• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.701-707
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• 2013

The present study was carried out to investigate the antiobesity and hypocholesterolemic effects of Bifidobacteria animalis DY-64 (B. animalis DY-64), a lactic acid bacterium isolated from the human intestine, in rats fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet for 4 weeks. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed either a normal (N) or high-fat/high-cholesterol (HFC) diet without or with oral administration of B. animalis DY-64 (N-BA, HFC-BA). The gain in body weight, and liver and adipose tissue weights of the HFC group were heavier than that of the HFC-BA group. Serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol, and leptin levels of the HFC group, which were significantly elevated compared to those of the N group, dropped by 19, 18, 21, and 13% in the HFC-BA group, respectively, whereas the serum HDL-cholesterol level markedly increased. However, serum TG, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and leptin levels were not significantly different among the N groups (N, N-BA) with or without B. animalis DY-64 administration. TC and TG levels of the liver as well as the TG level of the adipose tissue were significantly reduced in the HFC-BA group. In addition, HR-LPL activity in adipose tissue was also lower in the HFC-BA group than in the HFC group. These results suggest that B. animalis DY-64 isolated from the human intestine exerts hypocholesterolemic effects by reducing serum and liver cholesterol levels and plays a role in the prevention of obesity induced by HFC diet.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2013

Silymarin has been introduced fairly recently as a hepatoprotective agent. But its mechanisms of action still have not been well established. The aim of this study was to make alcoholic fatty liver model of rats in a short time and investigate silymarin's protective effects and possible mechanisms on alcoholic fatty liver for rats. The model of rat's alcoholic fatty liver was induced by intragastric infusion of ethanol and high-fat diet for six weeks. Histopathological changes were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE). The activities of alanine transarninase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), the levels of total bilirubin (TBIL), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in serum were detected with routine laboratory methods using an autoanalyzer. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver homogenates were measured by spectrophotometry. The TG content in liver tissue was determined by spectrophotometry. The expression of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the liver were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Silymarin effectively protected liver from alcohol-induced injury as evidenced by improving histological damage situation, reducing ALT and AST activities and TBIL level in serum, increasing SOD and GPx activities and decreasing MDA content in liver homogenates and reducing TG content in liver tissue. Additionally, silymarin markedly downregulated the expression of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65, ICAM-1 and IL-6 in liver tissue. In conclusion, Silymarin could protect against the liver injury caused by ethanol administration. The effect may be related to alleviating lipid peroxidation and inhibiting the expression of NF-${\kappa}B$.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.166-170
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• 2003

삼백초가 TCDD 투여로 유발된 rat의 지질대사에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 NTT, TTA, STT군으로 각각 10마리씩 나누어 TCDD를 투여하고 4주 동안 물질을 투여하였다. 4주 후 희생시켜서 혈청과 간의 지질대사를 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Total Cholesterol에서 삼백초를 투여한 STT군은 NTT군 비교해서 14.46% 증가하였으며, 혈청 중의 HDL-Cholesterol은 SST군이 TTA군과 비교하여 21.29% 증가하였고 94.98%로 엑제되었다. LDL-Cholesterol에서는 STT군이 TTA군 보다 12.86% 감소하였으며, 48.34%로 억제되었다. 2. 혈청중의 TG의 함량은 TTA군이 NTT군에 비해 34.84% 증가하였다. TTA 군에 비해 STT군은 7.06% 감소하였으며, 18.9% 억제시킨다 3. 간조직 중의 MDA량은 STT군이 TTA군에 비해 17.14% 감소하였고, 32.72%의 억제율을 보였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.501-505
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• 1999

Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin biosynthesis, is primarily expressed in serotonergic neurons of the raphe nuclei. Simple tandem repeat polymorphisms, typically one to four nucleotides long, are tandemly repeated several times and often characterized by many alleles. To identify the presence of polymorphic repeats, we sequenced the 5'-upstream region of the mouse TPH gene. For the detection of any allelic variants, polymerase chain reaction, nonisotopic single-strand conformation polymophism, and DNA sequencing analyses of the tandem repeat sequences were performed using genomic DNA extracted from 60 ICR mice. Two dinucleotide repeats, $5'-(AC/TG)_{22}-3'$ and $5'-(GT/CA)_{17}3',$ were identified at approximately - 5.7 kb and - 3.4 kb upstream from the transcriptional initiation site of the mouse TPH gene, respectively. Minor allelic variants, $5'-(AC/TG)_{21}-3'$ and $5'-(GT/CA)_{18}-3',$ were observed in heterozygous pairs from 3 of 60 and 1 of 60 ICR mice, respectively. The identification of these microsatellites in the mouse TPH promoter raises the possibility that identical and/or other polymorphic sequences might exist in the upstream region of the human TPH gene.

