• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate flexor-extensor muscle strength of trunk according to Sasang constitution. Methods : This study was carried out with the data from comprehensive medical testing. People were performed Trunk Extension Flexion(TEF) Program of CYBEX NORM System and QSCC(Questionnaire of Sasang Constitution Classification) II test. And then we made three groups according to Sasang constitution and analyzed isokinetic strength on the TEF. Results : 1. A significant difference(Taeumin>Soeumin>Soyangin) was found in flexor muscle peak torque(PT) of trunk according to Sasang constitution(P<0.05). 2. A significant difference was not found in flexor muscle peak torque%body weight (PT%BW) of trunk according to Sasang constitution. 3. A significant difference(Taeumin>Soeumin>Soyangin) was found in extensor muscle peak torque(PT) of trunk according to Sasang constitution(P<0.05). 4. A significant difference(Soeumin>Taeumin>Soyangin) was found in extensor muscle peak torque%body weight(PT%BW) of trunk according to Sasang constitution(P<0.05). Conclusions : There is a significant difference in isokinetic strength on the TEF according to Sasang constitution.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2008

There is significant morbidity and mortality associated with the combination of esophageal atresia (EA) and duodenal atresia (DA). Nevertheless, the management protocol for the combined anomalies is not well defined. The aim of this study is to review our experience with the combined anomalies of EA and DA. From May 1989 to August 2006, seven neonates were diagnosed as EA with DA at Asan Medical Center. In all cases, the type of EA was proximal EA and distal tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). The diagnosis of DA was made in theprenatal period in 1, at birth in 4, 4 days after birth in 1 (2 days after EA repair) and at postmortem autopsy in 1. Except the one case where DA was missed initially, primary simultaneous repair was attempted. DA repair with gastrostomy followed by EA repair in 2, EA repair followed by DA repair without gastrostomy in 2, and TEF ligation followed by DA repair with gastrostomy in 1. There were two deaths. One baby had a large posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia, and operative repair was not attempted. The other infant who had a TEF ligation and DA repair with gastrostomy expired from cardiac failure due to a large patent ductus arteriosus. Simultaneous repair of EA and DA appears to be an acceptable management approach for the combined anomalies, but more experience would be required for the selection of the primary repair of both anomalies.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.215-225
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to measure and investigate the acute effects of two fatty meals (high-SFA & high-PUFA) on post-prandial thermic effect, substrate oxidation, and satiety. Eight healthy adults (four males and four females) aged 19-22 years were assigned to consume two isocaloric meals: high in saturated fatty acids from butter and high in polyunsaturated fatty acids from sesame oil. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure resting energy expenditure (REE), post-prandial energy expenditure for five hours, and substrate oxidation. Satiety of the subjects after meals was estimated by using visual analogue scales (VAS). Five hours thermic effect of food (TEF) was not significantly different between butter meal (6.5% of energy intake) and sesame oil meal (7.3% of energy intake), but, the TEF of butter meal reached the peak point at 150 min and decreased more rapidly arriving to REE in 270 min. On the other hand, TEF of sesame oil meal reached the peak at 90 min and decreased slower than butter meal (still higher than REE at 300 min). No significant differences in substrate oxidation rates were found between the two meals. Post-prandial fat oxidation rates increased significantly after the consumption of both butter and sesame oil meal than that of the pre-prandial state. Satiety values (hunger, fullness, and appetite) were similar among the meals, but recovery of hunger and fullness to the pre-prandial state was faster in butter meal than that of the sesame oil meal.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.186-190
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• 2018

Esophageal atresia (EA) with proximal tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF; gross type B) is a rare defect. Although most patients have long-gap EA, there are still no established surgical guidelines. A premature male infant with symmetric intrauterine growth retardation (birth weight, 1,616 g) was born at 35 weeks and 5 days of gestation. The initial diagnosis was pure EA (gross type A) based on failure to pass an orogastric tube and the absence of stomach gas. A "feed and grow" approach was implemented, with gastrostomy performed on postnatal day 2. A fistula was detected during bronchoscopy for recurrent pneumonia; thus, we confirmed type B EA and performed TEF excision and cervical end esophagostomy. As the infant's stomach volume was insufficient for bolus feeding after reaching a body weight of 2.5 kg, continuous tube feeding was provided through a gastrojejunal tube. On the basis of these findings, esophageal reconstruction with gastric pull-up was performed on postnatal day 141 (infant weight, 4.7 kg), and he was discharged 21 days postoperatively. At 12 months after birth, there was no catch-up growth; however, he is currently receiving a baby food diet without any complications. In patients with EA, bronchoscopy is useful for confirming TEF, whereas for those with long-gap EA with a small stomach volume, esophageal reconstruction with gastric pull-up after continuous feeding through a gastrojejunal tube is worth considering.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.72-84
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• 2013

