• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.171-178
• /
• 2015

In this work, mixing processes of hot and cold fluids of three different jet types are predicted by large-eddy simulation (LES) on FLUENT platform. Temperature at different positions of internal wall and mixing conditions of T-junctions at different times are obtained, then the simulated normalized mean and root-mean square (RMS) temperature, temperature contour and velocity vector of every case are compared. The results indicate that, the mixing regions in the tee junction is related to the jet type, and temperature fluctuations on the pipe wall in the type of the deflecting jet is the least.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.44-50
• /
• 2011

Turbulent mixing of hot and cold coolants is one of the possible causes of high cycle thermal fatigue in piping systems of nuclear power plants. A typical situation for such mixing appears in turbulent flow through a T-junction. Since the high cycle thermal fatigue caused by thermal striping was not considered in the piping fatigue design in several nuclear power plants, it is very important to evaluate the effect of thermal striping on the integrity of mixing tees. In the present work, before conducting detailed evaluation, three thermal striping evaluation methodology suggested by EPRI, JSME and NESC are analyzed. Then, a by-pass pipe connected to the shutdown cooling system heat exchanger is investigated by using these evaluation methodology. Consequently, the resulting thermal stresses and the fatigue life of the mixing tee are reviewed and compared to each other. Futhermore, the limitation of each methodology are also presented in this paper.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.167-183
• /
• 2013

Methods for estimating structural reliability using probability ideas are well established. When the residual ultimate strength of a buried pipeline is exceeded the limit, breakage becomes imminent and the overall reliability of the pipe distribution network is reduced. This paper is concerned with estimating structural failure of underground flexible pipes due to corrosion induced excessive deflection, buckling, wall thrust and bending stress subject to externally applied loading. With changes of pipe wall thickness due to corrosion, the moment of inertia and the cross-sectional area of pipe wall are directly changed with time. Consequently, the chance of survival or the reliability of the pipe material is decreased over time. One numerical example has been presented for a buried steel pipe to predict the probability of failure using Hasofer-Lind and Rackwitz-Fiessler algorithm and Monte Carlo simulation. Then the parametric study and sensitivity analysis have been conducted on the reliability of pipeline with different influencing factors, e.g. pipe thickness, diameter, backfill height etc.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2011.11a
• /
• pp.205-208
• /
• 2011

최근 사용하는 소방배관의 현장 시공에 사용되는 공법 및 부속을 살펴보면 정통방식의 부속연결 방식, Tee 가공방식, 분기관 방식을 사용하고 있다. 이 방식 중 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 방식은 Tee가공 방식과 분기관 방식으로 이는 우리나라의 소방배관 시설의 규모로 보았을 때 부속과 공법이 미흡하다 할 수 있다. 기존의 공법은 현장 적용성이 떨어지고 화재안전 성능이 미흡하다 할 수 있으며 사회가 발달 하며 건축물의 형태가 다양해지고 초고층화가 이루어지고 있는 과정에서 본 연구에서는 현재사용 하고 있는 공법의 분석과 새로운 소방배관 부속을 개발 하려 한다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.27 no.7
• /
• pp.1200-1209
• /
• 2003

In this paper, a unified methodology based on the local stress concept to estimate residual strength of locally thinned pipes. An underlying idea of the proposed methodology is that the local stress in the minimum section for locally thinned pipe is related to the reference stress, popularly used in creep problems. Then the problem remains how to define the reference stress, that is the reference load. Extensive three-dimensional finite element (FE) analyses were performed to simulate full-scale pipe tests conducted for various shapes of wall thinned area under internal pressure and bending moment. Based on these FE results, the reference load is proposed, which is independent of materials. A natural outcome of this method is the maximum load capacity. By comparing with existing test results, it is shown that the reference stress is related to the fracture stress, which in turn can be posed as the fracture criterion of locally thinned pipes. The proposed method is powerful as it can be easily generalised to more complex problems, such as pipe bends and tee-joints.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
• /
• 1999.10c
• /
• pp.69-74
• /
• 1999