• 임산에너지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.18-27
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• 2002

소나무 수피를 유기 설폰산 촉매존재 하에서 페놀액화하고 얻어진 액화물에 대한 특성을 검토하였다. 수피의 페놀액화시 유기 설폰산은 염산보다 뛰어난 촉매임을 확인 할 수 있었으며, 본 촉매의 사용에 의하여 소나무 수피의 완전한 액화가 가능하였다. 이들 유기 설폰산을 촉매로하여 제조된 수피 액화물의 경우 액화용매로 사용된 페놀이 염산을 촉매로 한 경우에 비하여 2-3배 많이 결합해 있었으며, 유리 전이점(Tg)이 낮았다 (PTSA: 85℃, MSA: 169℃, HCI: 181℃). 또한 이들 액화물은 전수산기, 페놀성 수산기 및 지방족 수산기가 많이 존재하여 반응중 액화 용매인 페놀의 도입과 2차적인 축합억제를 예상할 수 있었다. 액화물의 IR 스펙트럼 및 중성당류 분석 결과로부터 수피 액화물 중의 탄수화물은 대부분 분해되었다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 액화물 및 그 잔사의 EDS 분석결과 유기 설폰산 촉매는 염산 촉매에 비하여 반응용기의 심각한 부식을 초래하지 않는다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1477-1482
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• 2007

The antidiabetic effect of Gastrodia elata blume was investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley 30 rats, were divided into five groups, normal group(n=6), group Ⅰ was diabetic groups(n=6), group Ⅱ was diabetic induced and oral administration of Gastrodia elata blume extract 0.1 g/kg body weight(n=6) and group Ⅲ was diabetic induced and oral administration of Gastrodia elata blume extract 0.3 g/kg(n=6) and group Ⅳ was 0.5 g/kg(n=6) body weight for 28 days on Diabetic rats. Analysis the body weight, level of serum glucose, serum insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), aspartate transminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT). Oral administrations of the Gastrodia elata blume extract significantly decreased weight, serum glucose, TC, TG, AST, and ALT levels, while increased in normal group. (p<0.05). TC and TG was significantly decreased in group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ. and AST, LT was no significantly in any groups. It is concluded that the Gastrodia elata blume must be considered as excellent candidate for future studies on diabetes mellitus.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 1998

The absolute absorbed dose can be determined according to the measurement conditions ; measurement material, detector, energy and calibration protocols. The purpose of this study is to compare the absolute absorbed dose due to the differences of measurement condition and calibration protocols for photon beams. Dosimetric measurements were performed with a farmer type PTW and NEL ionization chambers in water, solid water, and polystyrene phantoms using 6MV photon beams from Siemens linear accelerator. Measurements were made along the central axis of $10{\times}10cm$ field size for constant target to surface distance of 100cm for water, solid water and polystyrene phantom. Theoretical absorbed dose intercomparisons between TG21 and IAEA protocol were performed for various measurement combinations on phantom, ion chamber, and electrometer. There were no significant differences of absorbed dose value between TG2l and IAEA protocol. The differences between two protocols are within $1\%\;while\;the\;average\;value\;of\;IAEA\;protocol\;was\;0.5\%$ smaller than TG2l protocol. For the purpose of comparison, all the relative absorbed dose were nomalized to NEL ion chamber with Keithley electrometer and water phantom, The average differences are within $1\%,\;but\;individual\;discrepancies\;are\;in\;the\;range\;of\;-2.5\%\;to\;1.2\%$ depending upon the choice of measurement combination. The largest discrepancy of $-25\%$ was observed when NEL ion chamber with Keithley electrometer is used in solid water phantom. The main cause for this discrepancy is due to the use of same parameters of stopping power, absorption coefficient, etc. as used in water phantom. It should be mentioned that the solid water phantom is not recommended for absolute dose calibration as the alternative of water, since absorbed dose show some dependency on phantom material other than water. In conclusion, the trend of variation was not much dependent on calibration protocol. However, It shows that absorbed dose could be affected by phantom material other than water.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.1206-1224
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• 2018