In the study, pollution levels of indoor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in public facilities (vapor phase or particulate phase) were evaluated, and a health risk assessment (HRA) was carried out based on exposure scenarios. Public facilities in Korea covered by the law, including underground subway stations, funeral halls, child care facilities, internet cafes (PC-rooms), and exhibition facilities (6 locations for each type of facility, for a total of 48 locations), were investigated for indoor assessment. For the HRA, individual excess cancer risk (ECR) was estimated by applying main toxic equivalency factor (TEF) values suggested in previous studies. Among the eight public facilities, internet cafes showed the highest average $PM_{2.5}$ concentration at $110.0{\mu}g/m^3$ (range: $83.5-138.5{\mu}g/m^3$). When assuming a risk of facility exposure time based upon the results of the surveys for each public facility, the excess cancer risk using the benzo(a)pyrene indicator assessment method was estimated to be $10^{-7}-10^{-6}$ levels for each facility. Based on the risk associated with various TEF values, the excess cancer risk based upon the seven types cancer EPA (1993) and Malcolm & Dobson's (1994) assessment method was estimated to be $10^{-7}-10^{-5}$ for each facility. The excess cancer risk estimated from the TEF EPA (2010) assessment was the highest: $10^{-7}-10^{-4}$ for each facility. This is due to the 10-fold difference between the TEF of dibenzo(a,e)fluoranthene in 2010 and in 1994. The internet cafes where smoking was the clear pollutant showed the highest risk level of $10^{-4}$, which exceeded the World Health Organization's recommended risk of $1{\times}10^{-6}$. All facilities, with the exception of internet cafes, showed a $10^{-6}$ risk level. However, when the TEFs values of the US EPA (2010) were applied, the risk of most facilities in this study exceeded $1{\times}10^{-6}$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1563-1570
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• 2010

To construct a highly sensitive detection system for endocrine disruptors (EDs), we have compared the activity of promoters with the n-alkane-inducible cytochrome P450 gene (ALK1), isocitrate lyase gene (ICL1), ribosomal protein S7 gene (RPS7), and the translation elongation factor-1${\alpha}$ gene (TEF1) for the heterologous gene in Yarrowia lipolytica. The promoters were introduced into the upstream of the lacZ or hERa reporter genes, respectively, and the activity was evaluated by ${\beta}$-galactosidase assay for lacZ and Western blot analysis for hER${\alpha}$. The expression analysis revealed that the ALK1 and ICL1 promoters were induced by n-decane and by EtOH, respectively. The constitutive promoter of RPS7 and TEF1 showed mostly a high level of expression in the presence of glucose and glycerol, respectively. In particular, the TEF1 promoter showed the highest ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity and a significant signal by Western blotting with the anti-estrogen receptor, compared with the other promoters. Moreover, the detection system was constructed with promoters linked to the upstream of the expression vector for the hER${\alpha}$ gene transformed into the Y. lipolytica with a chromosome-integrated lacZ reporter gene under the control of estrogen response elements (EREs). It was indicated that a combination of pTEF1p-hER${\alpha}$ and CXAU1-2XERE was the most effective system for the $E_2$-dependent induction of the ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity. This system showed the highest ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity at $10^{-6}\;M\;E_2$, and the activity could be detected at even the concentration of $10^{-10}\;M\;E_2$. As a result, we have constructed a strongly sensitive detection system with Y. lipolitica to evaluate recognized/suspected ED chemicals, such as natural/synthetic hormones, pesticides, and commercial chemicals. The results demonstrate the utility, sensitivity, and reproducibility of the system for identifying and characterizing environmental estrogens.

• 분석과학
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.595-606
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• 2010

4년 동안(2004-2007) 국내 유통중인 식품 총 221건을 구입하여 다이옥신류(PCDD/DF + 다이옥신유사 PCBs)를 동위원소희석법을 이용하여 분석하였고, 한국인의 다이옥신 1일 노출량을 산출하였다. 식품 중 다이옥신류의 검출량은 2004년과 2005년은 오염도 자료에 1998 WHO TEF값을, 2006년부터는 오염도 자료에 2005 WHO TEF값을 사용하여 다이옥신류 함량을 산출하였으며, 평균 검출량은 백미는 < 0.01 pg TEQ/g, 소고기 0.13 pg TEQ/g, 돼지고기 0.07 pg TEQ/g, 닭고기 0.04 pg TEQ/g, 우유 0.04 pg TEQ/g, 치즈 0.05 pg TEQ/g, 계란(노른자)는 0.13 pg TEQ/g, 수산물 중 고등어는 1.35 pg TEQ/g, 삼치 1.03 pg TEQ/g, 갈치 1.00 pg TEQ/g, 조기 0.16 pg TEQ/g, 명태 0.11 pg TEQ/g, 장어 0.52 pg TEQ/g, 굴 0.32 pg TEQ/g, 꽃게 0.14 pg TEQ/g 수준으로 조사되었다. 식품을 통한 한국인의 다이옥신류의 노출량은 체중 1 kg 당 1일 0.47 pg TEQ로 다이옥신류의 TDI (4 pg TEQ/kg bw/day) 대비 약 11%수준으로 조사되었으며, 이 수준은 건강상 위해가 없는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.58-68
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• 2018

