• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.123.1-123.1
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 THF(Tetrahydrofuran)와 산화탄소나노튜브를 혼합한 유체가 메탄 하이드레이트 생성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해 하이드레이트 생성실험을 수행하고 비교분석하였다. 먼저 하이드레이트 생성 시 정확히 큰 동공에 하나의 THF 분자를 위치시킬 수 있는 5.56 mol%의 THF 혼합유체와 0.003 wt%의 산화 탄소나노튜브를 첨가한 산화탄소나노유체에서 하이드레이트 생성실험을 수행한 결과 같은 과냉도에서 상평형은 THF가 우수하였으며, 하이드레이트 생성에 소모되는 가스소모량은 산화탄소나노튜브가 월등히 우수한 효과를 보였다. 따라서 이 두 종류 촉진제의 단점을 보완하고, 우수한 효과를 이끌어 내기 위해 THF와 산화탄소나노튜브를 혼합하였다. 0.003 wt%의 산화탄소나노유체에 5.56 mol%의 THF를 혼합하였으며, 하이드레이트 상평형, 가스소모량, 생성시간을 측정하여 증류수와 THF, 산화탄소나노유체와 비교하였다. 그 결과, THF+산화탄소나노튜브 혼합유체의 상평형은 THF의 상평형과 비슷하였으고, 과냉도 3.4K에서의 가스소모량은 산화나노유체가 증류수의 3.6배, THF가 증류수의 1.7배, THF+산화탄소나노튜브 혼합유체가 증류수의 5.2배로 THF+산화탄소나노튜브 혼합유체에서 가스소모량이 가장 높음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 하이드레이트 생성시간은 같은 과냉도에서 THF+산화탄소나노튜브 혼합유체가 THF보다 빠르며, 산화탄소나노유체의 하이드레이트 생성시간과 비슷함을 보였다. 따라서 THF+산화탄소나노튜브 혼합유체는 THF의 우수한 상평형 효과와 탄소나노튜브의 높은 가스소모량 효과를 같이 가지고 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.371-379
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• 1980

The spectral properties of the solvated electrons in tetrahydrofuran(THF)-water binary system have been investigated. In this study, the solvated electrons have been produced by applying nsec Q-switch Nd(YAG) laser photolysis technique. The experimental method photolysis were schematically described. The solvent and the temperature effects on the absorption spectrum of solvated electrons have also been studied. The observation of the spectrum with increasing THF content and temperatue showed a trend that the former shifted to longer wavelength and the other showed broadening effect. The half-life of solvated electrons were also increased with THF content. The absorption maxima of the mixtures were always observed in the middle of that of pure water and THF. The correlation between the volume and the absorption energy of solvated electrons were discussed from the results.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.353-357
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• 2017

In this study, the inclusion phenomena of tetrahydrofuran + 3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran + $CH_4$ clathrate hydrates were explored via thermodynamic and spectroscopic approaches. The phase equilibria of the double hydrates - THF + $CH_4$ and 3-OH THF + $CH_4$ clathrate hydrates - were determined by pressure-temperature trace during hydrate formation and dissociation, and the result revealed that the equilibrium pressures were shifted to lower pressure region compared to pure $CH_4$ hydrate. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the double hydrates of THF + 3-OH THF formed structure II type clathrate hydrates with $CH_4$. The dispersive Raman spectra of the double clathrate hydrates also exhibited that $CH_4$ can be trapped in both $5^{12}6^4$ and $5^{12}$ cages whereas THF and 3-OH THF were encaged in $5^{12}6^4$ cage.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.1018-1022
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• 1998

Characteristics and catalytic activities of 12-molybdophosphoricacid catalysts modified by ring opening polymerization of tetrahydrofuran (THF) were studied in this work. 12-Molybdophosphoricacid catalysts modified by THF showed higher conversions and product yields than the mother acid in the vapor-phase ethanol conversion. It was believed that the enhanced catalytic activities of modified 12-molybdophosphoricacids were due to structural flexibility of heteropolyanions and weakened hydrogen bond around heteropolyanions. THF interacted with protons and crystalline water molecules of heteropolyacids. The interaction between THF and heteropolyanoins, which crystalline water molecules act as intermediary, was the dominant factor deciding the catalytic activities of modified 12-molybophosphoricacids.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.367-372
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• 2022