Purpose: This systematic review was planned and performed in order to determine the clinical effectiveness of acupuncture for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: We searched related randomized controlled trials in several medical online databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Public/Publisher MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), National Digital Science Library (NDSL), and Research Information Sharing Service (RISS). NAFLD related outcomes were extracted from the included trials and meta-analyzed. Results: From the 8 included trials, the values of the following examinations were extracted: liver ultrasonography, liver CT, body fat CT, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, fasting blood sugar (FBS), hosmeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), weight, body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR), obesity degree, body fat mass, body fat rate, leptin, malondialdehyde (MDA), and super oxide dismutase (SOD). In the 4 outcomes, cure rate in liver ultrasonography (RR=1.56; 95%CI=1.05~2.31; P=0.03), cure rate in liver CT (RR=2.23; 95%CI=1.33~3.72; P=0.002), TC (MD=-0.78; 95%CI=-1.41~-0.15; P=0.02), and TG (MD=-2.05; 95%CI=-3.88~-0.21; P=0.03), acupuncture was more effective than the control intervention. Conclusions: In this meta-analysis, acupuncture relieved hepatic steatosis, and reduced TC, and TG in NAFLD patients. more well-planned studies are still needed due to the heterogeneity and the considerable methodological flaws in the analyzed trials.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2010

To elucidate the effects of an obesity control program on body composition and serum lipid levels, 31 obese elementary students (male: 25, female: 6) residing in the Gyeonggi area were evaluated and their body composition, serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TG (triglyceride) were analyzed. The average age, height, weight and BMI (body mass index) were $11.52{\pm}1.00\;yrs$, $151.96{\pm}8.04\;cm$, $68.21{\pm}9.03\;kg$ and $29.40{\pm}1.79\;kg/m^2$ for the males, respectively, and $11.17{\pm}1.17\;yrs$, $147.83{\pm}5.15\;cm$, $65.05{\pm}10.86\;kg$ and $29.62{\pm}3.24\;kg/m^2$ for the females, respectively. There was a significant decrease in BMI for males (p<0.001) and females (p<0.05). There were also significant changes in all of the biochemical levels evaluated before and after the study. Specifically, the total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TG level decreased after the obesity control program, while the HDL-cholesterol level increased after the program. These results indicate that obesity control programs do change the BMI, serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TG levels in obese elementary students. Thus, obesity control programs are urgently needed to prevent degenerative disease and decrease obesity among children in elementary school.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.1042-1049
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• 2009

본 연구는 서울지역에 거주하는 건강한 성인 남녀(남자 23명, 여자 10명) 33명을 대상으로 trans 지방 3.75 g을 첨가 한 쌀 빵, 콩 빵과 밀 빵의 섭취가 식후 혈장에서의 지방산과 지질흡수에 미치는 효과를 확인하기 위하여 실시하였다. 시험군은 각 군 당 11명씩 3군으로 분류하였다. 쌀 빵은 밀가루 40 g과 쌀가루 40 g에 trans 지방 3.75 g을, 콩 빵은 콩가루 30 g과 밀가루 50 g에 trans 지방 3.75 g을 첨가하였고, 밀빵은 밀가루 80 g에 trans 지방 3.75 g을 첨가하여 식빵 형태로 각각 조제하였다. 대상자들은 8시간 공복 후 각각의 빵을 섭취하고 0, 1, 2, 3, 4시간 후 채혈하였고, 이는 혈중 지방산과 trans 지방산의 농도 및 지질 수준 분석에 이용되었다. 포화지방산인 C16:0과 C18:0의 수준은 밀 빵을 섭취한 군에서는 시간의 경과에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였으나 콩 빵과 쌀 빵을 섭취한 군에서는 섭취 후 유사한 수준이었다. C16:0은 콩 빵과 밀 빵을 섭취한 군에서는 섭취 1시간 후에 peak에도달하였으나 시간이 경과함에 감소하는 경향을 보여 섭취4시간 후 밀 빵 군에서는 변화량은 섭취 전의 수준과 유사하였으나 콩 빵 군에서는 섭취하기 전보다도 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. C18:0은 섭취 1시간 후 콩 빵과 쌀 빵을 섭취한군이 밀 빵을 섭취한 군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였으나 콩 빵과 쌀 빵 군 간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. Trans 지방산인 C18:1t과 18:2t는 세 군 모두에서는 섭취 2시간 후 가장 높은 수준을 보였으며 섭취 4시간 후에는 콩 빵 섭취한 군에서의 C18:1t의 혈중 농도가 가장 낮았다. C18:1c은 섭취 4시간 후 콩 빵 군에서 가장 낮았고 쌀 빵 군에서 가장 높았다. 또한 콩 빵의 섭취는 TG의 증가를 효과적으로 억제하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 콩 빵의 섭취는 밀 빵을 섭취했을 때보다 혈중 trans 지방산을 비롯한 포화지방산 농도와 TG의 수준을 저하하였으며 이것은 콩에 함유된 식이섬유와 생리활성물질들이 지방산과 지방의 체내 흡수율을 저하시키거나 흡수속도를 느리게 하는 때문으로 사료된다. 따라서 trans 지방산을 비롯한 포화지방산과 TG의 체내 농도를 저하시키기 위해서는 밀 빵보다 콩 빵의 형태로 섭취하는 것이 유익할 것으로 사료된다.