• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.219-229
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• 2008

Tics are sudden, painless, nonrhythmic behaviors that are either motor or vocal. As to DSM- VI diagnostic criteria, chronic tic disorder is either single or multiple motor or phonic tics, but not both, which are present for more than a year. In this case, a male patient was diagnosed tics disorder at 8 years old. He has suffered for 15 years and his symptom was simple motor tics of neck, both arms and both legs, not vocal tics. So we diagnosed him as the chronic tic disorder. The severity score headache was assessed using the Visual Analog Scales. The severity score tics was assessed at baseline using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and we compared score of before with after treatment. We treated him with oriental medication( herbal medicine, acupuncture, cry cupping) and progressive muscle relaxation. After this treatment, chronic insomnia and extreme headache were disappeard and the symptoms of tics were mildly decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.91-98
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• 2022

Objectives: Comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (CBIT) is effective in children with chronic tic disorders. This study aimed to assess the effect of group-based CBIT (group-CBIT) on tic severity and comorbid symptoms. We compared the efficacy of group CBIT with that of a control. Methods: Thirty children with chronic tic disorder or Tourette's disorder were enrolled in this study. Eighteen were assigned to the group-CBIT for eight sessions, and 12 were assigned to the control group. Tics and comorbid symptoms were assessed pre- and post-intervention using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Rating Scale-IV, Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, and the Korean-Children Behavioral Checklist. We compared the pre- and post-intervention results of each group and determined the difference in the pre- and post-intervention results between intervention and the control group. Results: The YGTSS motor and vocal tic interference, global impairment, and global severity scores decreased in the intervention group only. Group CBIT was superior in reducing the motor tic interference, impairment score, and global severity score to the control group. Conclusion: The group-CBIT showed an improvement in tic symptoms, especially in reducing the level of interference and impairment of tics.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.119-146
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• 2009

Objectives : In this study, patients with tic disorders who visited an Oriental medicine clinic were examined for their demographic characteristics, characteristics of symptoms, relation to Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) and peculiarity according to various variables such as motor and vocal tics. Methods : After surveying 292 patients who visited an Oriental medicine clinic with tic symptoms as main complaints for 17 months, SAS 9.1, a statistical program was used for statistical analysis. Results : 1. The BMI of male tic patients was significantly higher than female ones and it was similar to or higher than the normal group. 2. Patients who are eldest children were 1.7 times higher than those who are not eldest ones. 3. The most usual case of motor tics was the eye blink and the most one of vocal tics was a dry cough. 4. There was no significant difference between male and female patients for all symptoms of motor and vocal tics, but male patients had significantly more obsessions related to tics than female ones. 5. There was no significant difference in the age of initial occurrence of Transient tic disorder(TTD), Chronic tic disoder(CTD) and Tourette's disorder(TD). 6. For the general disorder of a tic and Conners' ADHD rating scale, there was no significance in TTD, CTD and TD. 7. 66% out of the total subjects of 197 cases were found to score more than 65 points in more than 1 items among 8 items such as the time, hearing, wrong alarm, mean response time and standard deviation in the response time, etc. of the ADHD diagnosis system(ADS). 8. The eye blink among motor tics was shown mainly by patients under 10 years old and the frown, movement of the head, shrug and movement of the arms were shown mainly by 11-19 years old patients. Conclusions : For the number, frequency, seriousness and inconvenience in life of tics, TD showed a significantly higher result than TTD and CTD.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.50-56
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• 2019

Most patients with Tourette's disorder experience an uncomfortable sensory phenomenon called the premonitory urge immediately before experiencing tics. It has been suggested that premonitory urges are associated with comorbidities such as obsessive compulsive disorder, anxiety disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, although these associations have been inconsistent. Most patients experience tics as a result of the premonitory urges, and after the tics occur, most patients report that the premonitory urges are temporarily relieved. As a consequence, several studies have assessed the premonitory urge and its potential therapeutic utility. Based on the concept that the premonitory urge induces tics, behavioral treatments such as Exposure and Response Prevention and Habit Reversal Therapy have been developed. However, it is still unclear whether habituation, the main mechanism of these therapies, is directly related to their effectiveness. Moreover, the observed effects of pharmacological treatments on premonitory urges have been inconsistent.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.161-166
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• 2014

Lung cancer is the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and a lack of effective methods for early diagnosis has greatly impacted the prognosis and survival rates of the affected patients. Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are considered to be largely responsible for tumor genesis, resistance to tumor therapy, metastasis, and recurrence. In addition to representing a good potential treatment target, TICs can provide clues for the early diagnosis of cancer. MicroRNA (miRNA) alterations are known to be involved in the initiation and progression of human cancer, and the detection of related miRNAs in TICs is an important strategy for lung cancer early diagnosis. As Hsa-miR-155 (miR-155) can be used as a diagnostic marker for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a smart molecular beacon of miR-155 was designed to image the expression of miR-155 in NSCLC cases. TICs expressing CD133 and CD338 were obtained from A549 cells by applying an immune magnetic bead isolation system, and miR-155 was detected using laser-scanning confocal microscopy. We found that intracellular miR-155 could be successfully detected using smart miR-155 molecular beacons. Expression was higher in TICs than in A549 cells, indicating that miR-155 may play an important role in regulating bio-behavior of TICs. As a non-invasive approach, molecular beacons could be implemented with molecular imaging to diagnose lung cancer at early stages.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.69-94
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• 2012