The effect of the addition of a polyvinylchloride (PVC) non-solvent to a PVC-tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution on the surface properties of the PVC thin film was analyzed. The non-solvents used were composed of alcohol-based and non-alcoholic ones. Surface morphologies of PVC thin films according to the addition of the non-solvent were compared. In addition, the hydrophobic properties relying on the surface characteristics were compared. The micro-bubbles generated in the preparation of PVC-THF solution affected the surface morphology of the thin film. In order to implement the normal surface physical properties of the coating thin film at the relatively high concentration of PVC-THF solution, the selection of appropriate drying method was required. When an alcohol-based non-solvent was added, a PVC thin film having a granular porous surface was obtained and exhibited super hydrophobic properties. The volume ratio of the PVC-THF solution to the non-solvent affects the surface shape of the coating thin film. The larger the amount of non-solvent was added, the more advantageous it was to form a super hydrophobic PVC thin film.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.265-272
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• 2023

Lignocellulosic biomass is essential to pretreatment because of having rigid structures and a lot of lignin. Among methods of pretreatment, using THF solvents has the advantage of being easy to reuse. THF (Tetrahydrofuran) used as a co-solvent with water or ionic solvent that is inexpensive and can remove lignin over a wide range of reaction conditions. NaOH (Sodium hydroxide) has been demonstrated to preferentially solvate lignin from cellulose. Thus, NaOH was used as a pretreatment co-solvent for the fractionation of lignin by destroying the ether bond to amend for hydrolysis and expand the surface area of cellulose and hemicellulose. In this experiment, lignin was removed by the NaOH/THF co-solvent pretreatment process to characteristics for the pretreatment and obtain the optimal levulinic acid conversion yield through the acid catalyst conversion process. the NaOH/THF co-solvent system was conducted in various ratios of co-solvent under a total of 16 conditions. And the temperature was 180 ℃ during to 60 mins. The optimum condition of co-solvent is NaOH 5 wt%/THF 90:10(v/v%), 76.8% glucan content was obtained through this co-solvent pretreatment, and 90.1% lignin was removed. In the acid catalyst conversion process, which is a subsequent pretreatment process, the experiment was conducted under the conditions of 30 to 90 min of reaction time and 160 ℃ to 200 ℃ reaction temperature. The optimum condition of acid catalyst conversion process is 60min reaction time under of 180 ℃, and it obtained 84.7% of levulinic aicd conversion yield.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.216.2-216.2
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 $H_2+CO_2$(40%) 혼합기체로부터 이산화탄소를 효과적으로 분리/회수 하기 위하여 가스 하이드레이트 형성법을 제안하였다. 하이드레이트의 형성 조건을 보다 완화시켜 주기 위하여 열역학적 촉진제로서 TBAB (Tetra-n-butyl Ammonium Bromide, $(C_4H_9)_4NBr$))와 THF(Tetrahydrofuran)를 각각 첨가하여 열역학적 촉진 현상을 살펴보았다. 다양한 농도의 TBAB(10, 40, 60 wt%)와 THF(1, 5.56, 10 mol%)에 대하여 3상(H - Lw - V) 평형을 측정하였다. 그 결과 40 wt%의 TBAB와 5.56 mol%의 THF의 농도에서 가장 큰 촉진효과를 보였으며 그 이상의 농도에서는 오히려 촉진효과가 줄어드는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 혼합가스 하이드레이트 형성시 양론비 이상의 TBAB와 THF가 첨가될 경우 반응에 참여하지 못한 TBAB와 THF가 가스 하이드레이트 형성을 방해하기 때문이다. 열역학적 촉진제로서 실제공정에 적용할 경우 40 wt%의 TBAB와 5.56 mol%의 THF를 사용하는 것이 가장 효과적일 것으로 사료된다. 본 실험에서 얻어진 결과는 가스 하이드레이트 형성법을 이용한 합성가스 분리 공정 개발에 중요한 기초 자료가 될 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.156-161
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• 2011

