• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.401-406
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• 1990

In order to assess fish meal as food protein source which contains heat denatured pro-tein, functional properties of fish meal protein to be treated with alkaline were examined. Ratio of fish meal to 0.2N NaOH solution for extract solvent which were 1:10 showed good results of extracted and recovered amount of fish meal protein. pH 4.5, solubility of protein treated with alkaline revealed the lowest value. Until concentrations of alkaline treated protein solution reached $0.7\%$, its emulsifying capacity steeply decreased. Emusifying capacity of alkali treated protein were higher value at pH 9.0 than pH 4.0 and 7.0, and also were higher quantity in 0.5M NaCl solution than that of 0.1M. Heating time of fish meal protein to be treated with alkaline reached until 30 mins, its fat binding capacity indicated little change and that of heating time 60 mins decreased. Gel forming concentrations of fish meal protein to be treated with alkali for 15 mins or less were $20\%$ but those of 30 and 60 mins were $25\%$. When treating time of fish meal protein with alkali solution reached till 20 mins, viscosity of alkali treated protein solution steeply decreased.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 1999

Changes in the alliinase activity during the aging of pickled garlic samples prepared by the several methods were investigated. The activity of alliinase in raw garlic was 8,37 units/mg protein. The ac-tivity in the garlic pickled with swoy sauce was reduced to 4.57 units/mg with 52% remaining by 1st week of pickling and to 1.05 units/mg protein with 12% remaining by 2nd week of pickling. The ac-tivity of alliinase in the garlic pickled with vinegar was 2.79 units/mg protein with 32% remaining by 1st week of pickling and was 0.26 units/mg protein only with 3% remaining by 2nd week of pickling. The activity of alliinase in the garlic pickled with 10% salt solution was 5.06 units/mg protein with 58% remaining by 1st week of pickling. After one week pickling the juice of pickled garlic was removed. Then garlics were pickled again with vinegar. The allinase acting in was reduced to 0.85 units/mg pro-tein with 10% remaining by 2nd week of pickling. The activity of alliinase in the garlic pickled with vin-egar was 2.79 units/mg protein with 32% remaining by 1st week of pickling. The juice of pickled garlic was removed after one week. Then the galics were again pickled with saysauce. The allinase activity in the garlic the garlic pickled again with soy sauce was reduced to 0.43 units/mg protein with 5% remain-ing by 2 week of pickling.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2000

To determine an increased acid tolerance of an adipic acid-resistant mutant Leuconostoc mesenteroides(ANaM100) developed for use as a Kimchi starter, proton permeability of cytoplasm, activities of H+-ATPase, Mg++ release and fatty acid composition of cytoplasmic membranes of strain ANaM100 were studied and compared with those of its wild type (LMw). The value of protons permeability of LMw after an acid shock at pH 5.0 was 5.4 min., while the value of ANaM100 cells was 8.4 min. at the same pH. The pH of maximal specific activ-ities of ATPase originated from the LMw and ANaM100 were 0.87 unit/mg protein at pH 6.0 and 0.92 unit/mg pro-tein at pH 5.5, respectively. The release of magnesium ion from ANaM100 was observed about 12.8% at pH 4 after 2 hours, while the wild strains of LMw released Mg++ about 27.6% under the same conditions. The content of C19:0,cyclo and C18:1 in a membrane fatty acid of ANaM100 was higher and lower, respectively than that of LMw. These results indicated that acid tolerance of adipic acid-resistant strain, ANaM100 was significantly improved in comparison with that of its wild type, LMw. In addition, the strain ANaM100 was adipic resistance based on the result of growth of the strain in comparison with that of strain LMw in a broth containing adipic acid.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.654-659
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• 1998

The 2B subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NR2B) is the major phosphotyrosine-containing pro-tein in the postsynaptic density (PSD). In order to identify the site for tyrosine phosphorylation on NR2B, a mass spectrometry was applied on tryptic and endolys-C peptides. The NR2B subunit was isolated from N-octyl glucoside (NOG)-insoluble PSD fraction through SDS-PAGE and electroelution. The eluted protein was confirmed to be NR2B and phosphorylated on tyrosine by its cognate antibody and phosphotyrosine-specific antibody. By matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry of the peptides generated by digesting the eluted NR2B with trysin or endolys-C, a potential site for tyrosine phosphorylation could be identified as Tyr-1304.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.137-148
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• 2009

