• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-50
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• 2011

In today's market scenario, consumers are bombarded with similar promotional messages. It means that managers have to pay attention to promotion strategy to create strong effect as well as to break through the monotony. In this context, although there are strong needs concerning tie-in promotion, research investigating tie-in promotion is limited. Therefore, we extracted tie-in promotion tools and defined the concept of each tie-in promotion tool by analyzing various tie-in promotion cases which are executed in current market. In addition, consumer's recognition of tie-in promotion was investigated through the in-depth interview. The results of case analysis of tie-in promotion and in-depth interview are summarized as follows. First, 9 tie-in promotion tools were extracted: tie-in price reductions, tie-in coupons, tie-in membership, tie-in contests, tie-in premiums (tangibility, intangibility), tie-in payment terms, tie-in sample, tie-in event(culture event, charity event, experience event) and tie-in fund·rebate. Second, 3 categories of the recognition of the consumer for tie-in promotion were extracted: features of preferred tie-in promotion, expectation benefit of tie-in promotion, and risk factors of tie-in promotion. Especially, at the aspect of features of preferred tie-in promotion, fit between consumer pursuit benefit and tie-in promotion was found to be interesting. Moreover, the recognition of the consumer for tie-in promotion were divided with positive(preferred tie-in promotion features, expectation benefit of tie-in promotion) and negative(risk factors of tie-in promotion) factors. In conclusion, the company's effort will be necessary to lower the perceived risk level occurring from the process of accomplishing the tie-in promotion strategy since consumers recognize both positive and negative effects of tie-in promotion.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.162-166
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• 2011

In railway, Tie supports rail and plays a role that distribute train load to the ballast. Also, Tie and ballast resist against external force and fix the track position. But, weakening resistance of ballast and tie cause vertical displacement of tie and track irregularity. For reinforcement of track stiffness and reduction of track irregularity, KORAIL has developed Multi Branch type tie(GLORY Tie) that reinforced resistance than general PCT and installed in order to test in the field. This study measured and analyzed lateral resistance of ballast, wheel load of rail, bending strain of rail foot, vertical displacement and vibration acceleration of tie in order to evaluate performance of Multi Branch type tie in the field. According to the results of test, Multi Branch tie is excellent than general tie about lateral resistance of ballast and vertical displacement of tie. And, gap of measurement value between Multi Branch type tie and general tie about wheel load of rail, bending strain of rail foot were very small.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.373-379
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• 2007

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of used color and tone on harmony perception by applying contrast coloration of shirt and necktie. This experiment designed by shirt color(red, blue, purple, green), tie color(green or blue tie with red shirt, yellow or red tie with blue shirt, yellow or green tie with purple shirt, purple or red tie with green shirt), shirt tone(vivid, light, dull, dark), tie tone(vivid, light, dull, dark), and perceiver gender(a male, a female). The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales, we harmonized those colors of shirts and neckties contrast, then made shirt and necktie tone differently. The subjects of this research were 640 male and 640 female college students. The data was analyzed by using SPS program. Shirt color, tie color, shirt tone, tie tone, perceiver gender influenced on harmony perception independently. Shirt color and tie color, shirt color and shirt tone, shirt color and perceiver gender, tie color and tie tone, tie color and perceiver gender, shirt tone and tie tone influenced on the harmony perception by interaction.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.53-72
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• 2019

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of tie strength in the network of industrial clustering on the knowledge acquisition, integration and innovation performance of small and medium sized enterprises. We test the positive relationship of weak tie and knowledge acquisition, strong tie and knowledge integration, and the interaction effect of two tie strengths on both processes of knowledge acquisition and integration. By identifying these relationships, we can better understand how to manage the attributes of social networks in terms of tie strength in order to improve the performance of innovation for the small and medium sized enterprises. Design/methodology/approach We collect 200 survey data from 2 industrial cluster respectively: Pankyo and Guroo. In Pankyo, the proportion of IT industry is the highest (35%) while the proportion of manufacturing is highest (35%) in Guroo. Pooling the data from two industrial cluster, we check the reliability and validity of our research model and test the hypotheses. Findings First, we find the positive relationship of weak tie and knowledge acquisition from both industrial clustering. Weak tie is composed of heterogeneous organizations with various background and expertise. The communication and information sharing of organizations in the weak tie network helps the idea generation for organization's innovation, which is the knowledge acquisition process. Second, the relationship of strong tie and knowledge integration is insignificant. Typically the strong tie from long-lasting partnership is expected to be beneficial in the action stage of innovation, which is the knowledge integration process. However it is not identified in our industry cluster. Finally, the interaction effect of weak and strong tie is identified to be effective on both knowledge acquisition and integration processes.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.691-692
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• 2015

본 논문은 IEEE에서 제공하는 TEAM Problem 21번 주제를 참고하여 Tie-Plate의 최적설계안에서 기본적인 형태의 변화에 따른 손실 비교를 제시하였다. 기존의 Tie-Plate의 최적설계안은 본 저자의 논문에서 제시하여 Tie-Plate 중간부분에 $3{\times}3$의 형태로 설계되었다. Tie-Plate의 최적 설계안은 앞에서 보는 부분에서의 형태를 띄고 있으며 본 논문에서는 Tie-Plate의 기본 모델에서 적층되는 모델과 슬롯을 파는 모델 등으로 손실비교를 하였다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.139-158
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• 2012

