect of upper extremity training such as functional reaching on improved trunk control and ADL performance in post-stroke hemiplegic patients. Methods: We randomly selected 11 stroke patients in the hospital, who had a problem with the upper extremity, trunk and ADL performance. The patients were divided into the conservative training group and the functional reaching training group. We applied general occupational therapy only in the conservative training group whereas we applied upper extremity training with a focus on functional reaching in the functional reaching training group. To compare the two groups we used several assessment tools such as Modified Barthel Index (MBI), total Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), static TIS, dynamic TIS and coordinative TIS. Results: The results obtained were as follows: (1) In the functional reaching training group, there was a statistically significant difference in the total TIS score, dynamic TIS score, and MBI. (2) We compared the results obtained before training with the changes in the results obtained after training and found that there was a relation between the assessment outcomes. Especially, static TIS score showed a relation in both groups. Conclusion: Functional reaching training influenced both the trunk control and ADL performance. Especially, the functional reaching training group demonstrated better static trunk control ability than the conservative treatment group.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2015

항공 수요가 지속적으로 증가함에 따라 레이더를 이용한 항공 감시가 한계에 다다르면서, 새로운 항공 감시 기술인 ADS-B가 등장하였다. ADS-B는 레이더에 비해 높은 위치 정확도와 빠른 갱신 주기를 제공하며, ADS-B 송수신기를 장착한 항공기간에는 서로의 위치 정보를 확인할 수 있다는 장점을 갖는다. 하지만 모든 항공기가 ADS-B 송수신기를 탑재하지는 않으며, 서로 다른 ADS-B 데이터 링크를 사용하는 항공기 간에는 위치 정보의 송수신이 불가능하다는 단점이 있다. 이러한 ADS-B의 단점을 해결하기 위해 레이더가 감시 중인 항공기의 정보를 방송하는 TIS-B 서비스와 ADS-B 데이터 링크를 교차하여 ADS-B 신호를 방송하는 ADS-R 서비스가 개발되었다. 본 논문에서는 ADS-B 감시 자료와 레이더 감시 자료를 통합하여 TIS-B 서비스와 ADS-R 서비스를 함께 제공할 수 있는 항공 교통 상황 방송 서비스용 중앙 집중형 TIS-B 서버를 설계하고 구현하였다. 구현한 시스템은 직접 구성한 ADS-B 지상 시스템과 연결하여, 비행 중인 항공기의 ADS-B 감시 자료와 레이더 감시 자료를 수신하고, 수신한 감시 자료를 이용하여 TIS-B 서비스와 ADS-R 서비스를 제공하기 위한 감시 자료를 생성하여 모의 방송을 하는 방법으로 검증하였다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to establish the reliability of the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) translated into Korea in patients with stroke. It also aims to score the quality of trunk movement and to be a tool for the treatment. The TIS consists of three subscales that static sitting balance, dynamic sitting balance and co-ordination. The TIS score ranges from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 23. Twenty-five stroke patients (13 males, 12 females) were examined by two physiotherapists. Interrater and test-retest reliability were assessed. Kappa and weighted kappa values for the items of the trunk assessment of the TIS ranged from .67 to 1.00. Intraclass correlation coefficients for interrater and test-retest agreement were .95 and .97. Cronbach alpha coefficients for internal consistency range from .87 to .97. The TIS provide reliable assessments for the trunk and are valid scales for measuring trunk performance in patients with stroke. TIS can be used as a guideline for treatment and the assessment of quality of trunk activity.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2023

Topological insulators (TIs) emerge as one of the most fascinating and amazing material in physics and electronics. TIs intrinsically possess both gapless conducting surface and insulating internal properties, instead of being only one property such as conducting, semiconducting, and insulating. The conducting surface state of TIs is the consequence of band inversion induced by strong spin-orbit coupling. Combined with broken inversion symmetry, the surface electronic band structure consists of spin helical Dirac cone, which allows spin of carriers governed by the direction of its momentum, and prohibits backscattering of the carriers. It is called by topological surface states (TSS). In this paper, we investigated the TIs materials and their unique properties and denoted the fabrication method of TIs such as deposition and exfoliation techniques. Since it is hard to observe the TSS, we introduced several specialized analysis tools such as angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, spin-momentum locking, and weak antilocalization. Finally, we reviewed the various fields to utilize the unique properties of TIs and summarized research trends of their applications.

• BMB Reports
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.609-614
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• 2002

The remodeling process of bone is accompanied by complex changes in the expression levels of various genes. Several approaches have been employed to detect differentially-expressed genes in regard to osteoclast differentiation. In order to identify the genes that are involved in osteoclast differentiation, we used a cDNA-array-nylon membrane. Among 1,200 genes that showed ameasurable signal, 19 genes were chosen for further study. Eleven genes were up-regulated; eight genes were down-regulated. TIS21 was one of the up-regulated genes which were highly expressed in mature osteoclasts. To verify the cDNA microarray results, we carried out RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR for the TIS21 gene. The TIS21 mRNA level was higher in differentiated-osteoclasts when compared to undifferentiated bone-marrow macrophages. Furthermore, the treatment with $1\;{\mu}M$ of a TIS21 antisense oligonucleotide reduced the formation of osteoclasts from the bone-marrow-precursor cells by ~30%. These results provide evidence for the potential role of TIS21 in the differentiation of osteoclasts.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2015

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to develop the Korean version of the trunk impairment scale (K-TIS) and to examine reliability and responsiveness of the K-TIS in patients with stroke. Methods Subjects of the study were 51 stroke patients (mean age: 57.78 years) recruited from two stroke clinics. For the interrater and test-retest reliability, two raters measured the K-TIS two times using video clips with an interval of 2 weeks. For the responsiveness, intensive physical therapy training was provided to all participants 2 times a day for one month or three months depending on the onset of the stroke and the admission rules of the two clinics. Inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability of the K-TIS three subscales (static sitting balance, dynamic sitting balance, and coordination) scores and total scores were examined using intra-correlation coefficient ($ICC_{3,1}$) and Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). To examine responsiveness, the minimally important difference (MID) was calculated with effect size. Results: Inter-rater reliability of the K-TIS subscales and total scores were all high (ICC3,1=0.920-0.983 and r=0.924-0.984). For the test-retest reliability, $ICC_{3,1}$=0.805-0.901 and r=0.806-0.903, and the MID for acute and post-acute as well as chronic stroke patients remained in the mean change range. Conclusion: It is suggested that the K-TIS might be used for clinical and research purposes as a standardized tool for stroke patients. In addition, it can also be useful in establishment of treatment goal(s) and planning treatment program(s) for patients with stroke.