Knowledge management becomes the key point for organizations to survive and maintain competitive advantages in the knowledge economy era. E-learning plays a vital role for the organizational learning. How to share the experience of knowledge and the success of the knowledge management has great connection with the organizational culture. This study focuses on the factors of effective E-learning as well as its relation to the organizational culture. A successful e-learning system should not only aim at different statistical variables but emphasize on : course contents, variety of teaching methods and establishes a stable network environment. A stable E-learning platform and speedy bandwidth is a must to achieve the non-barrier communication and built an interactive learning environment. To achieve success in E-learning, it is not necessary to divide the organizational culture to strengthen the course content multiplication and plans the E-learning supervisory work by the sole responsibility unit. It should establish an ample teaching frequency width and platform and also must establish the appropriate study network frequency width and hardware equipment to achieve the best E-learning effect. The interaction in different organizational culture in adapting E-learning, those Ad-hoc and Marketing Culture, are mostly influence by the external environment and have more interactive content. Those in Clan and Hierarchy Culture are affected by traditional conception and lack of interaction. Meanwhile, under the cost consideration, Clan and Ad-hoc Culture on the dynamic side prefer to spend more cost on E-Learning while the stable side, Hierarchy and Marketing culture are willing to pay more expenses on E-Learning.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2003

The present study aims to evaluate protein and phosphorus availabilities of five different dietary protein sources during the 6-week feeding trial in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus as determined by growth performance and phosphorus retention. Five diets containing blood meal (BM), poultry by-product (PBP), squid liver powder (SLP), feather meal (FM) and soybean meal (SM) were prepared by mixing a basal diet (BD) with one of five test ingredients at the ratio of 7 to 3. As a reference diet, BD contains three different protein sources such as white fish meal, casein and gelatin. After 2 weeks of the conditioning period, fish initially averaging 2.7$\pm$0.02g (mean$\pm$SD) were randomly distributed into each aquarium as a group of 30 fish reared in the recirculating system. Fish of triplicate groups were fed one of six experimental diets (BD+five test diet). After 6-week feeding trial, pro- tein efficency ratio (PER) of fish fed BM diet was the lowest in experiment groups. While fish fed PBP diet showed a significant higher PER as compared to the FM diet, and fish fed SLP diet and BD were a higher PER than did fish fed PBP diet. However, there was no significant difference in PER among fish fed SLP diet, BD and SM diet, and between SM diet and PBP diet. Phosphorus retention efficiency of bone (PR $E_{b}$) of fish fed BM diet was the lowest in all the diets, and fish fed FM diet showed a higher PE $R_{b}$ than fish fed BD and SM diet. However, there was no significant difference in PER among fish fed FM diet, SLP diet and PBP diet, and among SLP diet, PBP diet, SM diet and BD. These results indicate that SLP could be a suitable protein source for low pollution diets of olive flounder in the future fish feeds market. Furthermore, PBP and SM are available protein source to reduce P waste in the oliver flounder aquaculture with the use of proper mixture of other protein sources and more processing to improve protein availibility of these.ese.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.269-274
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• 2004

Serratia proteamaculans isolated from the midgut of a spider formed big halos around the bacterial colonies, indicating that the bacterial strain produces an extracellular protease. Activity staining of the extracellular pro­tein fractions using zymogram also demonstrated that the major protein with an estimated molecular mass of 52 kDa contained a high proteolytic activity. The protease was purified to near electrophoretic homogeneity from the culture supernatant after filtration and ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography. The purified enzyme had a relatively high proteolytic activity between pH 6.0 and 10.0 and at broad temperature range. The proteolytic activity of the enzyme was not inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride but strongly inhibited by 1, 10-phenanthroline and EDTA. The activity also was dependent on the presence of $Ca^{++}\;and\;Zn^{++}$ ions. These observations indicate that the enzyme is a metalloprotease.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.642-652
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• 2006