Objectives: Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a colorless, water-miscible organic liquid with low viscosity at standard temperature and pressure. THF has been used as a solvent and a precursor for various syntheses of polymers. However, THF is known to irritate to the eyes, skin and mucus membranes. Overexposure by inhalation, ingestion or skin contact may produce nausea, dizziness, headaches, respiratory irritation and possible skin burns. The purpose of this study is to evaluate of the worker exposure and characteristics of workers in the workplaces that use or manufacture THF. Methods: Sixteen factories in Korea, which manufacture or use THF, were selected for this study and a total of 130 air samples including 104 time-weighted average (TWA) samples and 26 short-term exposure limit (STEL) samples, were collected. Air samples were collected with charcoal tube (100mg/50mg) and analyzed by gas chromatograph/flame ionization detector(GC/FID). Results: The TWA concentration of THF was 16.05ppm (GM) at PS script printing, 2.32ppm (GM) at PVC stabilizer, 1.03ppm (GM) at Lithium triethylborohydride, 0.63ppm (GM) at Polytetramethylene ether glycol(PTMEG), 0.42ppm (GM) at Manufacturing THF, 0.13ppm (GM) at Glue and 0.12ppm (GM) at synthetic rubber/resins. Two out of sampes for PS script printing exceeded 50ppm as 8-hour exposure limit of MOEL. The short term exposure to THF was 54.77ppm (GM) at PS script printing, 17.10ppm (GM) at PTMEG, 13.76ppm (GM) at Manufacturing THF, 2.86ppm (GM) at Lithium triethylborohydride, 0.87ppm (GM) at synthetic rubber/resins and 0.13ppm (GM) Glue. We found that the highest exposure process for both the TWA and STEL samples was PS script process. Two samples exceeded 100ppm as short term exposure limit of Ministry of Employment and Labor(MOEL). Conclusions: Characteristic of STEL concentration for THF is considerably different from TWA concentration in workplaces because workers could exposure high concentration of THF in a moment when they work irregularly schedule. So exposure controls for momentary works have to be prepared, and considered the skin absorption and inhale of THF.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.444-451
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• 1980

In order to further elucidate the process of electron solvation in liquids, the medium effect, as the difference between the free energy of $H^+$ in aqueous and non-aqueous states (${\Delta}{\Delta}G_0$), of THF-water mixtures has been investigated. (${\Delta}{\Delta}G_0$) were determined by electromotive force masurements of the cell Pt$H_2Q$, Q, HCI, THF, $H_2O$|KC1 | $Hg_2Cl_2$|Hg(Pt), where $H_2Q$ and Q are hydroquinone and quinone respectively. The effect of dielectric constant on the difference of free energy and the absorption energy of solvated electrons have been studied. For the consideration of these effect the polymerization of water in THF has been studied. Near infrared spectrum of O-H stetching energy has been used to measure the extent of water aggregates. The expermental results indicate that at least in some composition of binary mixtures the electrons or other ions are solvated preferentially with one component of solvents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.221-226
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• 2008

Novel synthetic routes were proposed for hydroxy-terminated Poly(EO-co-THF) by Cationic ring-opening copolymerization of Tetrahydrofuran(THF) and Ethylene oxide(EO). It was carried out using Boron trfluoride tetrahydrofuranate($BF_3$ THF complex) as catalyst in the presence of 1,4-butandiol. The resultant products are well-defined linear polyetherpolyol. Polyurethane(TPU) were prepared using resultant polyetherpolyol with IPDI/N-100 as curing agent and TPB(Triphenylbismuth) /MA(Maleic anhydride) mixture as cure catalyst. Mechanical properties of TPU prepared from poly(EO-co-THF) polyol were investigated and compared with polyurethane using ATK HTPE.