Upland Irrigation Network Analysis System(UINAS) used Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). The results of using OOP is definition of objects and class hierarchy for UINAS, Objects of UINAS are consist of the Pipe , Sprinkler, Valve , Pump, Tee , Bend and Contractions. The classj hierarchy have cooperative design for FEM in analysing the irrigation network. Therefore UINAS have a flexiblility in additioning the network components.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.49-70
• /
• 2005

This paper reports on finite element analysis techniques that may be applied to the study of circular hollow structural sections and related bearing connection geometries. Specifically, a connection detail involving curved steel saddle bearings and a Structural Tee (ST) connected directly to a large-diameter Hollow Structural Section (HSS) truss chord, near its open end, is considered. The modeling is carried out using experimentally verified techniques. It is determined that the primary mechanism of failure involves a flexural collapse of the HSS chord through plastification of the chord wall into a well-defined yield line mechanism; a limit state for which a shell-based finite element model is well-suited to capture. It is also found that classical metal plasticity material models may be somewhat limited in their applicability to steels in fabricated tubular members.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.57 no.6
• /
• pp.1125-1142
• /
• 2016

Tunneling is one of the challenging tasks in civil engineering because it involves a variety of decision making and engineering judgment based on knowledge and experience. One of the challenges is to construct tunnels in risky areas under shallow overburden. In order to prevent the collapse of ceilings and walls of a large tunnels, in such conditions, either a sequential excavation method (SEM) or ground reinforcing method, or a combination of both, can be utilized. This research deals with the numerical modeling of L-profiles and pipe fore-poling pre-support systems in the adit tunnel in northwestern Iran. The first part of the adit tunnel has been drilled in alluvial material with very weak geotechnical parameters. Despite applying an SEM in constructing this tunnel, analyzing the results of numerical modeling done using FLAC3D, as well as observations during drilling, indicate the tunnel instability. To improve operational safety and to prevent collapse, pre-support systems, including pipe fore-poling and L-profiles were designed and implemented. The results of the numerical modeling coupled with monitoring during operation, as well as the results of instrumentation, indicate the efficacy of both these methods in tunnel collapse prevention. Moreover, the results of modeling using FLAC3D and SECTION BUILDER suggest a double angle with equal legs ($2L100{\times}100{\times}10mm$) in both box profile and tee array as an alternative section to pipe fore-poling system while neither $L80{\times}80{\times}8mm$ nor $2L80{\times}80{\times}8mm$ can sustain the axial and shear stresses exerted on pipe fore-poling system.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.59 no.4
• /
• pp.739-759
• /
• 2016

The failure of civil engineering systems is a consequence of decision making under uncertain conditions. Generally, buried flexible pipes are designed for their transversal behavior to prevent from the important failure mode of buckling. However, the interaction effects between soil and pipe are neglected and the uncertainties in their properties are usually not considered in pipe design. In this regard, the present research paper evaluates the effects of these uncertainties on the uncertainty of the critical buckling hoop force of flexible pipes shallowly buried using the subgrade reaction theory (Winkler model) and First-Order Second-Moment (FOSM) method. The results show that the structural uncertainties of the studied pipes and those of the soil properties have a significant effect on the uncertainty of the critical buckling hoop force, and therefore taking into account these latter in the design of the shallowly flexible pipes for their buckling behavior is required.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2000.12a
• /
• pp.253-258
• /
• 2000

유량을 정밀하게 측정하기 위해서는 유량계의 위치 선정이 매우 중요하다. 일반적으로 유량계가 설치되는 배관에는 확대관, 축소관, 엘보우, T자관, 밸브 등이 설치된다. 이러한 배관 연결기구는 매우 복잡한 유동현상을 야기하기 때문에 유량 측정에 지대한 영향을 미친다. 따라서 이러한 배관 연결기구가 설치되었을 때 관 내부의 유동현상을 이해하는 것이 유량을 정밀하게 측정할 수 있는 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 배관에 엘보우 T자관 밸브 등이 설치된 경우에 관내의 유동 특성을 상용코드인 FLUENT를 사용하여 전산해석 하였다. 축방향 속도 2차유동, 압력장 등을 계산하여 고찰하였으며, 또한 완전히 발달된 형태의 유동이 얻어질 때까지의 유동장의 변화를 검토하였다.