This study was intended to classify tie-in promotion tools by the criteria of benefit-fit between consumer and tie-in promotions. Tie-in promotion tools include tie-in price reductions, tie-in coupons, tie-in memberships, tie-in contests, tie-in sweepstakes, tangible and intangible tie-in premiums, tie-in payment terms, tie-in samples, tie-in events(culture event, charity event, experience event) and tie-in fund·rebates. The fit between consumer pursuit benefit and tie-in promotion supplying benefit was used as a classification criteria on the basis of Lee et al.'s study in 2011. For the experiment, one stimuli and 12 scenarioes were developed. 100 pieces of data were obtained for each scenario. As a result, benefit fit was subsequently divided into two factors: hedonic-benefit fit and utilitarian-benefit fit. Tie-in promotion tools were then classified into 4 types: high hedonic benefit-added, high utilitarian benefit-added, low hedonic benefit-added, and low utilitarian benefit-added. In previous research, tie-in promotion type was mainly divided by the evaluative criteria on company's viewpoint such as horizontal/vertical or intra-company/ inter-company, which reflects mutual exclusiveness between two criteria. Whereas, in this study, tie-in promotion type was divided by evaluative criteria on consumer's viewpoint such as hedonic- benefit fit/utilitarian-benefit fit. The classifications in this study practically reflect benefit-added of tie-in promotion type superadded one benefit coexisting two benefits.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.838-851
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• 2007

The purpose of this research was to investigate the harmony evaluation and the effects used clues on harmony perception in terms of 128 contrast coloration of male shirt and necktie by male and female students. The results are as follows. Among 128 contrast coloration stimuli, female students evaluated 42 set, male students 50 set, so proved that male's range of harmony more extensive than that of female. It is significant difference between female and male on shirt-necktie coloration; vivid red shirt-vivid green tie, dull red shirt-dark blue tie, light red shirt-dull blue tie, dark red shirt-light blue tie, light green shirt-vivid violet tie, light green shirt-light red tie, light green shirt-dull red tie. Especially, in contrast coloration, it was evaluated as harmonized coloration by both male and female as tie was dark tone on the whole.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.82-87
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• 2012

The outer tie rod that is a part of steering system connects the steering gear to the steering knuckle via the inner tie rod. The formal study suggested the optimized structural design of an outer tie rod installed in a passenger car. Its weight is 284.7g, which is 57.2% lighter weight than initial steel model. This study validates the optimized design of the outer tie rod considering buckling and durability. The assembled unit of an inner tie rod and outer tie rod is utilized to perform the test of the bending strength of the outer tie rod. On the contrary, 1/2 car is utilized to perform the test of its durability performance.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.5 s.70
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• pp.813-823
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• 1998

The frictional force has been considered as an harmful factor in an active unit where tooth movement occurs, but as an advantageous factor in anchor unit that resist tooth movement. That is, efficient tooth movement is planned by using ligation methods that have low levels of bracket-wire frictional force and the anchorage control can be achieved by using ligation methods that have high levels of bracket-wire frictional force that result in binding of the bracket accompanied by little or no tooth movement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frictional force generated between bracket and wire in accordance with the methods of ligation, the material of ligation and the passage of time under artificial saliva. Tested were 0.017x0.022 inch stainless steel wires in standard edgewise twin brackets for upper central incisors in a 0.018-inch slot. The wires were ligated into the brackets with elastomeric modules and stainless steel ligatures. Whole tie, half tie, twisting tie and double overlay tie were done with elastomeric modules. With 0.009-inch stainless steel ligature whole tie and half tie were done by needle holder and whole tie by ligature tying plier. With 0.012-inch stainless steel ligature whole ties were done by needle holder. Whole tie groups of elastomeric module were kept in artificial saliva bath at $37^{\circ}C$ for 28 days. The frictional force was recorded by means of an Instron universial testing instrument (4202 INSTRON, Instron Co., U.S.A.) at initial, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The results for ligated samples in a simulated oral environment revealed the fellowing : ${\cdot}$In elastomeric module whole tie, 28 days group was significantly greater mean static frictional force than any other group but there were no significant differences among any other group (p>0.05). ${\cdot}$Elastomeric module twisting ties were significantly greater mean static frictional forces than any other ligation method but there were no significant differences between twisting tie and double overlay tie (p>0.05). Twisting tie, double overlay tie, whole tie, half tie showed differences in decreasing order. ${\cdot}$Stainless steel half tie produced lower mean static frictional force than whole tie, ligation by ligature tying plier produced greater mean static frictional force than by needle holder and ligation with 0.012-inch stainless steel ligature produced greater mean static frictional force than with 0.009-inch stainless steel ligature (p<0.05). ${\cdot}$There were no significant differences between the mean static frictional forces of elastomeric whole tie and stainless steel whole tie (p>0.05).

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.195-205
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• 2015

Various non-seismic tie details are frequently used for one- and two-story small buildings because the seismic demand on their deformation capacities is not relatively significant. To evaluate the effects of the non-seismic tie details on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns, six square columns with a cross section of $400{\times}400mm$ and six rectangular columns with a cross section of $250{\times}640mm$ were tested. The anchorage details at both ends and spacing of tie hoops, along with the cross-sectional shape and the magnitude of axial load, were considered as the primary test parameters. Test results showed that square columns had higher stiffness and lower lateral deformation rather than rectangular columns. Both lap spliced tie and U-shaped tie provided comparable or improved seismic performance to $90^{\circ}$ hook tie in terms of maximum strength, ductility, and energy dissipation. The predicted curves with modeling parameters in ASCE41-13 were conservative for test results of lap spliced tie and U-shaped tie specimens since plastic behavior after flexural yielding could not be considered. For economical design, ASCE41-13 should be revised with various test results of tie details.