In order to understand the characteristics of surface ozone concentration and high $O_3$ concentration days, regional data from seven air quality monitoring stations which were operated by local governments were analyzed Regional characteristics of $O_3$ concentration were analyzed with the data of $O_3$ concentration and the characteristics of $O_3$ generation and weather conditions by the selection of the days in which the concentration was higher than 80 ppb. In the case of daily variation, the lowest $O_3$ concentration was shown in all regions from 7am to 8am and the highest around at 4 pm. The monthly variation of mean $O_3$ concentration and ${\Delta}O_3$ values revealed a reducing pattern in July and August following the peak in June, and again a gradual increasing trend in September and October. The result shows that the amount of ozone is dependent on photochemical reaction. The days of $O_3$ generated more than 80 ppb in the region of Gwangyang-bay were 544 days(1,760 hrs). The frequency of occurrence in the region revealed a strong pattern with the order of Samil-dong, Jinsang, and Gwangmu-dong stations in the Gwangyang region. However, Tein-dong, which is the nearest station to air pollution material generation source, showed the lowest frequency in the study area. Consequently, the meteorological parameters which can easily generate the high concentration of $O_3$ in the region of Gwangyang-bay are characterized as follows; atmospheric temperature which is higher than $19^{\circ}C$, relative humidity with the range of $60{\sim}85%$, the less average wind velocity than 5 m/s, cloud cover which is less than 5/10, and the more duration of sunshine than 8 hours.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.144-151
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• 2008

This study investigated the changes in the contents of allicin and diallyl disulfide and in the alliinase activity during the vacuum freeze drying of onion samples treated as the whole, sliced and crushed forms. The contents of allicin and diallyl disulfide in raw onions were 26.40ppm and 2.78ppm respectively. The contents of allicin and diallyl disulfide of onion samples treated as the whole, sliced and crushed forms increased with the progress of vacuum freeze drying. The degree of increase was different in each onion sample form prepared by vacuum freeze drying(p<0.05). The specific activity of alliinase in raw onions was 7.536 units/mg protein. The activity in onion samples treated as the whole, sliced and crushed forms decreased with the progress of vacuum freeze drying. The activity in the whole onion prepared by the vacuum freeze drying for 8 hrs reduced to 5.516 units/mg protein with 73.2% remaining and to 3.304 units/mg protein with 43.8% remaining for 36 hrs. The activity in the sliced onion prepared by the vacuum freeze drying for 36 hrs reduced to 2.366 units/mg protein with 31.4% remaining and the activity in the crushed onion prepared by the vacuum freeze drying for 36 hrs reduced to 2.232 units/mg protein with 29.6% remaining. The alliinase in onion sample treated as the whole form showed the highest remaining activity during the vacuum freeze drying.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 1991

This study was carried out to observe the change in uterine cyclic nucleotide level and the effect of PAF on cyclic nucleotides in uterine tissue in early pregnany in order to understand reciprocal relation ship between PAF and cyclic nucleotides in pregnancy in the rat. The test groups were injected intramuscularly with $1{\mu}g$ of PAF or 1.25mg of BN-52021 on day 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of pregnancy. The level of cyclic nucleotide in removed uterine tissue was assayed by using cyclic nucleotides test kits. The results showed that the cyclic AMP content in uterine tissue of non-pregnant at pro-oestrus rat was $2.91{\pm}0.33$ pmol/mg protein which was lower than those of pregnant rat. The cyclic GMP content in uterine tissue of non-pregnant rat was $0.39{\pm}0.20$ pmol/mg pro-tein which was also lower than those of pregnant rats. The maximum level in cAMP was $5.92{\pm}1.72$ pmol/mg protein on day 3 and cGMP, $1.03{\pm}0.22$ pmol/mg protein on day 4. On each day of pregnancy, PAF induced the increased cAMP level ompared with that of intact rat. That was significant on day 0, 2 and 4 of pregnancy, p<0.05, on the other hand PAF receptor antagonist, BN-52021 ecreased cAMP level in uterine tisssue. PAF as well as BN-52021 had not an consistent effect on changes in cGMP level. These results suggest that cyclic nucleotide levels in uterine tissue ware increased during early pregnancy and PAF influences cAMP level in uterine rather than cGMP level during peri-implantation period, accordingly demonstrating a possible involvement of PAF in the regulation of implantation-related events through cAMP-mediated process.