클로탈라리아는 국내에서 토양개량을 위한 질소고정, 토양침식 감소, 잡초 및 선충 억제를 위해 풋거름작물로 이용하고 있다. 2014년, 클로탈라리아를 풋거름작물로 재배하는 완주 지역의 포장에서 시들음 증상이 관찰되었다. 감염된 식물체의 잎은 아래잎부터 황화 되면서 시들기 시작하였고, 위쪽 잎도 황화 되었으며, 결국 식물체는 완전히 고사하였다. 감염된 식물체 줄기에서 어두운 색의 자낭각이 다수 관찰되었고, 이 자낭각으로부터 자낭포자를 단포자 분리하여 6개 균주를 분리하였다. 균학적 특성에 의해 분리균은 Fusarium udum(완전세대: Gibberella indica)로 동정되었다. 대형포자의 정단세포는 대부분 갈고리 모양으로 굽어 있고, 소형포자는 단경자에서 false head 상으로 형성되었다. 후벽포자는 균사에서 단일 혹은 무리지어 풍부하게 형성되었다. 이와 같은 동정 결과는 translation elongation factor 1 alpha(TEF), calmodulin (CAL), histone 3 (HIS3) 유전자 염기서열 분석으로 재확인되었다. 그 결과, 분리 균주는 NCBI GanBank에 등록된 F. udum과 TEF 유전자는 94.4~96.2%, CAL 유전자는 99.7%, HIS3 유전자는 99.6~99.8%의 상동성을 보였다. 클로탈라리아와 두 품종의 콩을 대상으로 포자현탁액을 토양에 관주 접종하여 병원성 검정을 수행한 결과, 접종 14~21일 이내에 접종한 클로탈라리아와 태광콩에서 병징이 관찰되었다. 따라서 이 병을 F. udum에 의한 클로탈라리아 시들음병으로 명명하고자 제안하며, 국내에서 처음으로 보고한다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2017

꽃도라지(Eustoma grandiflorum)는 국내에서 장식용 화훼류로 널리 이용되는 절화류이다. 2015년 경기도 여주와 경남 김해 지역에서 꽃도라지가 시들고, 지제부가 잘록해지면서 위축되고, 뿌리가 썩는 증상이 나타났다. 병든 식물체는 포장이나 육묘상자에서 황화되고, 뿌리 발육이 저해되었고, 진전되면 전체적으로 황화되면서 시들고, 위축되며, 결국 2~3개월 안에 완전히 말라 죽는다. 병든 식물체 지제부에서 Fusarium균이 분리되었고, 9개 균주를 단포자 분리하여 형태적 특성을 조사한 결과, Fusarium solani로 동정되었다. 대형포자는 통통하고, 직선형이거나 약간 굽은 초승달 모양이고, 소형분생포자는 긴mono형태의 분생포자원세포에서 false head상으로 형성되었다. 후벽포자는 균사 중간 혹은 끝부분에 풍부하게 형성되었다. 이와 같은 동정 결과는 translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF)와 RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2) 유전자의 염기서열 분석으로 재확인되었다. 그 결과, 분리 균주는 NCBI GenBank에 등록된 F. solani와 TEF 유전자는 99.2~99.9%, RPB2 유전자는 98.0~98.1%의 상동성을 나타내었다. 건전한 꽃도라지 유묘의 뿌리를 포자현탁액에 침지 접종하여 병원성 검정을 수행한 결과, 접종 7일 이내에 접종한 식물체에서만 병징이 관찰되었다. 따라서 이 병을 F. solani에 의한 꽃도라지 뿌리썩음병으로 명명하며, 병의 발생을 국내에서 처음으로 보고한다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.239-245
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• 1997

광유로부터 polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)를 제거할 수 있는 가능성을 평가하기 위해 활성탄을 이용한 흡착반응을 연구하였다. 염소원자의 치환이 비교적 적은 PCBs로 구성되어 있는 Aroclor 1242의 흡착 효율은 95% 이상이었으나, 많은 염소원자들로 치환된 Aroclor 1260은 상당히 낮은 75%의 효율을 나타내었다. 관찰된 차이점은 평면이나 비평면 구조를 갖고 있는 PCBs의 기하학적인 구조에 기인한다. 실제로 평면구조 PCBs의 농도는 Aroclor 1260에서보다도 Aroclor 1242에서 훨씬 높다. PCBs의 독성은 주로 평면 구조와 관련되어 있기 때문에, 활성탄에 의한 평면구조 PCBs의 우선적인 흡착은 활성탄의 처리를 통해 독성의 감소가 성취될 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 독성 감소의 효율은 Toxicity Equivalence Factor(TEF)를 써서 평가하였다.