Objectives : The goals of the present study are to assess children with tic disorders, their clinical characteristic and to prove the effectiveness of herbal treatments of tic disorders. Methods : The present study was conducted from January 2006 to April 2011, with 200 out-patient children between the age of 6 to 12 diagnosed with tic disorder (after excluding 10 children who could not be clearly diagnosed) at the "H'herbal medicine clinic located in Seoul. Of these 200 children, we have evaluated the epidemiology and clinical manifestation, and analyzed the results of herbal medicine treatments. Results : 1. Among the children diagnosed with tic disorder, TTD was most prevalent (43.3%) and males were more likely than females to express tics (5.45:1). Children with TD sought help significantly later (average age of 9.03 years) than the other types. 2. The analysis results of herbal medicine treatments are as follows. Compared to the pre-treatment assessment, children who received herbal medicine treatment for more than three months (n=52) showed a marked decrease in symptoms of motor tics (the number of motor tics, frequency, severity, complexity) and vocal tics (the number of vocal tics, frequency, severity), in the impairment level of combined tics (motor and vocal tics together) and in the overall score. Conclusions : In conclusion, we apprehended demographic and clinical characteristics of tic disorder patients who visited a Korean traditional medicine clinic by analyzing the psychological assessment results. Furthermore, we identified the effectiveness of herb formula in tic disorder.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.21 no.4 s.100
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• pp.142-151
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• 2006

ITU-R은 권고 M.1310에서 교통정보 및 제어 시스템(TICS)과 관련된 여러 가지 항목을 권고하고 있다. TICS는 지상 교통 시스템의 안전과 효율성 및 관리방법을 향상시키기 위해 컴퓨터, 통신, 위치정보 그리고 차량기술이 집약된 시스템으로 TICS 중 차량의 직접적인 주행과 관련된 차량 제어 시스템(AVCS)은 충돌 방지를 위해 요구되는 몇가지 사항을 포함하고 있으며 그 가운데 차량 레이더는 운전자의 보조를 통한 안전한 차량 운행을 위해 적용 가능한 기술 중의 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 차량 레이더의 국제표준화 동향, 제외국의 차량 레이더 법규 동향 및 개발동향에 대하여 살펴볼 것이다.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.141-155
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• 2003

Method : Chronic motor tic or vocal tic disorders are characterized which have one of the two kinds of tics for more than a year. It is characterized chronic motor tic or vocal tic disorders that have one of the two kinds of tics for more than a year. But Tourette's disorder is a disease which has one or more motor tics and vocal tics for more than a year. Contemporary empirical studies have suggested the rate of comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) or obsessive compulsive disorder(OCD) in children with tic disorders be high. Objects : As society is confusing, tic disorders are increasing. Therefore, determining the treatment strategy in children with tic disorders is very important. So we studied the literatures of traditional chinese medicine about tic disorders and reported the results. Results : The principals for medical treatment were So-gan(疏肝), I-gi(理氣), Sik-pung(熄風), Gin-kyung(鎭痙), Chung-oel(淸熱) etc. Medicines treatment is used more than acupuncture treatment. The herbs are used Uncariae ramulus et Uncus(釣鉤藤), Paeoniae Radix Alba(白芍藥), Poria(白茯岺), Glycyrrhizae Radix(甘草), Bupleuri Radi.x(柴胡), Fossilia ossis Mastodi(龍骨) etc. in the order named. Acupuncture points were used Naegwan(PC6), Shinmuin(HT7), P'ungnyur4(ST40), Paek'oe. (GV20), Chung-wan(CV12), Samumgye(SP6), Kongson(SP4), T'aech'ung(LR3) and so on.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.146-153
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean Form of the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (K-PUTS). Methods: Thirty-eight patients with Tourette's disorder who visited Jeonbuk National University Hospital were assessed with the K-PUTS. Together with the PUTS, the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS), the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rating scale (ARS), and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) were implemented to evaluate concurrent and discriminant validity. Results: The internal consistency of items on the PUTS was high, with a Cronbach's α of 0.79. The test-retest reliability of the PUTS, which was administered at 2 weeks to 2 months intervals, showed high reliability with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.60. There was a significant positive correlation between the overall PUTS score and the YGTSS score, showing concurrent validity. There was no correlation between the PUTS, CY-BOCS, and ASRS scores, demonstrating the discriminant validity of the PUTS. Factor analysis for construct validity revealed three factors: "presumed functional relationship between the tic and the urge to tic," "the quality of the premonitory urge," and "just right phenomena." Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the K-PUTS is a reliable and valid scale for rating premonitory urge of tics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.209-214
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• 2005

Immunoglobulins (IG) , T cell receptors (TR) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are major components of the immune system. Their experimentally determined three-dimensional (3D) structures are numerous and their retrieval and comparison is problematic. IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system$^{\circledR}$(http://imgt.cines.fr), has devised controlled vocabulary and annotation rules for the sequences and 3D structures of the IG TR and MHC. Annotated data from IMGT/3D sructure-DB, the IMGT 3D structure database, are used in this paper to compare 3D structure of the domains and receptor, and to characterize IG/antigen, peptide/MHC and TR/peptide/MHC interfaces. The analysis includes angle measures to assess receptor flexibility, structural superimposition and contact analysis. Up-to-date data and analysis results are available at the IMGT Web site, http://imgt.cines.fr.